Effective Peer to Peer Communication for Multimedia
Services in Vehicular Network
Upendra Dwivedi1, Anand Singh Rajawat2 Dr. Akhilesh R. Upadhyay3
1
JJT University Jhunjhunu,
JJT University Jhunjhunu,
3
Professor and Head Dept.ofCommunication Engg.,SIRT Bhopal,India.
2
1ud1985@gmail.com,
2
rajawat_iet@yahoo.in
3akhileshupadhyay@yahoo.com
Abstract— Recently, vehicular network have attracted interest
from the researcher of wireless networking community.
Vehicular wireless networks are formed by vehicles moving in
random direction and predefined dimensions without the help
or existence of any infrastructure or centralized supervision.
Multimedia services and vehicular network are very close up to
each other. There are various standards has been developed for
vehicular multimedia services. These standards are always
getting improvement. Vehicular network is a potential research
area to enhance traffic safety and efficiency and enable several
multimedia services. In this research, principal aim is to
improve performance of multimedia services in vehicular
network. Analysis of various proposed multimedia services in
different wireless ad-hoc network has been carried out to find
out their limitation and possible performance enhancement and
categorization and classification of multimedia services unique
network characteristics of vehicular networks.
Keywords- Multimedia services, Peer to peer communication,
QoS, Vehicular Network.
I. INTRODUCTION
Node movement is the most important aspect of vehicular
mobility inside Vehicular Network. Vehicular Node
movement may range from zero for steady vehicle or vehicle
stuck in traffic to a speedy vehicle on highways. These
varying distances between cars pose extreme complex
behavior of communication between vehicular networks [1].
The wireless communications window presents a
complicated behavior. This ranges from few meters to
several hundred meters. In the case of vehicle, stuck in
traffic it assumes range in few meters while in case of
speedy movement it becomes few hundred meters. Besides
varying distance between vehicles there are also situations
like vehicles moving towards each other, opposite to each
others. Sometimes communication faces challenges of
covering a dynamically increasing distance between nodes,
moving towards each other or outwards each other. In this
scenario vehicles are gaining distance between each other
proportional to distance. Communication schemes also
depend not only on distance but on time also. In vehicular
network communication time interval depends on varying
distance as well as on direction of movement. Suppose if
two nodes are moving towards each other with a speed of 40
km/hrs and if wireless communication range is assumed to
be 100m then each node get possible communication time is
about 9s. Moderate dynamic topologies is required by
vehicular network to satisfy the various scenarios e. g. nodes
are moving towards or outwards each other in same
direction, opposite direction or different angled directions.
Network topologies defined for vehicular network must have
ability to compete with the randomly changing scenarios.
The short encounters between vehicles lead to highly
unstable network topology for routing and message
dissemination. With the movement of nodes in vehicular
network, classic network topologies based networking
protocols get invalid before they can fully applied due to
rapid movement of nodes [4]. For applications in vehicular
network fast movement of nodes produces immediate
changing of contexts while slow movement of nodes results
in unstable topologies, high vehicles density, high
interference, medium access problems, and so on. Our
approach defines a scalable communication solution
between nodes of vehicular networks. Network personality
defines methods for data dissemination inside vehicular
network. Security mechanism requires in data transfer is
constrained by network requirement parameters, respective
message dissemination between nodes. vehicular network is
a very distinguished category of ad-hoc network.
Characteristics of vehicular network can be categorized on
the basis of consequences of development.
II. VEHICULAR NODE IN MOTION
Nodes do not move arbitrarily in vehicular network, but
use predefined schemes due to roads, usually in towards or
outwards directions[1][2]. At the intersection of two or more
roads creates unpredictable changes in the direction of nodes.
We distinguish three types of roads:
• Very busy communication area: Inside metros, the Node
density is very high on roads. Many intersections and
obstacles reduces limit wireless communication. signals e. g.
smaller road segments, buildings beside the roads
• Urban communication area: The roads in urban areas
usually have much larger segments than metro, which means
less intersections of nodes communication path. Traffic
conditions often allow the formation of a connected network,
because large numbers of vehicles are on the road.
message while passive nodes are responsible for taking the
message to destination through multiple hops.
