ARTS AND CULTURE IN
VICTORIA
A Statistical Overview 2012
MARCH 2012
Prepared by the National Centre for Culture and Recreation Statistics, Australian
Bureau of Statistics, for the Statistics Working Group.
Arts and Culture in Victoria
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This report prepared by the National Centre for Culture and Recreation Statistics of the
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) provides Arts Victoria with a summary of data for
the cultural sector in Victoria (Vic.).
Information is obtained from various annual and periodic ABS national reports, some
of which are produced with the assistance of the Statistics Working Group, as well as
the Australia Council.
In some cases, the information has been augmented with Victorian-specific data not
published in the national reports, and with information from other sources where
relevant.
Material is updated as new reports are published and new data become available. It is
hoped that the information is a useful starting point for researchers and others
interested in this profile of the arts in Victoria.
NOTE
In the report, Victoria is often compared with the whole of Australia (e.g. tables may
show a column ‘Percentage in Vic.').
To put this in context:
According to the 2006 Census, the population of Victoria was 4,932,422 while the
population of Australia was 19,855,288. Therefore, 25% of Australia's population lived
in Victoria.
The material in this report has been prepared for Arts Victoria
by the National Centre for Culture and Recreation Statistics
of the Australian Bureau of Statistic
2
Arts and Culture in Victoria
CONTENTS
SUMMARY
I
1.
CULTURAL ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION
1
2.
EMPLOYMENT, WORK AND VOLUNTEERS IN CULTURE
10
3.
CHILDREN, YOUNG PEOPLE AND THE ARTS
20
4.
INDIGENOUS PARTICIPATION IN THE ARTS
31
5.
PEOPLE BORN OVERSEAS AND THE ARTS
37
6.
PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY AND THE ARTS
42
7.
PERSONS 60 YEARS AND OLDER AND THE ARTS
45
8.
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE ON CULTURE
48
9.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
50
10.
CULTURAL FUNDING BY GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS
58
11.
MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES
63
12.
LIBRARIES
66
13.
THE PERFORMING ARTS
69
14.
CINEMA, FILM AND VIDEO
73
15.
SOURCES OF DATA ABOUT CULTURE
75
APPENDIX 1: DETAILED OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT
TABLES
79
Arts and Culture in Victoria
SUMMARY
ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION
In Victoria 87% of people attended cultural venues and events in the 12-months prior
to interview in 2009–10.

3.7 million people living in Victoria attended a selected cultural venue or event at
least once during the 12-months prior to interview in 2009–10, representing 87% of
the population aged 15 years and over.
Archives
Dance performances
Classical music concerts
Theatre performances
Other performing arts
Musicals and operas
Museums
Art galleries
Popular music concerts
Libraries
Cinemas
4%
9%
10%
17%
18%
21%
26%
26%
31%
33%
69%
0%
Archives
Dance performances
Classical music concerts
Theatre performances
Other performing arts
Musicals and operas
10%
20%
4%
9%
10%
17%
18%
21%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Museums
Art galleries
Popular music concerts
Libraries
Cinemas
70%
80%
26%
26%
31%
33%
69%
(a) In the 12-months before interview.
(b) Persons aged 15 years and over.
Source: Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, Australia, 2009–10 (cat. no. 4114.0).

95% of young people (15–24 years) in Victoria attended a cultural venue or event
in the12-months prior to interview in 2009–10.
i
Arts and Culture in Victoria

In the 12 months prior to April 2009, over two thirds (71%) of Victorian children
aged 5–14 years attended a public library; museum or art gallery, or a performing
arts event.

60% of people in Victoria aged 5 years and over with a disability, and 59% of
people in Victoria aged 60 and over, visited at least one cultural event or venue in
2009.


Many people in Victoria participated in cultural activities as a hobby in the 12months prior to April 2007:

548,500 participated in art and craft,

85,700 in writing, and;

67,800 in music.
In the 12-months to April 2009, 32% (214,400) of children aged 5–14 years in
Victoria were involved in at least one of four selected organised cultural activities
(Playing a musical instrument, singing, dancing or drama) outside of school hours.

