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Postgraduate specialized study:
ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
DESCRIPITON
This postgraduate program is designed to train physicians in ultrasound diagnostic in obstetrics and gynecology. The
goal of the study is to enable students for ultrasound practice. Ultrasound as a separate subject before graduation on
the Medical School does not exist, although it is integrated in diagnosis and therapy procedures in almost every
branch of medicine. Therefore, this program is the only possible way of organized education that enables students to
get appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge in this field. Licensure for independent practice with ultrasound
is issued by the state authorities (Chamber of Physicians, Ministry of Health....).
The study consists of six basic (obligatory) subjects and the choice of seven elective topics, where the candidate
should choose three.
Basic topics are:
- Basic science (physics and technology)
- Ultrasound in infertility
- Ultrasound in gynecology
- Ultrasound in obstetrics
- Ultrasound and breast
- Medical statistics
TOTAL 286 hours (42,9 ECTS)
Elective topics are (3 should be chosen):
- Ultrasound and menopause
- Application of 3D and 4D ultrasound
- Ultrasound in neonatology
- Early Human development
- Interventional ultrasound in O&G
- Ultrasound in adolescence
- Echocardiography
TOTAL 120 hours (18 ECTS)
The course lasts one academic year, offering 406 hours and equivalent in 60.9 ECTS. The program consists of
lectures, seminars and practical work, with the point on practical work (more than 50% of the program). After
completing full training program, the candidate is completely capable of working in all diagnostic and therapeutic
procedures involving ultrasound equipment in obstetrics and gynecology. There are identical studies on Croatian and
English
language.
Organizers
University of Zagreb, Medical School, Sveti Duh Hospital
Duration of the study
1 academic year 2 semesters
Necessary requirements
recognized diploma of completed undergraduate education, resident or specialist
of O & G, license
If some of the candidates do not complete the program within the defined period of time for study, they can continue
in the next academic year. In these circumstances, they have to attend all missing lectures and pass the separate
exams and final exam.
Practical experience assessment
Log book
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Practical experience 100 examinations under supervision in gynae including early pregnancy
100 examinations in obstetrics
Description of 30 slučajeva with image on 1 A4 page
Minimum 15 fetal malformations and 15 gynae cases
Study leader:
Ratko Matijevic, MD, PhD, MRCOG
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The content of main subjects
BASIC ULTRASOUND (PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY)
Subject leader: Prof. Jasminka Kraljević, PhD
Semester: I
Hours: lectures 8, seminars 8, practical work 16 (ECTS: 4.8)
Content: Definition of ultrasound wave (wave modes, wavelength, frequency, propagation speed, frequency).
Interaction of waves with matter (reflection, refraction, scattering, absorption, attenuation). Relation of phenomena in
the time and frequency domains. Ultrasound transducer, ultrasound beam, focusing methods, ultrasound probes.
Principle of echography (ultrasound scanner). Resolution (methods of manipulation of resolution and sensitivity,
optimum scanner adjustment). Ultrasound contrasts. Harmonic imaging. 3D scanners. Tissue characterization,
artifacts. Ultrasound measurements and errors. The Doppler effect. Doppler instrumentation. Limitations of various
Doppler systems. Measurement errors and scanner adjustment. Ultrasound therapy systems. Safety of ultrasound
and possible sources of hazard. Scanner specification. Price - performance relation.
Collaborator: TBA
Literature:
1. B. Breyer, Ž. Andreic: Basic principles of ultrasonic imaging. In: Handbook of ultrasound in obstetrics and
gynecology, A. Kurjak, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, 1990
2. S.B. Barnett, G. Kossoff: Safety of diagnostic ultrasound, Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 1998
3. J.B. Fowlkes, C.K. Holland: Mechanical bio effect from diagnostic ultrasound; AIUM Consensus Statements,
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 19, 2000
Evaluation: written MCQ examination
ULTRASOUND AND INFERTILITY
Subject leaders: Ass.prof. Biserka Funduk Kurjak, MD, PhD, Prof. Veljko Vlaisavljević, MD, PhD
Semester: I
Hours: lectures 12, seminars 8, practical work 16 (ECTS: 5.4)
Content: Basic principles of human reproduction. Menstrual cycle. Ultrasound monitoring of the ovarian and
endometrial changes in spontaneous cycles. Abnormalities of the menstrual cycle. Uterine causes of infertility. Uterine
anomalies: diagnosis and treatment. Ultrasound monitoring of ovarian and endometrial changes in stimulated cycle.
