Breakdown of papers
Pesticides
Hydrocarbons
Disinfection By-products
Relevant Modeling Papers
Pesticides
Title: Changes in concentrations of triazine and acetamide herbicides by bank
filtration, ozonation, and chlorination in a public water supply
Author(s): Verstraeten IM, Thurman EM, Lindsey ME, Lee EC, Smith RD
Source: JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 266 (3-4): 190-208 SEP 15 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 40
Times Cited: 5
Abstract: The changes in triazine and acetamide concentrations in water during natural
and artificial treatment by bank filtration, ozonation, filtration, and chlorination were
measured at the well field and drinking water treatment plant of Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
The city's groundwater supply is affected by induced infiltration and transport of triazines
and acetamide herbicides from the Platte River in late spring and early summer. The
objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of infiltration and treatment on the
presence of triazines and acetamides in drinking water. Samples of river water, well
water, and public supply water at various stages of water treatment were collected from
1997-1999 during spring-runoff when the presence of herbicides in the Platte River is
largest. In 1999, parent compounds were reduced by 76% of the concentration present
in river water (33% by bank filtration, 41% by ozonation, and 1.5% by chlorination).
Metabolites of herbicides for which analytical techniques existed were reduced by 21%
(plus 26% by bank filtration, minus 23% by ozonation, and minus 24% by chlorination).
However, increases in concentrations of specific metabolite compounds were identified
after bank filtration and ozonation. After bank filtration, increases in cyanazine amide,
cyanazine acid, and deethyleyanazine acid were identified. After ozonation,
concentrations of deisopropylatrazine, deethylatrazine, didealkylatrazine, atrazine amideI, hydroxydeethylatrazine, hydroxydeisopopylatrazine, deethylcyanazine acid, and
deethylcyanazine increased. Concentrations of cyanazine acid and ethanesulfonic and
oxanilic acids of acetamides decreased during ozonation. Our findings suggest that bank
filtration and ozonation of water in part can shift the assessment of risk to human health
associated with the consumption of the water from the parent compounds to their
degradation products. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Author Keywords: Triazines; Acetamides; metabolites; bank filtration; ozonation; public
water supply; water treatment
KeyWords Plus: LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES;
SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; SURFACE WATERS; GROUNDWATER; CHLOROACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; ATRAZINE; METABOLITES; OZONE
Addresses: Verstraeten IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8987 Yellow Brick Rd,
Baltimore, MD 21237 USA
US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA
US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA
City Lincoln Water Syst, Ashland, NE 68003 USA
Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: Changes in concentrations of triazine and acetamide herbicides by bank
filtration, ozonation, and chlorination in a public water supply (vol 266, pg 190,
2002)
Author(s): Verstraeten IM, Thurman EM, Lindsey ME, Lee EC, Smith RD
Source: JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 276 (1-4): 287-288 MAY 15 2003
Document Type: Correction
Language: English
Cited References: 1
Times Cited: 0
Addresses: Verstraeten IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8987 Yellow Brick Rd,
Baltimore, MD 21237 USA
US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA
US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA
City Lincoln Water Syst, Ashland, NE 68003 USA
Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, CIVIL; GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY; WATER
RESOURCES
IDS Number: 689BF
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: Spatial and temporal distribution of herbicides and herbicide degradates in
a shallow glacial drift aquifer/surface water system, south-central Michigan
Author(s): Unterreiner CA, Kehew AE
Source: GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 25 (2): 87-95 SPR 2005
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 22
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: Herbicide and herbicide degradate compounds were measured in tile drains,
monitoring wells, domestic wells, and in the receiving stream at a farm in south-central
Michigan, in which corn, soybeans, and livestock are the major products. Immunoassay
screens of two herbicide groups (triazines and alachlor) in 2000 showed a decrease in the
number of detections from June to September, after the well-known spring flush, of 48%
to 26% for alachlor and 62% to 22% for the triazines. Gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of 2001 samples
documented a fall flush as well, mobilizing relatively high levels of both parent and
degradate compounds to the tile drain system. The compounds included both metolachlor
and atrazine, which were applied on the farm earlier that year, as well as the degradates
of alachlor, which had not been applied on the farm for several years. In four tile drain
samples, metolachlor was detected at concentrations ranging from 18 to 25 mu g/L,
whereas atrazine ranged from nondetect to 2.25 mu g/L. Contrary to previous studies,
metolachlor concentrations were higher than metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid, by a factor
of 3 to 7. The high soil permeability, high water table, and shallow screened intervals of
monitoring wells directly below the point of application may explain the lesser degree of
breakdown at the point of sampling. Although most detections were below maximum
contaminant level or health advisory levels, the unknown effects of degradates and the
aggregate levels of compounds measured in many samples may pose higher health risks
than for individual compounds.
KeyWords Plus: MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SURFACE-WATER; GROUND-WATER;
METABOLITES; TRANSPORT
Addresses: Unterreiner CA (reprint author), Indiana Dept Environm Management, Off
Land Qual Sci, Serv Branch, 100 N Senate Ave, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA
Indiana Dept Environm Management, Off Land Qual Sci, Serv Branch, Indianapolis, IN
46204 USA
Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geosci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA
E-mail Addresses: junterre@dem.state.in.us, alan.kehew@wmich.edu
Publisher: BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA
PDF File Found? No
Title: Surface water-ground water interaction: Herbicide transport into
municipal collector wells
Author(s): Verstraeten IM, Carr JD, Steele GV, Thurman EM, Bastian KC, Dormedy DF
Source: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 28 (5): 1396-1405 SEP-OCT 1999
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 22
Times Cited: 9
Abstract: During spring runoff events, herbicides in the Platte River are transported
through an alluvial aquifer into collector wells located on an island in the river in 6 to 7
d. During two spring runoff events in 1995 and 1996, atrazine [ 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6isopropylamino-s-triazine] concentrations in water from these vc;ells reached
approximately 7 mu g/L, 70 times more than the background concentration in ground
water, Concentrations of herbicides and metabolites in the collector wells generally
were one-half to one-fifth the concentrations of herbicides in the river for atrazine,
alachlor [2-chloro-2'-6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide], alachlor ethane-sulfonic
acid (ESA) [2-((2,6-diethylphenyl) (methoxymethyl)amino)-2-oxoethane-sulfonic acid],
metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-( oxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide],
cyanazine [2-((4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5 triazin-2-yl)-amino)-2-methylpropionitrile],
and acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6methyl-phenyl) acetamide],
suggesting that 20 to 50% river water could be present in the water from the collector
wells, assuming no degradation, The effect of the river on the quality of water from the
collector wells can be reduced through selective management of horizontal laterals of
the collector wells, The quality of the water from the collector wells is dependent on
the (i) selection of the collector well used, (ii) number and selection of laterals used, (iii)
chemical characteristics of the contaminant, and (iv) relative mixing of the Platte River
and a major upstream tributary.