IV. COMMUNICATION SCHEME FOR MULTIMEDIA
APPLICATION FOR MULTIMEDIA SERVICES
Multimedia applications for vehicular networks pose
largely diverging characteristics. After studying various
applications in different projects[2], all applications can be
categorized and grouped into a small set of types on the
basis of schemes of communication.
Fig: Multimedia services in vehicular network
• Rural communication area: The roads usually have
larger sections, which mean that intersection or joint are
very few. Less traffic conditions often do not allow the
formation of a connected network, because too few vehicles
are on the road.
• Highways communication areas: Highways typically
used for connecting bigger areas form a multilane road,
which has very large sections. Movements of nodes are onedimensional. These movement scenarios cause special
constraints, particularly for message dissemination. One
dimensional communication constraints leaves virtually no
margin for alternate routes.
III. CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICULAR NETWORK
Communication in vehicular network is effected from
number of nodes in a region apart from speed and movement
of vehicles. Sometimes in a potential region number of
vehicles may vary from zero to hundreds and even more. If
nodes are moving in a low density area then message
forwarding becomes a complex task due to interference of
other vehicles[2]. Our approach disseminate message
through more sophisticated
message dissemination
approach includes storing and forwarding, handling
duplication of message due to encounter of other vehicles
while If nodes are moving through high density area then
nodes must monitor the forwarding of messages. In this case
same message may be repeated by the nodes multiple times.
Message must be forwarded and repeated by only by
predefined selected nodes otherwise repletion of messages
creates overhead for communication channel..
In Vehicular communication, there are different type of
vehicles which are moving randomly on the road such as
private vehicles, passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles
and emergency vehicles. We can categorize these vehicles
into active nodes which may be target vehicles using the
applications and passive vehicles which may not target
nodes but can participate actively in message dissemination.
In our approach, active nodes are sending and receiving
fig: Communication Schema Multimedia services
These patterns are very useful in defining and designing
of communication characteristics
for
multimedia
applications. Our classification approach is independent of
the actual communication technology and assumes only the
availability of a link-layer broadcast and unicast mechanism.
Hereby we define characteristics for each pattern we
propose.
The following characteristics are described for the
multimedia services in vehicular network:
i.
Communication
techniquesDescribes
communication mechanisms for multimedia
services.
ii.
Communication path - Communication can be
unidirectional, bidirectional and multidirectional
with respect to the senders and receivers.
iii.
Communication commencement - Describes the
circumstances under which the services typically
initiated communication.
iv.
Communicative data - Defines outlines of typical
communicated data between sender and receiver.
v.
Communication delays- Vehicular networks are
autonomous systems of devices (nodes) that
communicate with each other using wireless links
without a fixed infrastructure. Communication
between nodes can face delay in information
dissemination. Communication delays depend on
vi.
vii.
viii.
various reason. They can be occurred due to Multihop nature of the network, time consuming
Channel access and Aggregation and queuing of
information at intermediate nodes. Information
Loss is happened due to size of number of frames,
number of time slots per frame, limited buffer size
of mobile nodes, time limitation to transmit packets.
Data Security- Secure services require information
transmission through a selected path and with some
secure channel so that data must not be accessible
and should be in encrypted format for an
unidentified entity.
Size of data- multimedia services is different from
other wireless services. They require larger
information to be transmitted from node to node in
a prescribed limited time. In vehicular network, this
becomes more complex to decide what should be
the data size.
Quality of service - Describes requirements of the
communication schemes so that optimum quality of
services can be achieved. Our approach focuses on
Reliability, flexibility and scalability feature of
multimedia services. A multimedia service must be
reliable enough to reach at the destination, flexible
enough to contain integrity and scalable enough to
satisfy user requirement.
Information Propagation For Multimedia Services—
Multimedia services requires information to be dispatched
in certain time and capable of bridging multiple hop
network paths with prioritization[5][9]. Multimedia
services usually contain larger data so they need larger
segment to be splitted into smaller segment, efficient
acknowledgement scheme for optimal network overhead
and better mechanism to handle information superiority.
i.
ii.