Ovarian causes of infertility. Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Tubal causes of infertility. The role of ultrasound and
Doppler in performing interventional procedures in human reproduction. Hysterosonosalpingography using echo
enhancing contrast and color Doppler ultrasound. The role of ultrasound in “in vitro” fertilization and other assisted
conception techniques.
Collaborators: Prof. Asim Kurjak, MD, PhD, Prof. A. Salihagić, MD,PhD, R. Bauman, MD, W Andonotopo, MD, PhD
Literature:
1. S. Kupesic, A. Kurjak. Slide atlas in human reproduction, Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 1997.
2. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: Video tape on transvaginal color Doppler in gynecology and infertility, Parthenon Publishing,
London, 1997.
3. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: A slide atlas of three-dimensional ultrasound in gynecology and obstetrics. Parthenon
Publishing Group, London-New York, 1998.
4. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: Color Doppler in obstetrics, gynecology and infertility. Art Studio Azinović-Medison, ZagrebSeoul, 1999
5. S. Kupesic, D. De Ziegler: Ultrasound and infertility. Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 2000
6. A. Kurjak, F.A. Chervenak: Donald School Textbook of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology, Jaypee Brothers,
New Delhi, 2003
Evaluation: practical exam – examination of the patients, description of the images and written MCQ exam
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ULTRASOUND IN GYNAECOLOGY
Subject leader: Prof. Asim Kurjak, MD, PhD
Semester: I i II
Hours: lectures 20, seminars 20, practical work 50 (ECTS: 13.5)
Content: Ultrasound imaging of female reproductive system. Endometriosis. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Ectopic
pregnancy. Intrauterine device. Benign and malignant uterine tumors. Benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Fallopian
tube lesions. Differential diagnosis of pelvic masses. Interventional ultrasound in gynecology. Transperineal
ultrasound. Low urinary tract. Gynecologic ultrasound in emergency room. Sonographic pearls and pitfalls.
Color Doppler in gynecology, Normal blood flow. Uterine and ovarian blood flow changes during normal menstrual
cycle, Blood flow changes in inflammatory processes, Angiogenesis and neovascularisation Doppler parameters of
benign and malignant tumors of female genital tract.
Collaborators: Prof. Ivica Zalud, MD, PhD, Ass.prof. M. Kopjar, MD, PhD, Bauman, MD, B Ujević MD, M Kerner MD,
W Andonotopo MD,PhD, I Marton MD,
Literature:
1. A. Kurjak et al: Slide atlas - gynecology, volume 2, Parthenon Publishing, London- New York 1994.
2. A. Kurjak: An atlas of transvaginal color Doppler: the current state of art (the encyclopedia of visual medicine
series). Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 1994.
3. A. Kurjak: Ultrasound and ovary (Progress in obstetrics and gynecological sonography series). Parthenon
Publishing, London-New York, 1994.
4. R. Osmers, A. Kurjak: Ultrasound and the uterus (Progress in obstetrics and gynecological sonography series).
Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 1995.
5. I.E. Timor Tritsch, A. Kurjak: Ultrasound and the Fallopian tube (Progress in obstetrics and gynecological
sonography series)., Parthenon Publishing, New-York- London, 1996.
6. A.C. Fleischer, A. Kurjak, S. Granberg: Ultrasound and the endometrium. (Progress in obstetrics and gynecological
sonography series). Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 1997.
7. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: A slide atlas of three-dimensional ultrasound in gynecology and obstetrics. Parthenon
Publishing Group, London-New York, 1998.
8. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: An atlas of transvaginal color Doppler, Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 2000
9. Kurjak A, Chervenak FA, Carrera JM. Donald School Atlas of fetal anomalies. Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 2007
10. Kurjak A, Bajo Arenas J. Donald School Textbook of transvaginal sonography. Jaypee Brothers New Delhi, 2005
Evaluation: practical exam – patient examination, description of images; written MCQ exam
ULTRASAUND IN OBSTETRICS
Subject leader: Prof. Snježana Škrablin - Kučić, MD, PhD, Ass.prof. Ratko Matijević, MD,PhD, MRCOG
Semester: I and II
Hours: lectures 20, seminars 20, practical work 50 (ECTS: 13.5)
Content: Estimation of gestational age. Fetal dimensions in estimation of gestational age. Factors influencing fetal
growth. Retarded and accelerated fetal growth. Ultrasound in estimation of the fetal growth. Ultrasound estimation of
fetal weight and fetal maturity. Causes and classification of congenital anomalies. Ultrasound in detection of fetal
anomalies (vaginal and abdominal approach). Normal fetal anatomy. Anomalies in first trimester of pregnancy.
