Electronic Supplemental Material (ESM)
Direct and indirect climatic drivers of biotic interactions: ice-cover and
carbon runoff shaping Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus and brown trout
Salmo trutta competitive asymmetries
Eva M. Ulvan1,2, Anders G. Finstad2, Ola Ugedal2 and Ole Kristian Berg1
1
Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491
Trondheim, Norway
2
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Po.box 5685 Sluppen, NO-7485 Trondheim,
Norway
*Author for correspondence (eva.ulvan@nina.no)
Key-words: Climate change, competition, seasonal performance, light conditions, caesium.
Author contributions: All authors contributed to the original formulation of hypothesis and
design of the study and contributed to the fieldwork. OU and EMU did the Cs analyses and
related calculations forming the basis for the food consumption estimates. EMU performed
the statistical analyses and wrote the manuscript with assistance from AGF, OU and OKB.
1
Appendix A. Lake positions
Fig. A1
Fig. A1 Position of the lakes sampled for consumption rate estimation. Closed circles indicate
allopatric brown trout lakes and open circles indicate sympatric brown trout/Arctic char lakes.
The stippled line is the national border between Norway and Sweden
2
Appendix B. Diet and absorption
Table B1 Showing lake number and name, sampling period, number of stomachs analysed
(n), percentage of each of the prey categories and average absorption (abs). The different prey
categories are A = surface insects, B = chironomidae, C = mollusca, D = benthic insects, E =
benthic crustaceans, F = zooplankton, G = fish (*fish
eggs).
lake
Storvatnet
lake no.
1
Melvatnet
2
Søvatnet
3
Gjøvatnet
4
Dragavatnet
5
Langvatnet
6
Sjysjøen
7
Høysjøen
8
Leirsjøen
9
Skjørsjøen
10
Grisbakktjønna
11
Kjerråtjønnin
12
Spunstjønna
13
Dieseltjønna
14
Aktajaevrie
15
Sjliptjehke
16
Raavrejaevrie
17
Gihperejaevrie
18
periode
spring 08
autumn 08
spring 09
spring 08
autumn 08
spring 09
spring 08
autumn 08
spring 09
autumn 08
spring 09
autumn 08
spring 09
spring 08
autumn 08
spring 09
spring 08
autumn 08
spring 09
spring 08
autumn 08
spring 09
autumn 08
spring 09
autumn 08
spring 09
autumn 08
spring 09
autumn 08
spring 09
autumn 08
spring 09
autumn 08
spring 09
autumn 08
spring 09
spring 08
autumn 08
spring 09
spring 08
autumn 08
spring 09
spring 08
autumn 08
spring 09
n
39
27
16
17
13
21
12
25
17
26
17
32
18
29
27
16
32
28
20
30
26
26
23
16
19
25
23
25
18
16
29
23
20
20
31
17
14
25
18
23
28
20
30
30
20
A
22.5
37.2
51.9
15.5
21.9
25.8
7.9
46.2
13.3
12.3
0.0
12.3
18.5
38.8
0.4
19.7
28.0
4.0
18.7
13.3
12.8
6.2
8.0
4.7
3.3
15.2
35.5
1.2
15.2
33.1
8.1
70.2
33.0
23.2
6.0
44.1
34.9
0.0
31.9
14.3
0.0
14.0
73.6
0.0
0.0
B
24.9
1.5
0.6
11.4
1.5
52.8
10.8
0.0
1.9
0.0
6.0
0.0
11.5
2.7
0.6
8.0
1.8
0.9
16.2
11.6
2.7
1.4
10.4
67.5
1.4
18.3
7.0
41.4
4.3
59.1
2.8
5.8
1.5
66.8
2.4
30.9
4.1
0.3
0.3
13.0
3.7
8.9
1.8
8.3
12.2
3
C
0.5
0.6
0.3
25.7
0.0
0.2
4.6
2.0
0.4
2.5
2.1
3.2
4.3
2.2
4.5
10.0
0.8
6.1
2.1
4.1
1.0
7.3
0.7
0.0
9.1
2.5
3.9
0.2
20.4
3.8
1.1
3.8
38.5
2.9
18.7
4.1
2.9
1.2
8.8
14.1
13.6
11.9
8.9
10.3
29.3
D
32.9
31.1
47.3
21.9
25.8
18.3
40.0
31.0
57.4
25.0
91.9
29.0
65.8
33.3
30.9
45.8
56.8
39.1
31.3
62.2
52.8
85.2
50.2
21.3
47.3
49.3
27.6
53.2
57.9
3.4
70.6
16.8
15.3
4.6
24.0
18.2
26.4
42.0
42.8
41.4
46.9
58.1
8.0
13.3
8.7
E
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
12.0
4.9
3.6
14.8
30.7
1.3
1.2
0.0
1.7
0.3
2.9
14.6
2.7
0.0
2.1
0.6
6.3
0.5
7.0
2.2
34.4
0.9
10.4
5.2
2.1
17.1
15.1
7.3
4.4
61.3
37.4
F
8.6
6.7
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
23.5
0.0
32.2
0.0
15.4
13.5
0.0
7.4
10.9
0.0
7.4
0.0
0.0
28.9
6.3
31.4
0.1
18.8
0.2
0.0
0.0
11.1
2.9
4.8
0.3
11.3
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
G
10.6
23.0
0.0
25.4
46.9
2.9
36.7
20.8
27.1
36.7
0.0
23.3
0.0
7.1
38.1
11.7
1.5
24.2
1.0
0.0
30.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.7
0.0
4.5
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
21.5
51.3
14.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
6.9
12.5
abs
0.48
0.47
0.36
0.57
0.54
0.47
0.52
0.44
0.45
0.60
0.38
0.60
0.40
0.47
0.58
0.46
0.41
0.53
0.44
0.43
0.47
0.39
0.52
0.52
0.56
0.42
0.49
0.45
0.45
0.49
0.43
0.40
0.55
0.50
0.54
0.44
0.46
0.52
0.45
0.46
0.54
0.43
0.42
0.53
0.59
Appendix C. Relationship between 137Cs body burden and size over time
Table C1 ANCOVA table for the relationship between 137Cs body burden and ln mass (g)
with sampling period as categorical variable for brown trout in each lake.
lake no
1
df
68
F-value
262.20
ln mass
p-value
<0.001
2
54
172.11
<0.001
3.47
0.068
0.77
3
51
652.47
<0.001
2.44
0.125
0.93
4
80
376.75
<0.001
0.38
0.539
0.83
5
90
383.73
<0.001
1.20
0.161
0.81
6
84
796.75
<0.001
10.08
<0.01
0.91
7
92
821.96
<0.001
11.13
<0.01
0.90
8
109
1096.15
<0.001
0.95
0.332
0.91
9
95
261.45
<0.001
1.46
0.230
0.74
10
89
455.57
<0.001
2.57
0.113
0.84
11
108
723.29
<0.001
0.29
0.590
0.87
12
58
596.91
<0.001
4.26
0.043
0.91
13
91
2492.28
<0.001
16.81
<0.001
0.97
14
80
1022.41
<0.001
1.57
0.214
0.93
15
95
2767.08
<0.001
14.91
<0.001
0.97
16
39
1982.20
<0.001
5.58
0.023
0.98
17
51
972.96
<0.001
0.76
0.388
0.95
18
115
2787.90
<0.001
1.92
0.169
0.96
F-value
4.02
4
periode
p-value
0.049
R2
0.80