Communication techniques – Schemas for multimedia
message dispatching usually use store and forward
schemes, resend a unsuccessful delivered message,
considering a variety of parameters to decide when to
resend a multimedia messages. Messages are repeated
following diverse strategies. A multimedia message is
stored at every node until a sender declared successfully
completion of message dispatching. If there is any
failure occurred then firstly finds the location and then
resends the data from respective nodes avoiding the
retransmission of whole message. Multimedia message
dissemination also depends on various parameters such
as position, time, type and bandwidth constraints.
Communication path –There may be various scenarios
when multimedia message is disseminating towards
destination. Sometimes destination node is the neighbor
nodes or followed by one hop or followed by multiple
hops. Vehicular network is deployed for the vehicle
moving on roads so it follows various dimension such
as node following nodes in single direction, node
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
getting away from node in single direction, node closing
to each other in angle direction due to intersection of
roads, nodes moving away from each other in angular
directions.
Communication
commencement
–
Messages
dissemination initiated by the sender. In Vehicular
network, various constraint are responsible for starting
of message transfer such as bandwidth status, priority,
number of hops between sender and destination and
available time for communication. Retransmission of
message is based on events generated by nodes when
they did not get the acknowledgement and validity of
message expires before successful transmission.
Acknowledgement schema decides when to break or
halt or stop the communication in multimedia services.
Communicative data- The content of multimedia
message is divided into smaller parts depends on
available bandwidth and network path. Original
message as created by the source should be never
changed during transmission. However, additional
information to determine the relevance of a multimedia
message (e.g., segment information, priority, and time
etc.) may be attached to a message.
Communication delays- In Vehicular network, data
send through several hops to reach the destination. The
best condition is when destination node is neighbor
nodes and worst condition is when destination nodes is
multiple hops away. At each node, channel access
delays, processing delays and queuing delays happens
with the data.
Data Security- Integrity of data is important aspect of
data security. Multimedia services are not very
concerned with accuracy and integrity of data but they
require a minimum standard for their secure
propagation. Data propagates through selected path
which is defined on basis of multimedia services
priority and available bandwidths.
Size of data- Wireless communication always faces loss
of data due to weak signal, low bandwidth, busy nodes
and broken path before successful transmission. Size of
transmitted data is depends on various constraints of
network. Larger data is divided into smaller segments.
This segmentations is also depends on network
constraints of nodes such as nodes stand up time,
bandwidth, distance and more.
Quality of Service - Wireless services get their
recognition on the basis of quality of services they are
providing. Multimedia services such as streaming of
data depend on user expected quality. If they are not on
expectation, they would be discarded by the community.
Network must be capable of sending the data through
alternative path if any path is broken to provide timestable dissemination.
N/W
Characteristics
MULTIMEDIA
APPLICATION
COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES
COMMUNICATION PATH
Information Propagation
Information Accumulation
SCHEMAS FOR MULTIMEDIA MESSAGE DISPATCHING
USUALLY USE STORE AND FORWARD SCHEMES
A MULTIMEDIA MESSAGE IS STORED AT EVERY NODE UNTIL
VARIOUS DIMENSION SUCH AS NODE FOLLOWING NODES
IN SINGLE DIRECTION, NODE GETTING AWAY FROM NODE
MULTIMEDIA
IN SINGLE DIRECTION
COMMUNICATION
COMMENCEMENT
COMMUNICATIVE DATA
A SENDER DECLARED SUCCESSFULLY
MESSAGE IS DISSEMINATING TOWARDS
DESTINATION THROUGH A PREDEFINED OR RANDOMLY
GENERATED PATH BASED ON TOPOLOGIES
VARIOUS CONSTRAINTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR STARTING
OF MESSAGE.
COMMUNICATION MAY BE STARTED BY ANY NODES
ADDITIONAL
MULTIMEDIA
INFORMATION
TO
DETERMINE
RELEVANCE OF A MULTIMEDIA MESSAGE.
THE
MESSAGE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO SMALLER
SEGMENTS DEPENDS ON NETWORK CONSTRAINTS.
DATA SECURITY
REQUIRES
A MINIMUM STANDARD FOR THEIR SECURE
PROPAGATION.
SECURE
COMMUNICATION DELAYS
CHANNEL
ACCESS DELAYS, PROCESSING DELAYS AND
QUEUING DELAYS HAPPENS WITH THE DATA.