KeyWords Plus: LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION;
ATRAZINE; AQUIFER
Addresses: Verstraeten IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 100 Centennial Mall N,
Lincoln, NE 68508 USA
US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA
Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA
Publisher: AMER SOC AGRONOMY, 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
PDF File Found? No
Title: Analysis of selected herbicide metabolites in surface and ground water of
the United States
Author(s): Scribner EA, Thurman EM, Zimmermann LR
Source: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 248 (2-3): 157-167 APR 5 2000
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 35
Times Cited: 17
Abstract: One of the primary goals of the US Geological Survey (USGS) Laboratory in
Lawrence, Kansas, is to develop analytical methods for the analysis of herbicide
metabolites in surface and ground water that are vital to the study of herbicide fate and
degradation pathways in the environment. Methods to measure metabolite concentrations
from three major classes of herbicides - triazine, chloroacetanilide and phenyl-urea have been developed. Methods for triazine metabolite detection cover nine compounds:
six compounds are detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; one is detected
by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection; and eight are
detected by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Two metabolites of the
chloroacetanilide herbicides ethane sulfonic acid and oxanilic acid - are detected by highperformance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and liquid
chromatography/mass spectrometry. Alachlor ethane sulfonic acid also has been detected
by solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Six phenylurea
metabolites are all detected by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry; four of the six
metabolites also are detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Additionally,
surveys of herbicides and their metabolites in surface water, ground water, lakes,
reservoirs, and rainfall have been conducted through the USGS laboratory in Lawrence.
These surveys have been useful in determining herbicide and metabolite occurrence and
temporal distribution and have shown that metabolites may be useful in evaluation of
non-point-source contamination. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: metabolites; herbicides; chemical analysis; chemical degradation;
surface water; ground water
KeyWords Plus: LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION;
CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHLOROACETANILIDE HERBICIDES;
MIDWESTERN; DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; TRANSPORT; ATRAZINE; RAINFALL
Addresses: Scribner EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence,
KS 66049 USA
US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA
Univ Kansas, Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
PDF File Found? Yes
Hydrocarbons
Title: A PCE groundwater plume discharging to a river: influence of the
streambed and near-river zone on contaminant distributions
Author(s): Conant B, Cherry JA, Gillham RW
Source: JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 73 (1-4): 249-279 SEP 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 64
Times Cited: 1
Abstract: An investigation of a tetrachloroethene (PCE) groundwater plume originating
at a dry cleaning facility on a sand aquifer and discharging to a river showed that the
near-river zone strongly modified the distribution, concentration, and composition of the
plume prior to discharging into the surface water. The plume, streambed concentration,
and hydrogeology were extensively characterized using the Waterloo profiler, miniprofiler, conventional and driveable multilevel samplers (MLS), Ground Penetrating Radar
(GPR) surveys, streambed temperature mapping (to identify discharge zones), drivepoint
piezonieters, and soil coring and testing. The plume observed in the shallow streambed
deposits was significantly different from what would have been predicted based on the
characteristics of the upgradient plume. Spatial and temporal variations in the plume
entering the near-river zone contributed to the complex contaminant distribution
observed in the streambed where concentrations varied by factors of 100 to 5000 over
lateral distances of less than 1 to 3.5 m. Low hydraulic conductivity semi-confining
deposits and geological heterogeneities at depth below the streambed controlled the
pattern of groundwater discharge through the streambed and influenced where the plume
discharged into the river (even causing the plume to spread out over the full width of the
streambed at some locations). The most important effect of the near-river zone on the
plume was the extensive anaerobic biodegradation that occurred in the top 2.5 m of the
streambed, even though essentially no biodegradation of the PCE plume was observed in
the upgradient aquifer. Approxintately 54% of the area of the plume in the streambed
consisted solely of PCE transformation products, primarily cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE)
and vinyl chloride (VC). High concentrations in the interstitial water of the streambed did
not correspond to high groundwaterdischarge zones, but instead occurred in low
discharge zones and are likely sorbed or retarded remnants of past high-concentration
plume discharges. The high-concentration areas (up to 5529 mug/l of total volatile
organics) in the streambed are of ecological concern and represent potential adverse
exposure locations for benthic and hyporheic zone aquatic life, but the effect of these
exposures on the overall health of the river has yet to be determined. Even if the
upgradient source of PCE is remediated and additional PCE is prevented from reaching
the streambed, the high-concentration deposits in the streambed will likely take decades
to hundreds of years to flush completely clean under natural conditions because these
areas have low vertical groundwater flow velocities and high retardation factors. Despite
high concentrations of contaminants in the streambed, PCE was detected in the surface
water only rarely due to rapid dilution in the river and no cDCE or VC was detected.
Neither the sampling of surface water nor the sampling of the groundwater from the
aquifer immediately adjacent to the river gave an accurate indication of the high
concentrations of PCE biodegradation products present in the streambed. Sampling of the
interstitial water of the shallow streambed deposits is necessary to accurately
characterize the nature of plumes discharging to rivers. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved.