Anomalies of the cranium and its contents, neck, fetal face, spine, fetal chest, heart and great arteries,
gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts, abdominal wall and skeletal system. Multiple anomalies. Fetal tumors.
Nonimmune fetal hydrops. Polyhydramnios. Oligohydramnios. Genetic counselling. Most frequent syndromes.
Mendelian modes of inheritance; multifactorial inheritance; chromosome abnormalities. The methods of antenatal
diagnosis (CVS, early amniocentesis, cordocentesis, organ biopsy). Ultrasound markers and biochemical analysis in
detection of risk fetuses. Fetal therapy. Medical legal aspects of antenatal diagnosis and fetal therapy. Rights of the
fetus. Antenatal care. Influence of ultrasound on perinatal mortality. Development, growth and functions of placenta.
Ultrasound estimation of early placentation. Embryology including normal and abnormal development and
sonoembryology of major systems. Pathology of early pregnancy. Pathology of the placenta (placenta praevia,
abruption of placenta, tumors). Ultrasound examination of placenta. The role of amniotic fluid. Ultrasound examination
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of amniotic fluid volume. Spontaneous abortion and premature delivery. Transvaginal sonography of the cervix. The
role of ultrasound in diabetic pregnancy, EPH-gestosis, multiple pregnancy, RH-immunization. Ultrasound in the
treatment of fetal haemolytic disease. Survey of fetus in pregnancy and delivery. Ultrasound in estimation of fetal
condition. Fetal activity. Fetal behaviour. Trophoblastic disease and magnetic resonance imaging.
Collaborators: Prof. A. Kurjak, MD,PhD, Prof. Višnja Latin, MD, PhD, Prof. Zarko Alfirević, MD, PhD, Prof. Frank
Chervenak, MD, PhD, D. Habek, MD, PhD, W Andonotopo, MD,PhD, M. Kos,MD,PhD, T. Hafner,MD,MSc,
B.Mišković, MD,MSc, I Marton MD, PhD
Literature:
1. A. Kurjak: An atlas of ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology, ed. A. Kurjak, Parthenon Publishing, LondonNew Jersey, USA, 1992.
2. A. Kurjak: A slide atlas of ultrasound in obstetrics. Parthenon Publishing, London- New York, 1994.
3. A. Kurjak: Textbook of perinatal medicine. Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 1998.
4. A. Kurjak, F.A. Chervenak: Donald School Textbook of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology, Jaypee Brothers,
New Delhi, 2003
5. K.H. Nicolaides, N.J. Sebire, J.M. Snijders. The 11-14-week scan. Parthenon Publishing, New York-London, 1999
6. G. Pilu, K.H. Nicolaides. Diagnosis of fetal abnormalities: The 18-23 weeks scan. Parthenon Publishing, New YorkLondon, 1999.
7. Kurjak A, Chervenak FA, Carrera JM. Donald School Atlas of fetal anomalies. Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 2007
9. Kurjak A, Bajo Arenas J. Donald School Textbook of transvaginal sonography. Jaypee Brothers New Delhi, 2005
Evaluation: practical exam – patient examination, description of images; writen MCQ exam
ULTRASOUND AND BREAST
Subject leader: Prof. Boris Brkljačić, MD, PhD
Semester: I
Hours: lectures 6, seminars 4, practical work 12 (ECTS: 3.3)
Content: Anatomy of the breast. The methods of breast examination: clinical, mammography, ultrasound and other
methods. Inflammations. Benign and malignant masses.
