Microscopes, Scientists, Cell Theory, and Cell Organelles
Study Guide
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on your own notebook paper. If you
answer the questions on this paper, you will not receive credit for the study guide.
1. List the following parts of the microscope and give the function of each:
a. mirror
b. base
c. arm
d. fine adjustment
e. diaphragm
f. body tube
g. nosepiece
h. stage clips
2. Label the following parts of the microscope (diagram on back): eyepiece, base,
course adjustment, diaphragm, fine adjustment, objective lenses, and stage
clips. (Be sure to record your answers on your notebook paper.)
3. What was Robert Hooke observing under the microscope? What did he discover?
4. What was Anton van Leeuwenhoek observing under the microscope? What did he
discover?
5. What are “animalcules”?
6. What did Schleiden discover?
7. What did Schwann discover?
8. What did Virchow discover?
9. List the three statements included in the cell theory?
10. If a microscope’s eyepiece has a magnification of 10X and an objective lens
magnification of 40X. What is the total magnification of the microscope?
11. What is a prokaryote?
12. What is a eukaryote?
13. What does the word “cell” literally mean?
14. List the function for the following cellular organelles:
a. cell membrane d. E. R.
g. mitochondria
j. vacuoles
b. cell wall
e. Golgi bodies
h. nucleolus
c. chloroplasts
f. lysosomes
i. ribosomes
15. Explain the difference between the shape of the animal cell and the plant cell.
16. Which cellular organelle is often referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell?
17. Which cellular organelle is often referred to as the “protein factory” of the cell?
18. How does the vacuole of a plant cell differ from the vacuole of an animal cell?