Author Keywords: groundwater; surface water; contaminant plumes; chlorinated
hydrocarbons; biodegradation; sediments
KeyWords Plus: SURFACE-WATER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT;
HYPORHEIC ZONE; IN-SITU; INTERFACE; SEDIMENTS; PATTERNS; AQUIFER; CARBON
Addresses: Conant B (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, 200 Univ Ave W,
Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
E-mail Addresses: bconantj@uwaterloo.ca
Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: Fate of environmental pollutants
Author(s): Darnault C
Source: WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH 76 (6): 2297-2344 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 94
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: This section covers studies published during the calendar year 2003 on the
fate of environmental pollutants in soil, groundwater and surface water resources.
Studies related to water quality and sources of pollution by environmental pollutants as
well as reaction kinetics and modeling are reviewed in detail. Also included in the
coverage of the present review is research on pollutants such as nutrients, xenobiotics,
pathogens, metals, and radionuclides.
KeyWords Plus: HEAVY-METAL CONCENTRATIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS VOCS;
UNITED-STATES; OVERLAND-FLOW; ARTIFICIAL RADIONUCLIDES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUMPARVUM; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; POTENTIAL POLLUTION;
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
Addresses: Darnault C (reprint author), Environm Engn & Technol Inc, Water Resources
Grp, 712 Gum Rock Court, Newport News, VA 23606 USA
Environm Engn & Technol Inc, Water Resources Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA
E-mail Addresses: cdarnault@eetinc.com
Publisher: WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION, 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA
22314-1994 USA
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;
LIMNOLOGY; WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: 905DM
ISSN: 1061-4303
PDF File Found? No
Title: MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF SUBSTITUTED BENZENES DURING
INFILTRATION OF RIVER WATER TO GROUNDWATER - LABORATORY COLUMN
STUDIES
Author(s): KUHN EP, COLBERG PJ, SCHNOOR JL, WANNER O, ZEHNDER AJB,
SCHWARZENBACH RP
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 19 (10): 961-968 1985
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 35
Times Cited: 116
Addresses: SWISS FED INST WATER RESOURCES & WATER POLLUT CONTROL,
DUBENDORF, CH-8600 SWITZERLAND
Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
IDS Number: ART38
ISSN: 0013-936X
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: Modeling RBF efficacy for migrating chemical shock loads
Author(s): Ray C
Source: JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 96 (5): 114-128 MAY 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 37
Times Cited: 1
Abstract: Riverbank filtration (RBF) offers several advantages over the direct use of
surface water. A number of dissolved and suspended contaminants of surface waterincluding pathogens and microscopic particles-are removed during passage of surface
water through the river sediment-aquifer system. Many dissolved chemicals undergo
biogeochemical reactions and dilution, leading to reductions in concentrations of parent
species. This research examined the potential of RBF systems to attenuate chemical
shock loads that may result from chemical spills or spring flooding in agricultural
watersheds. Scenarios simulated both horizontal and vertical wells, with riverbed and
bank hydraulic properties varying as a function of river stage. The solute transport
equation considered a range of reaction parameters. Sensitivity analysis showed that the
hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed or bank materials had a pronounced effect on
filtrate quality. For materials with low hydraulic conductivity, the effect on filtrate quality
would be minimal, and the lag time between the contaminant peak concentrations in the
surface water and the pumped water would be significant. However, further
biogeochemical modeling is needed to predict the fate of contaminants during their
transit to the pumping wells. Use of backup vertical wells or selected laterals of a
collector well could effectively mitigate the risks.
KeyWords Plus: RIVER WATER; COLLECTOR WELLS; DRINKING-WATER; SURFACEWATER; INFILTRATION; FILTRATION; GROUNDWATER; AQUIFER
Addresses: Ray C (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2540 Dole
St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
Univ Hawaii, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
Univ Hawaii, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
E-mail Addresses: cray@hawaii.edu
PDF File Found? No
Title: Laboratory tests for simulating attenuation processes of aromatic amines
in riverbank filtration
Author(s): Worch E, Grischek T, Bornick H, Eppinger P
Source: JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 266 (3-4): 259-268 SEP 15 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English Cited References: 18
Times Cited: 4
Abstract: Based on a two-step laboratory test including biodegradation and adsorption,
it is possible to derive a prognosis of the behaviour of organic compounds during
riverbank filtration and to prioritise the substances with regard to drinking water
quality. It is shown for aromatic amines, used as an example of organics found in River
Elbe water, Germany, how the simulation methods provide basic information about rate
constants of biological degradation and adsorption equilibrium constants under conditions
that are as realistic as possible. Biodegradation of nitroanilines and higher chlorinated
anilines is relatively slow and adsorption onto the sandy aquifer material is weak.
Accordingly, occurrence of these compounds in the production wells of the waterworks
cannot be excluded. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: bank filtration; aromatic amines; biodegradation; adsorption
KeyWords Plus: SORPTION; COEFFICIENTS; SEDIMENTS; WATER
Title: Contaminant transport in riverbank filtration in the presence of dissolved
organic matter and bacteria: a kinetic approach
Author(s): Kim SB, Corapcioglu MY
Source: JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 266 (3-4): 269-283 SEP 15 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 25
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: In riverbank filtration, the removal of organic contaminants is an important
task for the production of good quality drinking water. The transport of an organic
contaminant in riverbank filtration can be retarded by sorption on to the solid matrix
and facilitated by the presence of mobile colloids. In the presence of dissolved organic
matter (DOM) and bacteria, the subsurface environment can be modeled as a four-phase
porous medium: two mobile colloidal phases, an aqueous phase, and a solid matrix. In
this study, a kinetic model is developed to simulate the contaminant transport in
riverbank filtration in the presence of DOM and bacteria. The bacterial deposition and
the contaminant sorption on bacteria and DOM are expressed with kinetic expressions.
The model equations are solved numerically with a fully implicit finite difference method.