Collaborators: E. Pichler, MD, PhD, Prof B.Breyer,PhD, Prof. V. Šeparović, MD, PhD, E. Čepulic, MD,MSc
Literature:
1. E. Tohno, D.O. Cosgrove, J.P. Sloane: Ultrasound diagnosis of breast disease Churchill Livingstone, New York,
1994
2. E. Pichler: Sonography of breast tumors. Acta Clin Croat 1997;36:169-72
3. S.Heywang-Kobruner: Diagnostic breast imaging: mamography, senography, MRI and interventional procedures.
Thieme, Stuttgart-New York, 1997
4. H. Madjar: The practice of breast ultrasound: Techniques, findings, differential diagnosis. Thieme, Stuttgart-New
York, 2000
5. Fact sheet on breast cancer: www.at.com/ref_lib/br/fact_sheet.html
Evaluation: practical exam – patient examination, description of images; writen MCQ exam
MEDICAL STATISTICS
Subject leader: Prof.Davor Ivanković, PhD
Semester: I
Hours: lectures 4, seminars 6, practical work 6 (ECTS: 2.4)
Content: Characteristics and peculiarities of statistical data analysis models (experimental design, quasiexperimental
design, population surveys, organization functioning). Sampling. Confidence interval. Validity tests of diagnostic
procedures, ROC analysis. Risk estimation. Standardization. General linear model. Space reduction. Discriminant
analysis. Time series analysis. Quality of health care assessment. Critical analysis of statistical analytical procedures
and conclusions applied in selected papers published in medical journals.
Collaborators: Prof.S. Vuletic,PhD Z. Sonicki, MD,MSc
Literature:
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1. E.H. Shortliffe, L.E. Perreault: Medical informatics. Computer applications in health care. Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts, 1990
2. E. Coiera: Guide to medical informatics, the Internet and Telemedicine. Chapman & Hall Medica, London, 1997.
3. J. van Bemmel, M.A. Musen: Handbook of medical informatics. Houten, Bohn Staflen Van Loghum, 1997.
Evaluation: oral exam
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Elective subjects
ULTRASOUND AND MENOPAUSE
Subject leader: Prof. Asim Kurjak, MD, PhD; Ass.prof. Biserka Funduk Kurjak, MD, PhD
Semester: II
Hours: lectures 10, seminars 5, practical work 25 (ECTS: 6,0)
Content: Ultrasound assessment of the uterus and ovaries in perimenopausal and postmenopausal period.
Transvaginal color Doppler in the assessment of circulatory changes during the menopause. Role of ultrasound in the
assessment of the postmenopausal patients with vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound and Doppler findings of endometrial
hyperplasia, endometrial polyps and endometrial carcinoma. Detection and staging of endometrial carcinoma by
different forms of ultrasound. Adnexal lesions in postmenopausal period. Ultrasound and Doppler assessment of the
patients receiving hormonal replacement therapy. Ultrasound and Doppler changes in uterine morphology and
circulation in patients undergoing tamoxifen treatment. Role of ultrasound in the assessment of urogynecological
disorders. The use of transperineal ultrasound in postmenopausal patients.
Collaborators: Prof. Veljko Vlaisavljević, MD, PhD, R. Bauman, MD, B Ujevic MD, M Kerner MD
Literature:
1. A. Kurjak i suradnici: An atlas of ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology, Parthenon Publishing, London-New
York, 1992.
2. A. Kurjak i suradnici: Slide atlas - gynecology, volume 2, Parthenon Publishing, London-New York 1994.
3. A. Kurjak: An atlas of transvaginal color Doppler: the current state of art (the encyclopedia of visual medicine
series). Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 1994.
4. A. Kurjak: Ultrasound and ovary (Progress in obstetrics and gynecological sonography series). Parthenon
Publishing, London-New York, 1994.
5. R. Osmers, A. Kurjak: Ultrasound and the uterus (Progress in obstetrics and gynecological sonography series).
Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 1995.
6. I.E. Timor Tritsch, A. Kurjak: Ultrasound and the Fallopian tube (Progress in obstetrics and gynecological
sonography series)., Parthenon Publishing, New-York- London, 1996.
7. A.C. Fleischer, A. Kurjak, S. Granberg: Ultrasound and the endometrium. (Progress in obstetrics and gynecological
sonography series). Parthenon Publishing London-New York, 1997.
8. A. Kurjak, M. Kos: Temelji ultrazvuène dijagnostike u ginekologiji i porodništvu. Art Studio Azinoviæ, Zagreb, 1998.
9. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: An atlas of transvaginal color Doppler, Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 2000
10. S. Kupesic: Color Doppler and 3D ultrasound in gynecology, infertility and obstetrics, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi,
2003
11. Kurjak A, Bajo Arenas J. Donald School Textbook of transvaginal sonography. Jaypee Brothers New Delhi, 2005
Evaluation: practical exam – patient examination, description of images; written MCQ exam
APPLICATION OF 3D AND 4D ULTRASOUND
Study leader: Prof. Asim Kurjak, MD, PhD
Semester: II
Hours: lectures 10, seminars 5, practical work 25 (ECTS: 6,0)
Content: Basic principles and physics of three-dimensional ultrasound. Threedimensional power Doppler ultrasound.