113,800 adults (aged 18 years and over) in Victoria undertook volunteer work in an
arts or heritage organisation in the 12-months prior to interview in 2010, equating
to 8% of the adult population.
ii
Arts and Culture in Victoria
EMPLOYMENT AND WORK
In Victoria 877,300 people were involved in a culture or leisure activity in 2007.

21% of all people aged 15 years and over living in Victoria undertook some paid or
unpaid work in culture and leisure activities in the 12-months prior to interview in
April 2007, totalling 877,300 people. Of these, 32% received payment for their
work.
In Victoria 77,192 people had a cultural occupation as their main job in the week prior
to the 2006 Census.

127,259 people were employed in either a cultural occupation or industry in their
main job.

42,789 people were employed in a cultural occupation in the cultural industry.

34,400 people were employed in a cultural occupation in a non-cultural industry.

50,070 people were employed in a non-cultural occupation in the cultural industry.
Cultural industry
Non-cultural industry
Non-cultural occupation
Cultural industry
All cultural employment
Cultural occupation
42,789
34,400
50,070
127,259
iii
Arts and Culture in Victoria
INDIGENOUS ARTS AND CULTURE
Almost one third (31%) of Indigenous people living in Victoria participated in at least
one Indigenous creative arts activity in 2008.

302 Indigenous people in Victoria were employed in a cultural occupation as their
main job in 2006, representing 4% of all employed Indigenous people in Victoria.

8,300 Indigenous people in Victoria visited a cultural heritage institution (library,
museum or art gallery) at least once in the three months prior to being interviewed
in 2008, while 9,500 attended movies, theatres or concerts.
6,700 Indigenous people in Victoria aged 15 years and over participated in at least one
Indigenous creative arts activity (including art and craft; music, dance or theatre; and
writing or telling stories) in the 12-months prior to interview in 2008. This equates to
31% of the Victorian Indigenous population.
CULTURAL SPENDING
In Victoria, household expenditure on cultural goods and services was $5,199 million
in 2009–10, averaging $47.50 a week.

Of that expenditure Victorian households spent most on:
Televisions and home entertainment systems
$1,244m ($11.37 / week)
Books
$618m ($5.65 / week)
Pay TV fees
$507m ($4.63 / week)

$550 million in Victorian State Government cultural funding in 2009-10

In 2009-10, cultural funding by the state government totalled $549.6 million, which
equates to an average of $99.92 per person.

Cultural funding by local government in Victoria was $320.2 million in 2009-10,
which equates to $58.22 per person.
iv
Arts and Culture in Victoria
CULTURAL INDUSTRIES
The Victorian television services industry had an income of $950.1 million in 2006–07.

Almost 16,700 actively trading businesses in Victoria were in a cultural industry at
the start of the 2008–09 financial year. The largest numbers of businesses were in
Architectural services.

The income for performing arts operations in Victoria was $190.5 million in 2006–
07.

In Victoria, the income for museums and art galleries was $239.3 million in 2007–
08.
v
Arts and Culture in Victoria
1. CULTURAL ATTENDANCE
AND PARTICIPATION
This chapter provides information about Australians’ cultural pursuits, such as
attendance at cultural venues and events, and time spent on particular leisure
activities. Culture and leisure activities range from going to the theatre or a popular
concert, to reading a book, or even watching TV.
ATTENDANCE RATE AT SELECTED CULTURAL VENUES AND
EVENTS
The 2009–10 ABS Survey of Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events
collected data on attendance at selected cultural venues and events. Most people
(87% or 3.9 million) aged 15 years and over in Victoria attended at least one of the
cultural venues or events in the 12-month period, compared with 86% nationally.
If Zoological parks and aquariums and Botanic gardens are excluded from these
figures, then 87% of persons aged 15 years and over in Victoria (or 3.7 million)
attended at least one of the cultural venues or events in the 12-month period,
compared with 85% nationally.
In 2009–10, of the people aged 15 years and over in Victoria:

69% attended cinemas compared with 67% of Australians

33% attended libraries compared with 34% of Australians

31% attended popular music concerts compared with 30% of Australians

26% attended art galleries compared with 26% of Australians

26% attended museums compared with 26% of Australians

21% attended musicals and operas compared with 16% of Australians

18% attended other performing arts events compared with 17% of Australians

17% attended theatre performances compared with 16% of Australians

10% attended classical music concerts compared with 9% of Australians

9% attended dance performances compared with 10% of Australians

4% attended archives compared with 4% of Australians
1
Arts and Culture in Victoria
1.1: Attendance rates at selected cultural venues and events(a)(b), Victoria and
Australia, 2009-10
Vic.
Australia
Art galleries
Museums
Zoological parks
and aquariums
Botanic gardens
Libraries
Archives
Classical music concerts
Popular music concerts
Theatre performances
Dance performances
Musicals and operas
Other performing arts
Cinemas
0
20
40
%
60
Victoria
Australia
Art galleries
26.2%
25.9%
Museums
25.6%
25.5%
Zoological parks and aquariums
38.5%
36.8%
Botanic gardens
40.0%
35.2%
Libraries
33.4%
33.5%
Archives
4.4%
3.5%
Classical music concerts
9.9%
8.9%
Popular music concert
31.1%
30.3%
Theatre performances
17.4%
16.3%
Dance performances
9.9%
10.1%
Musical and operas
20.5%
16.3%
Other performing arts
18.0%
16.8%
At least one performing arts event
54.5%
52.3%
Cinemas
69.2%
67.0%
At least one venue or event
87.2%
85.8%
(a) In the 12-months before interview.
(b) Persons aged 15 years and over.
Source: Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, Australia, 2009-10 (cat. no. 4114.0).
2
80
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Overall, a higher proportion of females than males attended cultural venues and
events in Victoria. The largest difference between male and female attendance was at
libraries with 39% of females attending compared with 28% of males.
1.2: Attendance rates at selected cultural venues and events(a)(b), Victoria, by
sex, 2009-10
Males
Females
Art galleries
Museums
Zoological parks
and aquariums
Botanic gardens
Libraries
Archives
Classical music concerts
Popular music concerts
Theatre performances
Dance performances
Musicals and operas
Other performing arts
Cinemas
0
20
40
%
60
Females
80
Males
Art galleries
28.4%
23.4%
Museums
26.3%
24.8%
Zoological parks and aquariums
40.5%
36.4%
Botanic gardens
41.3%
38.6%
Libraries
39.0%
27.6%
Archives
4.9%
3.9%
Classical music concerts
11.6%
8.2%
Popular music concert
32.2%
29.9%
Theatre performances
19.9%
14.8%
Dance performances
12.2%
6.4%
Musical and operas
25.4%
15.3%
Other performing arts
20.1%
15.9%
At least one performing arts event
59.7%
49.2%
Cinemas
72.0%
66.2%
At least one venue or event
89.0%
85.4%
(a) In the 12-months before interview.
(b) Persons aged 15 years and over.
Source: Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, Australia — State Tables for Victoria (cat. no. 4114.0).
3
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Attendance rates at musicals and operas and cinemas were noticeably higher in the
capital city.
1.3: Attendance rates at selected cultural venues and events(a)(b), Victoria, by
region 2009-10
Capital city
Rest of State
Art galleries
Museums
Zoological parks
and aquariums
Botanic gardens
Libraries
Archives
Classical music concerts
Popular music concerts
Theatre performances
Dance performances
Musicals and operas
Other performing arts
Cinemas
0
20
40
%
60
Capital city
Rest of State
Art galleries
27.3%
23.1%
Museums
26.9%
21.7%
Zoological parks and aquariums
40.2%
33.7%
Botanic gardens
39.8%
40.7%
Libraries
34.8%
29.4%
Archives
4.8%
3.4%
Classical music concerts
10.9%
7.0%
Popular music concert
31.2%
30.8%
Theatre performances
17.8%
16.2%
Dance performances
10.1%
7.0%
Musical and operas
22.2%
15.6%
Other performing arts
18.8%
15.8%
At least one performing arts event
55.5%
51.5%
Cinemas
72.4%