Simulation results show that the contaminant mobility increases greatly in riverbank
filtration due to the presence of DOM. The mobility can be enhanced further when the
bacteria and DOM are present together in the aquifer. In this system, the total aqueous
phase contaminant concentration, C-ct(+) includes the contaminant dissolved in the
aqueous phase, C-c(+) the contaminant sorbed to DOM, sigma(cd)(+), and the
contaminant sorbed to mobile bacteria, C(b)(+)sigma(cbm)(+),(i.e. C-ct(+) = C-c(+) +
sigma(cd)(+) + C-b(+) sigma(cbm)(+)) Sensitivity analysis illustrates that the
distribution of the total aqueous phase contaminants among the dissolved phase, DOM
and bacteria is changed significantly with various Damkohler numbers related to the
contaminant sorption on mobile colloids. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
reserved.
Author Keywords: riverbank filtration; contaminant transport; colloids; dissolved
organic matter; bacteria
KeyWords Plus: GROUNDWATER-INFILTRATION; LABORATORY COLUMN; ALLUVIAL
AQUIFER; MOBILE BACTERIA; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER; FIELD; HYDROCARBONS;
SOLUBILITY; COLLOIDS
Addresses: Kim SB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX
77843 USA
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: Predicting chlorine residuals and formation of TTHMs in drinking water
Author(s): Clark RM, Sivaganesan M
Source: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE 124 (12): 1203-1210 DEC
1998
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 12
Times Cited: 21
Abstract: Chlorination is the most widely practiced form of disinfection in the United
States. It is highly effective against most microbiological contaminants. However, there is
concern that the disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed by the use of chlorine might be
carcinogenic. One class of DBPs that are formed and the only class of DBPs that currently
are regulated are total trihalomethanes (TTHMs). Therefore, much effort is being
expended in developing models that can be used to predict both TTHMs and chlorine
residual levels in treated drinking water. This paper presents a model that predicts both
TTHMs and chlorine residuals based on the consumption of chlorine and can be used to
assist in evaluating the complex balance between microbial and DBP risks associated with
disinfecting drinking water with chlorine. The parameters of the model have been found
to be functions of total organic carbon, pH, temperature, and initial chlorine residual level.
Bromide and the subsequent formation of brominated by-products were not considered in
this paper.
KeyWords Plus: BROMIDE
Addresses: Clark RM (reprint author), US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resour Div, Nat
Risk Mgmt Res Lab, 26 W Martin L King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA
US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resour Div, Nat Risk Mgmt Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268
USA
ALM Joint Venture, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA
Publisher: ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 100172398 USA
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, CIVIL; ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL;
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS DURING INFILTRATION OF RIVER
WATER TO GROUNDWATER - FIELD STUDIES
Author(s): SCHWARZENBACH RP, GIGER W, HOEHN E, SCHNEIDER JK
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 17 (8): 472-479 1983
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 42
Times Cited: 126
Addresses: SCHWARZENBACH RP (reprint author), SWISS FED INST WATER
RESOURCES & WATER POLLUT CONTROL, DUBENDORF, CH-8600 SWITZERLAND
Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
IDS Number: RA794
ISSN: 0013-936X
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: MODELING OF TRACE ORGANICS BIOTRANSFORMATION IN THE
SUBSURFACE
Author(s): BOUWER EJ, MCCARTY PL
Source: GROUND WATER 22 (4): 433-440 1984
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 25
Times Cited: 56
Addresses: BOUWER EJ (reprint author), UNIV HOUSTON, DEPT CIVIL ENGN,
ENVIRONM ENGN PROGRAM, HOUSTON, TX 77004 USA
Publisher: GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO, 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH
43081
Subject Category: GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY; WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: SY293
PDF File Found? No
Disinfection Byproducts
Title: Riverbank filtration - fate of DBP precursors and selected microorganisms
Author(s): Weiss WJ, Bouwer EJ, Ball WP, O'Melia CR, Lechevallier MW, Arora H, Speth
TF
Source: JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 95 (10): 68-81 OCT 2003
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 60
Times Cited: 4
Abstract: At three drinking water utilities in the midwestern United States, significant
reductions were observed in total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC),
and disinfection by-product precursors after riverbank filtration (RBF). TOC and DOC
reductions at the closer wells at the three sites ranged from 35 to 67%. Trihalomethane
formation potential and haloacetic acid formation potential concentrations were reduced
by 50 to 80% at the three sites. Reductions in precursors for haloacetonitriles.,
haloketones, chloral hydrate, and chloropicrin ranged from 30 to 100% following RBE
Reductions in the concentrations of Clostridium were observed in excess of 3 logs. Log
reductions in the rivers and wells ranged from >2.6 to >3.3 for E. coli C bacteriophage
and from >1.9 to >2.3 for E. coli F-amp bacteriophage. Limited occurrence of Giardia and
Cryptosporidium in the river and well waters prevented the establishment of firm
conclusions for the removal of these organisms.
KeyWords Plus: DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER SUPPLIES; BANK
FILTRATION; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; OUTBREAKS; GIARDIA; TRANSFORMATION;
CHLORINATION; ATTENUATION; OZONATION
PDF File Found? No
Title: Comparing RBF with bench-scale conventional treatment for precursor
reduction
Author(s): Weiss WJ, Bouwer EJ, Ball WP, O'Melia CR, Arora H, Speth TF
Source: JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 95 (12): 67-80 DEC 2003
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 38
Times Cited: 4
Abstract: Reduction of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors upon riverbank
filtration (RBF) at three drinking water utilities in the midwestern United States was
compared with reductions obtained using a bench-scale conventional treatment train on
the corresponding riverwaters. The riverwaters were subjected to a treatment train
consisting of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and ozonation. RBF
performed as well as or better than the bench-scale conventional treatment with respect
to DBP precursor removal. Total and dissolved organic carbon concentrations were
reduced by 20 to 50% after bench-scale treatment, compared with reductions between
30 and 70% after subsurface travel to the closer wells at the three sites. Reductions in
precursor material for a variety of DBPs (trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids,
haloacetonitriles, haloketones, chloral hydrate, and chloropicrin) after bench-scale
treatment were generally in the range of 40 to 80%, whereas reductions after RBF
ranged from 50 to 100%. After RBF and bench-scale treatment, a shift was observed
from the chlorinated to the more-brominated DBP species, with the shift more
pronounced for the bank-filtered waters. This shift was likely attributable to the increase
in the ratio of bromide to dissolved organic carbon.