Uterine cavity and myometrium assessed by three-dimensional ultrasound. Uterine anomalies. Role of threedimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis of the intracavitary lesions (submucous leiomyoma, endometrial polyps,
intrauterine synechiae). Role of three-dimensional ultrasound in the assessment of infertility. Assessment of the IUD
location by three-dimensional ultrasound. Role of three-dimensional ultrasound in detection of endometrial carcinoma.
Staging of endometrial carcinoma by three-dimensional and power Doppler ultrasound. Ovarian lesions assessed by
3D and power Doppler ultrasound. Three-dimensional power Doppler improves detection of the malignant pelvic
tumors. Three-dimensional ultrasound of benign and malignant lesions of the Fallopian tube assessed by threedimensional ultrasound. Three-dimensional ultrasound and power Doppler hysterosonosalpingography. Assessment
of urogynecological disorders by three-dimensional multiplanar imaging. Three-dimensional sonoembryology.
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Gestational sac volume assessed by three-dimensional ultrasound. Volume and vascularity of the yolk sac assessed
by three-dimensional and power Doppler ultrasound. Pathology of early pregnancy (missed abortion, blighted ovum)
assessed by three-dimensional ultrasound. Ultrasound markers for chromosomopathies assessed by multiplanar
imaging and surface rendering. Fetal malformations (abnormalities of the fetal brain and spinal cord, face, heart and
great arteries, lungs, diaphragm, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts, abdominal wall and skeletal system) assessed
by three-dimensional ultrasound. Normal and abnormal fetal face assessed by three-dimensional ultrasound. Multiple
fetal malformations. The role of three-dimensional power Doppler in the assessment of fetal and placental circulation.
Three-dimensional ultrasound improves the accuracy in performing ultrasonically guided procedures. Fetal behaviour
and fetal physiology
Collaborators: Prof. B. Breyer,PhD, Prof. I Žalud, MD, PhD, Prof. Aida Salihagić, MD, PhD, M. Stanojević,MD,PhD,
W Andonotipo, MD, PhD, R. Bauman,MD, T. Hafner,MD,Msc
Literature:
1. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: Slide atlas of three-dimensional ultrasound in gynecology and obstetrics. Parthenon
Publishing, London-New York, 1998
2. A. Kurjak: Three-dimensional power Doppler in obstetrics and gynecology. Parthenon Publishing, New YorkLondon, 1999
3. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: Clinical application of 3D sonography. Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 2000
4. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: An atlas of transvaginal color Doppler. Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 2000
5. S. Kupesic, D. De Ziegler: Ultrasound and infertility. Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 2000
6. A. Kurjak, D. Jackson: An atlas of three- and four-dimensional sonography in obstetrics and gynecology. Parthenon
Publishing, London-New York, 2004
7. Kurjak A, Chervenak FA, Carrera JM. Donald School Atlas of fetal anomalies. Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 2007
8. Kurjak A, Bajo Arenas J. Donald School Textbook of transvaginal sonography. Jaypee Brothers New Delhi, 2005
9. Kurjak A, Azumendi G. Fetus in three dimensions Informa, London 2007
Evaluation: images description and writen MCQ exam
ULTRASOUND IN NEONATLOGY
Subject leader: M. Stanojević, MD, PhD
Semester: II,
Hours: lectures 10, seminars 5, practical work 25 (ECTS: 6,0)
Content: The use of ultrasound in neonatal surgery. Ultrasound in diagnosis of hip displasia. Hypoxic-ishemic brain
damage in pre-term and term neonates. Periintraventricular hemorrhage in pre-term babies. Intracranial
malformations. Intracranial ultrasound in early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental handicap in children with perinatal
brain damage. Transcranial Doppler in newborns.