60.0%
At least one venue or event
88.3%
84.1%
(a) In the 12-months before interview.
(b) Persons aged 15 years and over.
Source: Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, Australia — State Tables for Victoria (cat. no.4114.0).
4
80
Arts and Culture in Victoria
A higher proportion of persons in the 15–17 year age group in Victoria (99%) attended
at least one cultural venue or event in 2009–10, compared with the other age groups
surveyed.
1.4 Attendance rate at selected cultural venues and events (a), Victoria, by age,
2009-10
15–17
years
18–24
years
25–34
years
35–44
years
45–54
years
55–64
years
65–74
years
>74
years
Total
Art galleries
31.2%
23.2%
23.8%
24.1%
30.1%
30.7%
27.2%
19.1%
26.2%
Museums
38.8%
12.3%
26.8%
30.9%
30.7%
27.8%
20.9%
11.1%
25.6%
Zoological parks and aquariums
45.9%
36.6%
49.3%
53.9%
35.5%
29.3%
23.9%
12.0%
38.5%
Botanic gardens
33.6%
28.0%
46.9%
42.7%
46.3%
39.3%
41.1%
25.1%
40.0%
Libraries
38.9%
29.6%
36.0%
34.1%
36.0%
33.8%
29.7%
25.3%
33.4%
4.4%
Archives
np
*2.7%
4.6%
3.2%
8.7%
4.7%
*3.5%
**1.7%
Classical music concerts
*4.7%
*7.9%
6.2%
6.5%
14.9%
13.6%
16.2%
7.6%
9.9%
Popular music concerts
38.1%
47.2%
42.4%
34.7%
26.3%
22.1%
14.1%
9.3%
31.1%
Theatre performances
*19.0%
17.0%
14.6%
17.2%
21.7%
19.3%
18.1%
9.0%
17.4%
Dance performances
16.1%
*7.7%
7.9%
10.8%
11.3%
8.3%
8.2%
*5.1%
9.3%
Musicals and operas
*20.9%
15.7%
19.2%
20.3%
24.4%
25.2%
23.5%
8.6%
20.5%
Other performing arts
22.9%
16.1%
23.2%
20.7%
20.6%
11.4%
15.9%
*6.4%
18.0%
At least one performing arts event
61.9%
60.6%
61.0%
57.6%
54.9%
50.5%
47.9%
27.7%
54.5%
Cinemas
94.1%
87.2%
81.1%
72.1%
68.7%
59.3%
47.0%
28.4%
69.2%
At least one venue or event
98.9%
95.1%
94.3%
90.8%
86.4%
84.0%
75.9%
59.3%
87.2%
np not available for publication
* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution
** estimate has a relative standard error of over 50% and is considered too unreliable for general use
(a) In the 12-months before interview.
Source: Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, Australia — State Tables for Victoria (cat. no.4114.0).
FREQUENCY OF ATTENDANCE AT SELECTED CULTURAL
VENUES AND EVENTS
As the frequency of attendance at libraries and cinemas is higher than the other
cultural venues and events, these data are presented in a separate table. In the
previous 12-months, almost half (47%) of those who went to the cinemas went more
than six times, and almost two-thirds (62%) of those who went to the libraries,
attended more than six times.
5
Arts and Culture in Victoria
1.5 Frequency of attendance at Cinemas and Libraries (a)(b), Victoria, 2009-10
1-5 times
6-15 times
16 times or more
Total who
attended
Number (‘000)
Cinemas
1 619.8
Libraries
564.2
1 140.5
296.4
3 056.7
483.2
429.4
1 476.8
9.7%
100.0%
Attendance Rate %
Cinema
53.0%
37.3%
Libraries
38.2%
32.7%
29.1%
(a) In the 12-months before interview.
(b) Persons aged 15 years and over.
Source: ABS data available on request, Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, 2009–10.
100.0%
Most participants who attended dance performances, musicals and operas, archives,
and museums went only once in the 12-month period. However, of those who attended
the other cultural venues and events, most people attended more than once.
1.6 Frequency of attendance at selected cultural venues and events (a)(b),
Victoria, 2009-10
Once
2-4 times
5 times or
more
Total who
attended
Art galleries
412.3
549.3
195.8
1 157.4
Museums
605.5
409.8
115.3
1 130.6
Zoological parks and aquariums
804.1
754.3
142.4
1 700.9
Botanic gardens
586.5
793.0
388.6
1 768.1
Archives
107.3
69.8
*17.5
194.6
Classical music concerts
174.8
193.1
70.0
437.8
Popular music concerts
493.2
608.8
271.9
1 374.0
Theatre performances
366.4
310.4
91.1
767.9
Dance performances
225.8
146.3
39.0
411.0
Musicals and operas
476.2
373.9
54.3
904.4
Other performing arts
475.2
261.9
59.5
796.6
Attendance rate (%)
Art galleries
35.6%
47.5%
16.9%
100.0%
Museums
53.6%
36.2%
10.2%
100.0%
Zoological parks and aquariums
47.3%
44.3%
8.4%