KeyWords Plus: DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; ENHANCED COAGULATION;
RIVERBANK FILTRATION; BANK FILTRATION; DRINKING-WATER; DBP PRECURSORS;
REMOVAL; BROMIDE; NOM; BIODEGRADATION
Addresses: Weiss WJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn,
3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA
PDF File Found? No
Title: INTERACTION OF HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS WITH MINERALBOUND HUMIC SUBSTANCES
Author(s): MURPHY EM, ZACHARA JM, SMITH SC, PHILLIPS JL, WIETSMA TW
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 28 (7): 1291-1299 JUL 1994
Document Type: Article
PDF File Found? Yes
Organic Chemicals
Title: MTBE in drinking water production - Occurrence and efficiency of
treatment technologies
Author(s): Baus C, Hung H, Sacher F, Fleig M, Brauch HJ
Source: ACTA HYDROCHIMICA ET HYDROBIOLOGICA 33 (2): 118-132 JUN 2005
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 44
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: In Germany, the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is almost
constantly detected in measurable concentrations in surface waters and is not
significantly removed during riverbank filtration. The removal of MTBE from water has
been the focus of many studies that mostly were performed at high concentration levels
and centred in understanding the mechanisms of elimination. In order to assess the
performance of conventional and advanced water treatment technologies for MTBE
removal in the low concentration range further studies were undertaken. Laboratory
experiments included aeration, granulated activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, ozonation
and advanced oxidation processes (AOP). The results show that the removal of MTBE by
conventional technologies is not easily achieved. MTBE is only removed by aeration at
high expense. Ozonation at neutral pH values did not prove to be effective in eliminating
MTBE at all. The use of ozone/H2O2 (AOP) may lead to a partly elimination of MTBE.
However, the ozone/H2O2 concentrations required for a complete removal of MTBE from
natural waters is much higher than the ozone levels applied nowadays in waterworks.
MTBE is only poorly adsorbed on activated carbon, thus GAC filtration is not efficient in
eliminating MTBE. A comparison with real-life data from German waterworks reveals that
if MTBE is detected in the raw water it is most often found in the corresponding drinking
water as well due to the poor removal efficiency of conventional treatment steps.
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: Effect of dissolved organic matter and bacteria on contaminant transport
in riverbank filtration
Author(s): Kim SB, Corapcioglu MY, Kim DJ
Source: JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 66 (1-2): 1-23 OCT 2003
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 64
Times Cited: 1
Abstract: A mathematical model for the transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants
in an aquifer under simplistic riverbank filtration conditions is developed. The model
considers a situation where contaminants are present together with dissolved organic
matter (DOM) and bacteria. The aquifer is conceptualized as a four-phase system: two
mobile colloidal phases, an aqueous phase, and a stationary solid phase. An equilibrium
approach is used to describe the interactions of contaminants with DOM, bacteria, and
solid matrix. The model is composed of bacterial transport equation and contaminant
transport equation. Numerical simulations are performed to examine the contaminant
transport behavior in the presence of DOM and bacteria. The simulation results illustrate
that contaminant transport is enhanced markedly in the presence of DOM and bacteria,
and the impact of DOM on contaminant mobility is greater than that of bacteria under
examined conditions. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the model is sensitive to
changes of three lumped parameters: K-1(+) (total affinity of stationary solid phase to
contaminants), K-2(+) (total affinity of DOM to contaminants), and K-3(+) (total affinity
of bacteria to contaminants). In a situation where contaminants exist simultaneously with
DOM and bacteria, contaminant transport is mainly affected by a ratio of K-1(+)/K2(+)/K-3(+), which can vary with changes of equilibrium distribution coefficient of
contaminants and/or colloidal concentrations. In riverbank filtration, the influence of
DOM and bacteria on the transport behavior of contaminants should be accounted to
accurately predict the contaminant mobility. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
reserved.
Author Keywords: riverbank filtration; hydrophobic organic contaminant; dissolved
organic matters; bacteria; colloid-facilitated transport
KeyWords Plus: POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NATURAL POROUS-MEDIA;
ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; MOBILE BACTERIA; BANK FILTRATION;
LABORATORY COLUMN; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; SURFACE WATERS; GROUNDWATER
Addresses: Kim SB (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul,
136701 South Korea
Korea Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, 136701 South Korea
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: Effect of flood-induced chemical load on filtrate quality at bank filtration
sites
Author(s): Ray C, Soong TW, Lian YQ, Roadcap GS
Source: JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 266 (3-4): 235-258 SEP 15 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 40
Times Cited: 5
Abstract: Riparian municipal wells, that are located on riverbanks, are specifically
designed to capture a portion of the river water through induced infiltration. Runoff from
agricultural watersheds is found to carry enormous amounts of pesticides and nitrate.
While the risk of contamination for a vast majority of sites with small-capacity vertical
wells is low, potential exists for medium to large capacity collector wells to capture a
fraction of the surface water contaminants during flood. Prior monitoring and current
modeling results indicate that a small-capacity (peak pumpage 0.0315 m(3)/s) vertical
bank filtration well may not be affected by river water nitrate and atrazine even during
flood periods. For a medium capacity (0.0875-0.175 m(3)/s) hypothetical collector well at
the same site, potential exists for a portion of the river water nitrate and atrazine to
enter the well during flood periods. Various combinations of hydraulic conductivity of the
riverbed or bank material were used. For nitrate, it was assumed either no denitrification
occurred during the period of simulation or a half-life of 2 years. Equilibrium controlled
sorption (organic carbon partition coefficient of 52 ml/g) and a half-life of between 7.5
and 15 weeks were considered for atrazine. Combinations of these parameters were used
in various simulations. Peak concentrations of atrazine or nitrate in pumped water could
vary from less than 1% to as high as 90% of that in the river. It was found that a
combination of river stage, pumping rates, hydraulic properties of the riverbed and bank,
and soil/pesticide properties could affect contaminant entry from river water to any of
these wells. If the hydraulic conductivity of the bed and bank material were low, atrazine
would not reach the pumping well with or without sorption and degradation. However, for
moderately low permeable bank and bed materials, some atrazine from river water could
enter a hypothetical collector well while pumping at 0.0875 m(3)/s. It was interesting to
note that doubling the pumpage of this collector well would bring in more ground water
from the aquifer (with no atrazine) and thus have a lower concentration of atrazine in the
filtrate. For highly conductive banks, it is possible to find some atrazine at a vertical well
for a sustained pumpage rate of 0.0125 m(3)/s if the effect of sorption is neglected.
