Bio Quiz #4 Review Sheet
Biotechnology
1.
What is the purpose of a karyotype?
2.
What diseases/disorders can be diagnosed using karyotypes?
3.
What is an epigenome? What are some environmental factors that affect the epigenome?
4.
What causes genes to be turned off and on?
5.
What makes identical twins identical? Can identical twins have different epigenomes?
6.
How can the food we eat affect our epigenome?
7.
What is biotechnology? (In your own words)
8.
What human protein is produced for diabetics using genetic engineering?
9.
Match the term with its definition a.
DNA Fingerprinting b.
Recombinant DNA c.
Gene therapy d.
Human Genome e.
Restriction enzyme f.
Transgenic organism g.
Vector h.
Plasmid i.
Clone j.
Gel electrophoresis k.
PCR
___A circular piece of bacterial DNA
___A DNA sequence that acts as a carrier for a transgene
___A technique uses an agarsoe gel and electrical current to separates DNA fragments by size
___An organism that has DNA from two or more sources
___A protein that is used to cut DNA into fragments
___A sequence of DNA from multiple sources
___A technique used to copy DNA quickly
___A technique used to determine genetic similar based on comparing fragments of DNA
___Asexual process by which a genetically identical organism can be reproduced
___Process by which we can use DNA to treat disease
___A project started in 2003 with the goal of sequencing the entirety of the human genome

10.
Gel Electrophoresis a.
What do the bands in the drawing of the agarose gel represent? b.
Which band(s) traveled slowest? c.
Which band(s) traveled fastest? d.
How many bands are shared in common by all of the individuals? e.
Are there any bands which are unique to only one individual? If so, which one?
11.
What is the function of a vector in genetic engineering? List two types of vectors.
12.
List the steps to making recombinant DNA.
13.
List the steps to making a transgenic organism.
14.
Match the correct description with the genetic disease:
___cystic fibrosis A. autosomal dominant, causes brain degeneration
___ sickle cell anemia
___ hemophilia
___ huntington’s
___ red-green colorblindness
___ PKU
___ Tay-Sach’s
B. sex-linked recessive, cannot distinguish red/green
C. sex-linked recessive, missing blood clotting protein
D. autosomal recessive, missing enzyme that breaks up mucus in digestive and respiratory systems
E. autosomal recessive, causes death in children
F. autosomal recessive, can be controlled by a diet low in phenylalanine
G. autosomal codominant, hemoglobin protein is shaped incorrectly leading to incorrect shape of red blood cells.
Evolution
15.
Match the term with the correct definition a.
Evolution b.
Natural selection c.
Variations d.
Darwin e.
Artificial selection f.
Genetic equilibrium g.
h.
i.
Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
Mimicry j.
Camouflage k.
Homologous structures l.
Analogous structures

Structures with the same function found in animals that have a different common ancestor
Caused by random events that remove genes from a population
Theory that living things come from other living things
Structures found in organisms with common evolutionary ancestry
Adaptation in which one animal resembles another
Scientist who proposed the idea of evolution by natural selection
This is an adaptation that aids in the survival of an organism
Change in populations over time
Type of evolution in which species evolve to be different even though they have a common ancestor
Breeding an organism with specific traits
Evolution is not occurring because the frequency of alleles stays the same over generations
Adaptation that allows an animal to blend in with its surroundings
Type of evolution in which a species evolves to be similar, no common ancestor
16.
Briefly explain the following types of natural selection next to picture:
17.
What are three things necessary for natural selection to occur?
18.
Briefly explain the process of speciation.

19.
What are the evidences of evolution? Briefly describe each in the table.
Evidence Description Example