100.0%
Botanic gardens
33.2%
44.9%
22.0%
100.0%
Archives
55.1%
35.9%
*9.0%
100.0%
Classical music concerts
39.9%
44.1%
16.0%
100.0%
Popular music concerts
35.9%
44.3%
19.8%
100.0%
Theatre performances
47.7%
40.4%
11.9%
100.0%
Dance performances
54.9%
35.6%
9.5%
100.0%
Musicals and operas
52.7%
41.3%
6.0%
100.0%
Other performing arts
59.7%
32.9%
7.5%
* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution
(a) In the 12-months before interview.
(b) Persons aged 15 years and over.
Source: ABS data available on request, Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, 2009–10.
6
100.0%
Arts and Culture in Victoria
READING FOR PLEASURE
Research conducted by Starcom for Australia Council for the Arts, Books Alive 2008 reader research, looked at the reading habits of 1,200 Australians aged 16 to 65, who
had read a book for pleasure in the last three years. The study found that almost 7 out
of 10 people reported reading books regularly. Of those who read regularly for
pleasure, most read magazines (66%), newspapers (61%) or fiction books (58%),
while less than half read non-fiction books (41%).
Enjoyment was a main motivator for people, with 83% of readers reporting this as a
reason for the activity. General interest was also a popular reason (68%), followed by
relaxation and reducing stress (67%) and to improve knowledge (59%).
The main barriers preventing most readers from reading included lack of time (47%)
and the cost of new books (40%), however 24% of those surveyed reported that there
were no significant barriers to reading.
Technology has changed the way some people read books. The 2010 Get Reading!
Campaign Effectiveness Research (AMR Interactive, 2010) showed that 13% of
people who have read a book for pleasure in the last three years currently download
electronic books (e-books) from the Internet. These e-books are read on devices such
as phones/PDA/laptop (10%) and e-book readers (6%). When asked about their future
intentions for adopting reading technologies, 21% said they would consider
downloading an e-book, 22% said they would consider using an e-book reader and
16% said they would consider reading an e-book on their phone/PDA/laptop.
More information on the Get Reading! research is available at:
http://www.australiacouncil.gov.au/research/literature. However, there is no state level
data provided.
ABS data collected on children’s reading is available in Chapter 3 of this report,
‘Children, Young People and the Arts’.
7
Arts and Culture in Victoria
USE OF FREE TIME
How people spend their time was the subject of an ABS survey conducted in 2006.
People aged 15 years and over were asked to record what they did during a two-day
period. Information was recorded on necessary activities such as eating and sleeping,
and the usual activities such as paid work, study, housework and unpaid community
work.
The time left in the day after these activities have been accounted for is considered
free time, and it is under the broad heading of free time that most culture and
recreation activities appear.
Many free time activities can be undertaken simultaneously with another activity (e.g.
watching TV while eating a meal, or listening to the radio while doing housework). The
information presented below shows the time spent by participants on each activity,
regardless of whether it was the main activity being undertaken at the time or whether
it was a secondary activity being undertaken simultaneously.
It is perhaps not too surprising that watching TV was found to be the activity which
took up most people's leisure time. On a daily basis 87% of Australians watched TV for
an average of just less than 3 hours (179 minutes), down slightly from the 1997 figure
of 182 minutes. This means that in 2006, Australians aged 15 years and over spent a
total of 42m person hours watching TV each day.
Other activities on which Australians spent a large amount of time included listening to
the radio and reading.