However, with equilibrium sorption, the concentration would be below the detection limit.
On the other hand, if a collector well of capacity 0.0875 m(3)/s is used at the place of the
vertical well with highly conductive banks, atrazine concentration in the filtrate would be
about 80% of river water even assuming equilibrium sorption and a half-life of 7.5 weeks.
Remediation of river water contamination of the aquifer using `scavenger' wells between
the river and the pumping well(s) was not a feasible option due to the contact of the
aquifer with a highly conductive bank at the site. However, moving the existing pumping
well(s) 100 m upstream would have negligible impact from the bank-stored water. (C)
2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: flood; riverbank filtration; bank filtrate; water quality; numerical
modeling
KeyWords Plus: DRINKING-WATER; INFILTRATION; MOVEMENT
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: Laboratory tests for simulating attenuation processes of aromatic amines
in riverbank filtration
Author(s): Worch E, Grischek T, Bornick H, Eppinger P
Source: JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 266 (3-4): 259-268 SEP 15 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 18
Times Cited: 4
Abstract: Based on a two-step laboratory test including biodegradation and adsorption,
it is possible to derive a prognosis of the behaviour of organic compounds during
riverbank filtration and to prioritise the substances with regard to drinking water
quality. It is shown for aromatic amines, used as an example of organics found in River
Elbe water, Germany, how the simulation methods provide basic information about rate
constants of biological degradation and adsorption equilibrium constants under conditions
that are as realistic as possible. Biodegradation of nitroanilines and higher chlorinated
anilines is relatively slow and adsorption onto the sandy aquifer material is weak.
Accordingly, occurrence of these compounds in the production wells of the waterworks
cannot be excluded. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: bank filtration; aromatic amines; biodegradation; adsorption
KeyWords Plus: SORPTION; COEFFICIENTS; SEDIMENTS; WATER
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: Occurrence of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in riverbank filtered water
and drinking water produced by riverbank filtration 2
Author(s): Achten C, Kolb A, Puttmann W
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 36 (17): 3662-3670 SEP 1 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 60
Times Cited: 7
Abstract: Bank filtration of river or lake water represents an efficient and natural
purification process used for the drinking water production in many countries and at an
amount of about 15-16% in Germany From experiences over decades particularly at the
river Rhine and Elbe it is known that the occurrence of persistent pollutants in river water
can represent a problem for the quality of drinking water produced by bank filtration The
common detection of the gasoline additive methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE) in drinking
water and the announced phase out of the oxygenate in the U S show that MTBE can
contaminate large water amounts due to its physicochemical properties The MTBE
situation in the U S differs from Europe and significantly lower concentrations in the
German environment can be expected Average MTBE concentrations of 200-250 ng/L in
the Lower Main and Lower Rhine river in 2000/2001 were reported At two sites at the
Lower Rhine and Lower Main rivers MTBE concentrations in bank filtered water (n = 22)
recovering well water raw water and drinking water produced by the water utility at the
Lower Rhine site (n = 30) and tap water at Frankfurt/M City (n=13) were analyzed from
1999 to 2001 Sample analysis is performed by a combination of headspace solid phase
microextraction (HS SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with a
detection limit of 10 ng/L and a relative standard deviation of 11% At the Lower Rhine
site up to 80 m from the river an average MTBE concentration of 88 ng/L in riverbank
filtered water recovering well water and raw water (n = 7) and of 43110 ng/L in drinking
water (n = 3) result At the Lower Main site up to 400 m from the river MTBE
concentrations from 52 to 250 ng/L (n = 7) were measured Tap water samples at
Frankfurt/M (mean of 35 ng/L maximum of 71 ng/L) were in the same range as MTBE
amounts in drinking water at the Lower Rhine site Measured MTBE amounts eliminated by
bank filtration at the Lower Rhine site are comparable to other contaminants The results
of this study show that concentrations measured in river water and drinking water are
approximately 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than the U S drinking water standard of 2040 mug/L represent trace level concentrations and are not of major concern nowadays
However the unfavorable combination of the occurrence of nonpoint MTBE emissions and
the persistent behavior of the ether in water even at low concentrations should not be
neglected in future discussion The reported MTBE concentrations are relevant for
precautionary aspects MTBE concentrations in German river water show a tendency
toward increasing concentrations since 1999 and in the future possible higher
concentrations could represent a risk for the quality of drinking water that is being
produced by water utility using bank filtered river water.