DELAY
SIZE OF TRANSMITTED DATA IS DEPENDS ON VARIOUS
CONSTRAINTS OF NETWORK.
PACKET SIZE MUST BE DEPENDS ON VARIOUS CONSTRAINTS
NETWORK
NEIGHBOURS
SIZE OF DATA
QUALITY OF SERVICE
MUST BE CAPABLE OF SENDING THE DATA
THROUGH ALTERNATIVE PATH
MULTIMEDIA SERVICES
THROUGH SELECTED PATH
CAN
BE
PROVIDED
DUE TO EACH NODES PERFORM SEGMENTATION OR
AGGREGATION OF DATA AND FORWARD TO NEXT NODES
OF NETWORK
NODES STATUS INFORMATION
UPDATED AT PARTICULAR TIME INTERVAL
MUST BE
Table: Network characteristics for multimedia services in VEHICULAR NETWORK
Information Accumulation for Multimedia Services
i.
Communication techniques - Simply forwarding of
data from sender to destination is not a favorable
idea due to random mobility of nodes. In vehicular
network, communication data is processed by
various nodes. These nodes divide data into segment
and merged them on the basis of network constraints.
Information segmentation and dissemination among
vehicles reduces network overhead and reduced
overhead help to decrease number of collision,
increase bandwidth utilization and packet loss.
ii.
Communication path - Multimedia message is
disseminating towards destination through a
predefined or randomly generated path based on
topologies. When destination node is the neighbor
nodes, it is easy for message dissemination while
multi-hop away destination requires various
topologies to decide the selected optimized path
such as node following nodes in single direction,
node getting away from node in single direction,
node
closing to each other in angle direction due to
intersection of roads, nodes moving away from each
other in angular directions.
iii.
Communication commencement - Communication
may be started by any node who wants to access the
particular multimedia services. Situation like, traffic
jam may also trigger services initiation due to
available bandwidth and slow movement of nodes.
iv.
Communicative Data - Multimedia message can be
divided into smaller segments depends on network
constraints. However, The communicated data
contains aggregation information for various nodes
for performing smooth transmission derived from
multiple nodes.
Communication delays- Communication may be
delayed from time consuming processing done by
various nodes. Multimedia services generally
provide through various nodes, each nodes perform
v.
segmentation or aggregation of data and forward to
next nodes.
vi.
vii.
viii.
Data Security - Secure multimedia services can be
provided through selected path which is defined on
basis of multimedia services priority and available
bandwidths.
Size of data - Wireless services faces packet loss due
to low bandwidth and busy nodes. So packet size
must be depends on various constraints of network.
Larger data is divided into smaller segments of data
transmitted through various nodes and then
combined at destination node.
Quality of Service Information delivery and
quality of information are two important aspect of
Quality of service in vehicular network. Multimedia
services quality can be increased by using improved
network topologies and efficient algorithm on nodes
for segmentation and aggregation. Neighbors nodes
status information must be updated at particular
time interval.
VI. CONCLUSION
Applications for vehicular network have very diverse
properties and require complex communication protocols.
The dynamics of the network due to vehicle movement
further complicates the design of an appropriate
comprehensive
communication
system.
Categorize
multimedia services network characteristics for vehicular
networks have been proposed. The design and analysis of a
Smart Network concept with active multimedia services is for
supporting vehicular wireless multimedia communications.
Even if, various standard, tools and technologies are available
in vehicular Networks for effective multimedia
communication among various mobile nodes, still there is lot
of scope available in the challenging area of vehicular
communication. Future vehicular networks may require
mobile nodes to cross over different servicing locations.
Seamless integration of different networks requires
maintaining network services. Efficient handover between
different wireless communications technologies requires
continuous connections of applications in the different
networks. However, sophisticated multimedia services
require increasing network bandwidth and improved quality
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to express our gratitude to all those who
gave us the possibility to complete this paper. We want to
thank the Department of Engineering of the JJT University
for giving me permission to commence this paper in the first
instance, to do the necessary research work and to use
departmental data. We are deeply indebted to our supervisor
Prof. Dr. Akhilesh R. Upadhyay from the JJT University
whose help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement
helped me in all the time of our research work for our Phd.
and writing of this paper.
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