Collaborators: Prof. Vlatka Bošnjak Mejaški, MD, PhD
Literature:
1. H.W. Taeusch, R.A. Ballard: Avery’s disease of the newborn. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia-LondonToronto-Montreal-Sidney-Tokyo, 1998
2. G.B. Merenstein, S.I. Gardner: Handbook of neonatal intensive care. Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1998
3. J.O. Haller: Textbook of neonatal ultrasound. Parthenon Publishing, New York- London, 1997
4. A.Q. Fischer, J.C. Anderson, R.M. Shuman, W. Stinson: Pediatric neurosonography. Clinical, tomographic and
neuropathological correlates. A Willey Medical Publication, New York-Chicester-Brisbane-Toronto-Singlapore, 1985
Evaluation: images description and writen MCQ exam
EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Subject leader: Prof. Ljiljana Kostović-Knežević, MD,PhD
Semester: II
Hours: lectures 10, seminars 5, practical work 25 (ECTS: 6,0)
Content: Human embryo before ultrasound visualization. Embryo staging according to morphological features.
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Key events and morphogenetic processes during embryogenesis. Differentiation of the tissues and organ primordia.
Molecular basis of early development: network of gene cascades, inductive and suppressive events during cellular
and tissue differentiation. Experimental mammalian models in understanding of early normal and abnormal human
development. Etiopathogenetic factors involved in abnormal embryo development. Isolation and application of
embryonic stem cells in experimental models.
Collaborators: Prof. D. Ježek, MD,PhD, Prof. S. Gajović, MD, PhD, D. Mitrečić, MD, PhD
Literature:
1. Langman’s Medical Embryology, ed. Sadler TW. 10th edition. Williams and Wilkins,Baltimore-Sidney, 2006.
2. Human Embryology,ed. Larsen WJ. 3th edition, Churchill Livingstone, New York Edinburg London Philadelphia
3. Donald School Atlas of Clinical Application of Ultrasound in Obstetric & Gynecology, ed. Carrera JM, Kurjak A. 1th
edition. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 2006.
4. Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetric & Gynecology, ed. Kurjak A. Chervenak FA. 1th edition.
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 2004.
Evaluation: oral exam
INTERVENTIONAL ULTRASUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
Subject leader: Ass.prof. R Matijević, MD,PhD, MRCOG
Semester: II
Hours: lectures 10, seminars 5, practical work 25 (ECTS: 6,0)
Content:: Introduction to interventional ultrasound (procedure and principles of the ultrasonically guided puncture,
prerequisites, equipment, safety precautions). Handling of aspirated materials (fine-needle aspiration cytology,
preparation of the smear, cytological evaluation of the smear, fine-needle histological sampling, microscopic
evaluation of benign and malignant lesions). Puncture of gynecologicalmasses (selection of the patients, indication,
technique of the ultrasonically guided puncture in gynecology, follow-up of the patients). Ultrasonically guided
aspiration of human oocytes (equipment, indications, in vitro fertilization and embryotransfer). Intrauterine diagnostic
procedures (chorion biopsy, early and late amniocentesis, fetal blood sampling, heart puncture, puncture of the
umbilical vein, skin biopsy, puncture of fetal cysts). Multifetal pregnancy reduction.
Collaborators: Prof. A. Kurjak,MD,PhD, Prof. Snjezana Skrablin Kučić, MD, PhD, Prof. Žarko Alfirevic, MD, PhD, D
Habek, MD, PhD, R. Bauman, MD, B. Mišković,MD,MSc, T. Hafner, MD,MSc
Literature:
1. A. Kurjak et al: An atlas of ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology, Parthenon Publishing, London-New York,
1992.
2. A. Kurjak et al: Slide atlas - gynecology, volume 2, Parthenon Publishing, London- New York 1994.
3. A. Kurjak: An atlas of transvaginal color Doppler: the current state of art (the encyclopedia of visual medicine
series). Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 1994.
4. M.I. Evans, C.H. Rodeck. Ultrasound and fetal therapy. Parthenon Publishing, New York-London, 2000
5. A. Kurjak, M. Kos: Temelji ultrazvuène dijagnostike u ginekologiji i porodništvu. Art Studio Azinoviæ, Zagreb, 1998.
6. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: A slide atlas of three-dimensional ultrasound in gynecology and obstetrics. Parthenon
Publishing Group, London-New York, 1998.
7. S. Weiner, A. Kurjak. Interventional ultrasound. Parthenon Publishing, New York- London, 1999
8. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: An atlas of transvaginal color Doppler, Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 2000
9. S. Kupesic, D. De Ziegler: Ultrasound and infertility. Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 2000
10.Donald School Atlas of Clinical Application of Ultrasound in Obstetric & Gynecology, ed. Carrera JM, Kurjak A.
1th edition. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 2006.
11. Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetric & Gynecology, ed. Kurjak A. Chervenak FA. 1th edition.
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 2004.
Evaluation: images description and writen MCQ exam
Spec. study ULTRASOUND, Page 10
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Study leaders: Prof. Ivo Malčić, MD,PhD, Milan Stanojević, MD,PhD
Semester: II
Hours: lectures 10, seminars 5, practical work 25 (ECTS: 6,0)
Content: Normal echocardiographic imaging. Doppler method in echocardiography. Echocardiography in mitral and
aortic valve disease. Echocardiographic diagnosis of intracardiac masses. Echocardiography in pericardial diseases.
Transesophageal and interventional echocardiography. Specific features of echocardiography in children. Congenital
cardiac diseases with right-left shunt. Two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography. Congenital cardiac diseases with
left-right shunt. Valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathies.
Collaborators: Prof.B. Marinović,MD,PhD, Prof. Ivo Čikeš, MD,PhD, U.Marton, MD, MSc
Literature:
1. I. Čikeš: Echocardiography in cardiac interventions. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston-Dordrecht-London, 1989
2. J.R.T.C. Roelandt, G.R. Sutherland, S. Iliceto, D.T. Linker, eds. Cardiac ultrasound. Churchill Livingstone,
Edinburgh-London-Madrid-Melbourne-New York- Tokyo, 1993
3. H. Feigenbaum. Echocardiography, 5th ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia- Baltimore-Hong Kong-London-MunichSidney-Tokyo, 1994
Evaluation: oral exam
ULTRASOUND IN ADOLESECNECE
Subject leader: Ass.Prof. Biserka Funduk-Kurjak, MD, PhD
Semester: II
Hours: lectures 10, seminars 5, practical work 25 (ECTS: 6,0)
Content: Transabdominal and transperineal ultrasound in pediatric and adolescent patients. Anatomy of
gynecological structures in childhood and adolescency. Menstrual cycle disorders. Primary and secondary
amenorrhea. Functional ovarian cysts. Gynecologic tumors in childhood and adolescency: diagnosis, follow-up and
management. Menstrual disorders: role of ultrasound and Doppler findings. Oral contraception: ultrasound
assessment of the uterus and ovaries. Collaborators: R. Bauman, MD, M Kerner, MD
Literature:
1. J.C. Anderson: Gynecologic imaging. Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1999
2. S.R. Goldstein, I.E. Timor-Tritsch: Ultrasound in gynecology. Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1995
3. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: An atlas of transvaginal color Doppler. Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 2000
4. A. Kurjak i suradnici: Slide atlas - gynecology, volume 2, Parthenon Publishing,
London-New York 1994.
5. A. Kurjak: An atlas of transvaginal color Doppler: the current state of art (the encyclopedia of visual medicine
series). Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 1994.
6. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: A slide atlas of three-dimensional ultrasound in gynecology and obstetrics. Parthenon
Publishing Group, London-New York, 1998.
7. A. Kurjak, S. Kupešiæ, M. Kos: Ultrazvuk u klinièkoj medicini, Art Studio Azinoviæ, Zagreb, 2000.
8. A. Kurjak, S. Kupesic: An atlas of transvaginal color Doppler, Parthenon Publishing, London-New York, 2000
9. A. Kurjak, F.A. Chervenak: Donald School Textbook of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology, Jaypee Brothers,
New Delhi, 2003
Evaluation: images description and oral exam
Spec. study ULTRASOUND, Page 11
Table 1. The list of basic and elective subjects with ECTS
ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Hours
ECTS
First and second trimester
Basic subjects
BASIC SCIENCS (PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY)
ULTRASOUND AND INFERTILITY
ULTRASOUND IN GYNECOLOGY
ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS
ULTRASOUND AND BREAST
MEDICAL STATISTICS
Total
32
90
36
90
22
16
286
4.8
13.5
5.4
13.5
3.3
2.4
42.9
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
120
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
18
ELECTIVE SUBJECTS
286
120
42.9
18
TOTAL FOR STUDY
406
60.9
Second semester
Elective subjects (three should be chosen)
ULTRASOUND AND MENOPAUSE
APPLICATUION OD 3D AND 4D ULTRASOUND IN O & G
ULTRASOUND IN NEONATOLOGY
EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
INTERVENTIONAL ULTRASOUND IN O & G
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
ULTRASOUND IN ADOLESCENCE
Total (for 3 subjects)
BASIC SUBJECTS