KeyWords Plus: SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY;
SENSITIVE METHOD; SURFACE-WATER; DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; SEDIMENTS;
GASOLINE; AIR
Addresses: Achten C (reprint author), JW Goethe Univ Frankfurt Main, Geowissensch
Inst Mineral Umweltanalyt, Georg Voigt Str 14, Frankfurt, D-60054 Germany
JW Goethe Univ Frankfurt Main, Geowissensch Inst Mineral Umweltanalyt, Frankfurt, D60054 Germany
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: Mobile organic sorbent affected contaminant transport in soil: Numerical
case studies for enhanced and reduced mobility
Author(s): Totsche KU, Kogel-Knabner I
Source: VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL 3 (2): 352-367 MAY 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 61
Times Cited: 1
Abstract: Mobile organic sorbents (MOS) such as dissolved and colloidal phase organic
matter control flow of water and transport of solutes in soils. We studied the effect of
MOS on contaminant fate by systematic numerical case studies. The scenarios considered
were (i) enhanced mobility, (ii) reduced mobility due to cosorption, and (iii) reduced due
to cumulative sorption. The enhanced mobility and cosorption scenario require
contaminant sorption to the MOS. The cosorption and cumulative sorption scenario
require sorption of MOS to the immobile sorbent. Simulations were run for
physicochemically different fractions of dissolved organic matter and two-model
contaminants. Mobile organic sorbents mobility is characterized by a wide range of
retardation parameters. Continued import of MOS to subsoil material high in MOS-specific
sorption sites will increase the solid phase organic matter content. Enhanced mobility was
observed for soils without MOS-specific sorption sites or for situations where MOS are in
sorptive equilibrium with the immobile sorbent. Cosorption resulted in reduced
contaminant mobility. The extent to which reduced mobility was observed depended on
the ratio of the affinities of the free contaminant and the MOS-bound contaminant. As the
sorption of the MOS-bound contaminants is controlled by the properties of the MOS, the
characterization of these properties is a crucial step for the estimation of the effect of
MOS on contaminant mobility. Cumulative sorption resulted in reduced contaminant
mobility as well. However, this result is the consequence of the increase of the sorption
capacity due to the sorption of MOS, a long-term process that may last for years to
decades.
KeyWords Plus: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; REACTIVE SOLUTE
TRANSPORT; UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; IMMOBILE
SORBENTS; MATTER SORPTION; COLLOIDS; CARBON; FRACTIONS; COLUMNS
Addresses: Totsche KU (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Bodenkunde, Dept
Okol, Wissensch Zentrum Weihenstephan, Freising Weihenstephan, D-85350 Germany
Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Bodenkunde, Dept Okol, Wissensch Zentrum Weihenstephan,
Freising Weihenstephan, D-85350 Germany
E-mail Addresses: totsche@wzw.tum.de
Publisher: SOIL SCI SOC AMER, 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
Subject Category: AGRICULTURE, SOIL SCIENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; WATER
RESOURCES
IDS Number: 904BA
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: Behaviour of alkylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants in the aquatic
environment .3. Occurrence and elimination of their persistent metabolites
during infiltration of river water to groundwater
Author(s): Ahel M, Schaffner C, Giger W
Source: WATER RESEARCH 30 (1): 37-46 JAN 1996
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 34
Times Cited: 43
Abstract: The behaviour of various persistent metabolites derived from nonylphenol
polyethoxylate (NPnEO) surfactants was studied during infiltration of river water to
groundwater at two field sites situated in the northern part of Switzerland (Glatt River
and Sitter River). Nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenol
diethoxylate (NP2EO), nonylphenoxy acetic acid (NP1EC) and nonylphenoxy(ethoxy)
acetic acid (NP2EC) were observed in the two investigated rivers at relatively high
concentrations with average values of the individual types of nonylphenolic compounds
ranging from 1.8 to 25 mu g/l. The average concentrations of NP, NP1EO and NP2EO in
groundwater were significantly lower (range <0.1-1 mu g/l) suggesting an efficient
elimination of these compounds during infiltration. In contrast, the elimination of
nonylphenoxy carboxylic acids was less efficient. Most of the observed elimination
occurred in the first 2.5 m of the aquifer, while further decrease in concentration was
rather slow. In one sampling period, residual concentrations of nonylphenolic compounds
up to 7.2 mu g/l were detected in a pumping station used for drinking water supply which
is situated 130 m from the Glatt River bed. Concentrations of NP, NP1EO and NP2EO in
both river water and groundwater showed a pronounced seasonal variability with higher
values observed during winter. The data suggest that low temperatures, which prevail in
winter, significantly reduce the elimination efficiency of NP and to a lesser extent of
NP1EO, while the behaviour of NP2EO was not affected. Such a behaviour indicates
biogical transformation as the responsible elimination process. A comparison of average
elimination efficiences of nonylphenolic compounds with those of pentachlorphenol (PCP)
and nitrilotriacetate (NTA) gives the following sequence: NTA greater than or equal to
NP2EO > NP1EO > NP > PCP > NP1EC = NP2EC.
Author Keywords: surfactants; nonylphenol polyethoxylates; metabolic products;
nonylphenol; river water; groundwater; infiltration
KeyWords Plus: PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION GASCHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANTS; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS;
CHLORINATED PHENOLS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; 4-NONYLPHENOL;
FIELD; BIOACCUMULATION
Addresses: Ahel M (reprint author), RUDJER BOSKOVIC INST, CTR MARINE RES, POB
1016, ZAGREB, 41001 CROATIA
SWISS FED INST ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL EAWAG, DUBENDORF, CH-8600
SWITZERLAND
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;
WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: TG772
ISSN: 0043-1354
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: Biodegradation residual of 4-octylphenoxyacetic acid in laboratory
columns under groundwater recharge conditions
Author(s): Wild D, Reinhard M
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 33 (24): 4422-4426 DEC 15 1999
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 28
Times Cited: 4
Abstract: The biodegradation of 4-octylphenoxyacetic acid (OP1EC) was studied in
laboratory columns to determine the residual concentration that can persist during
groundwater recharge or transport. Biofilm models predict residual concentrations are
independent of the initial concentration and residence time. Two column trains,
constructed with glass beads and providing a residence time of 280 min were fed
continuously with lake water (LW) containing biodegradable dissolved organic carbon
(DOC) and groundwater (GW) containing no biodegradable DOG. The feedwater was
amended with OP1EC first at high (1 mg/L) and then at low (50 mu g L-1) concentration.
To simulate mixing of recharged LW and regional GW, the effluents of the GW and LW
train were blended and fed to a column (BW) with 114 min residence time. When the
influent OP1EC concentration was 1000 mu g/L the residual concentrations in the LW and
GW trains ranged from 0.3 to 3 and 0.8 to 3 mu g L-1, respectively. When the feed
concentrations were decreased to 50 mu g L-1, the residual concentration in the LW
decreased to below the detection limit (<0.1 mu g L-1) but stayed above 0.2 mu g L-1 in
the GW train effluent. Mixing the two LW and GW column effluents stimulated addition al
(up to 11%) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal but no additional OP1EC
degradation.
KeyWords Plus: ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; RAINBOW-TROUT;
GROWTH; METABOLITES; MIXTURES; RIVER; TRANSFORMATION
Addresses: Reinhard M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn,
Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
IDS Number: 265PJ
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: The fate of wastewater indicator compounds during groundwater recharge
Author(s): Reinhard M, Litwiller E, Gross B
Source: GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA 66 (15A): A632-A632 Suppl. 1, AUG
2002
Document Type: Meeting Abstract
Language: English
Cited References: 1
Times Cited: 0
Addresses: Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
IDS Number: 583RX
ISSN: 0016-7037
Title: INFILTRATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS INTO GROUNDWATER - FIELD
STUDIES IN THE ALLUVIAL AQUIFER OF THE SAVA RIVER
Author(s): AHEL M
Source: BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 47 (4):
586-593 OCT 1991
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 14
Times Cited: 17
KeyWords Plus: PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION GASCHROMATOGRAPHY; WATER; CHEMICALS; LEACHATE; LANDFILL
Addresses: AHEL M (reprint author), RUDJER BOSKOVIC INST, CTR MARINE RES
ZAGREB, POB 1016, ZAGREB, YU-41001 YUGOSLAVIA
Publisher: SPRINGER VERLAG, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; TOXICOLOGY
IDS Number: GG149
ISSN: 0007-4861
PDF File Found? No
Title: Review of the persistence of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates in
aquatic environments
Author(s): Maguire RJ
Source: WATER QUALITY RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CANADA 34 (1): 37-78 1999
Document Type: Review
Language: English
Cited References: 157
Times Cited: 58
Abstract: Alkylphenol ethoxylates, in particular nonylphenol ethoxylates, are widely used
nonionic surfactants that are discharged in high quantities to sewage treatment plants
and directly to the environment in areas where there is no sewage or industrial waste
treatment. This article reviews the treatability of nonylphenol ethoxylates and
nonylphenol in sewage treatment plants and their persistence in aquatic environments.
Nonylphenol ethoxylates can be biologically degraded in sewage treatment plants and in
natural environments. Some of the degradation products, including nonylphenol, are
more persistent than the parent surfactants and they are found in receiving waters of
sewage treatment plants. Nonylphenol in particular is found at high concentrations in
some sewage sludges that may be spread on agricultural lands. While some sewage
treatment plants discharge significant amounts of nonylphenol ethoxylate degradation
products in their final effluents and digested sludges compared to what enters the plant,
others degrade nonylphenol ethoxylates more or less completely. The differences in
treatment efficiency of such compounds and their degradation products among different
sewage treatment plants have been attributed to the load of the surfactants in influent
streams, plant design and operating conditions, and other factors such as temperature of
treatment. The highest nonylphenol ethoxylate elimination rates were achieved in plants
characterized by low sludge-loading rates and nitrifying conditions. In natural waters, it
appears that parent nonylphenol ethoxylates are not persistent, but some degradation
products may have moderate persistence, especially under anaerobic conditions. Recent
results from mesocosm experiments indicate moderate persistence of nonylphenol in
sediments, with half-lives of 28 to 104 days. Microbial acclimation to the chemicals is an
important determinant of persistence vis-a-vis biodegradation. Sunlight photodegradation
of such products is also likely important. Further research on the persistence in natural
environments of the lower ethoxylate and carboxylate degradation products, as well as
nonylphenol, is necessary. Based on the limited data available, nonylphenol and the lower
ethoxylates and carboxylates are persistent in groundwater. They are also persistent in
landfills under anaerobic conditions, but they do not appear to be persistent in soil under
aerobic conditions. Recommendations are made for further research in order to more fully
characterize the treatability of nonylphenol ethoxylates and their degradation products in
sewage treatment plants and their persistence in the natural environment.
Author Keywords: nonylphenol; ethoxylates; persistence; water; aquatic environment;
review
KeyWords Plus: ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; PERFORMANCE
LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TROUT
ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MIXED BACTERIAL CULTURES; CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES;
NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEWAGETREATMENT
Addresses: Maguire RJ (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters,
Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6 Canada
Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R
4A6 Canada
Publisher: CANADIAN ASSOC WATER QUALITY, C/O DR H R EISENHAUER,
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOL CENTRE, 3439 RIVER ROAD SOUTH, GLOUCESTER, ONTARIO
K1A 0H3, CANADA
PDF File Found? Yes
Title: Occurrence and behavior of wastewater indicators in the Santa Ana River
and the underlying aquifers
Author(s): Ding WH, Wu J, Semadeni M, Reinhard M
Source: CHEMOSPHERE 39 (11): 1781-1794 NOV 1999
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 33
Times Cited: 7
Abstract: The occurrence and behavior of wastewater indicator compounds in the Santa
Ana River (SAR) water and the underlying aquifer recharged by the SAR has been studied.
The SAR contains a high proportion of tertiary treated wastewater effluents, up to 100%
during summer and fall. The following water quality parameters were quantified: four
specific wastewater indicator compounds, ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA),
nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), a naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC) isomer, alkylphenol
polyethoxy carboxylates (APECs), and selected haloacetic acids (HAAs), nitrate, dissolved
oxygen (DO), I)OC, total carbohydrate, and phenolic substances. Statistical analysis
indicated that normal distribution was adequate to describe the probability distribution of
the constituents in most cases. In the river, the concentrations of wastewater indicator
compounds decreased as the fraction of storm runoff increased. EDTA and NDC were
detected in a monitoring well near the river and in two production wells 1.8 and 2.7 km
down gradient with little apparent attenuation. By contrast, NTA, APECs, bromochloroand dibromoacetic acids appeared to be attenuated significantly during infiltration of river
water and groundwater transport. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
KeyWords Plus: GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; WATER;
GROUNDWATER; INFILTRATION; IDENTIFICATION; ACID; METABOLITES; DEGRADATION;
RESIDUES
Addresses: Ding WH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli, 32054
Taiwan
Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli, 32054 Taiwan
Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
IDS Number: 239AH
PDF File Found? Yes