The Time Use Survey found that visiting entertainment and cultural venues attracted
about 4% of the population who spent on average about two hours when they
attended. The total time spent by all Australians on visiting entertainment and cultural
venues (1.3m person hours per day) was similar to the time spent on religious
activities and listening to records, tapes, CDs and other audio media (1.3m person
hours per day and 1.1m person hours per day respectively).
8
Arts and Culture in Victoria
1.7 Average time spent on selected culture and leisure activities(a)(b), 2006
Participants
average
Participation
rate
(mins per day)
(%)
Total time
spent by all
Australians
(million person
hours per day)
Average % of
day spent on
activity by all
Australians
(%)
Visiting entertainment and
cultural venues
114
4.3%
1.3
0.3%
Attendance at sports event
127
1.6%
0.5
0.1%
91
5.3%
1.3
0.3%
Sport and outdoor activity
88
25.6%
6.2
1.5%
Games/hobbies/arts/crafts
100
17.7%
4.9
1.2%
Religious activities/ritual
ceremonies
Reading
76
43.7%
8.9
2.3%
TV watching/listening
179
87.4%
42
10.8%
Video/DVD watching
109
8.3%
2.4
0.6%
Listening to radio
123
47.9%
15.9
4.1%
71
5.6%
1.1
0.3%
113
0.6%
0.2
-
83
22.7%
5.8
1.3%
Listening to records/tapes/CDs
and other audio media
Attendance at courses
(excluding school and university)
Audio/visual media nec(c)
- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Includes only those that have taken part in the activity.
(b) Includes cultural activities that were undertaken as a secondary activity.
(c) Computer and internet use, other than for games.
Source: ABS data available on request, How Australians Use Their Time 2006.
CULTURAL TOURISM
The report Cultural Tourism in Regions of Australia prepared by Tourism Research
Australia (2005) for the former Cultural Ministers Council Statistics Working Group,
provides information on both domestic and international cultural visitors. The report is
available on the following website at
http://www.culturaldata.gov.au/sites/www.culturaldata.gov.au/files/Cultural_tourism_in_
regions_of_Australia.pdf
More recent information is available in Cultural and Heritage Tourism in Australia,
2009, (Tourism Research Australia, 2009) which is available on the website at
http://www.ret.gov.au/tourism/Documents/tra/Snapshots%20and%20Factsheets/Cultur
al_09_FINAL.pdf
9
Arts and Culture in Victoria
2. EMPLOYMENT, WORK AND
VOLUNTEERS IN CULTURE
There are challenges in measuring how many people are employed in culture. Some
people have only short-term jobs, while others have a cultural job that is not their main
job. Nevertheless, there are several data sources that provide an indication of the
number of people working in culture. The two main sources are the 2006 Census of
Population and Housing and the 2007 Survey of Work in Selected Culture and Leisure
Activities. Data are also presented from the Service Industry Surveys.
PERSONS EMPLOYED IN CULTURAL OCCUPATIONS &
INDUSTRIES
Cultural employment can be defined using either occupation data, that is, the type of
work people do; or industry data, that is, the main activity of the business for whom
people work.
Consequently, data by industry will include people who have a non-cultural occupation
within a cultural industry (such as clerks, receptionists and sales assistants) and will
exclude people who have cultural occupations but do not work in cultural industries
(such as a librarian working in an educational institution).
According to the Census of Population and Housing, in 2006 there were 127,259
persons in Victoria who were employed in either a cultural occupation or a cultural
industry.
However, the Census data provide an incomplete picture of the number of people who
do cultural work because the Census records the person’s main occupation. A
person’s main occupation refers to the job in which the person usually works the most
hours. Some people in cultural jobs, such as musicians, may have the cultural job as
their second job. The Census data also exclude people who did unpaid work in cultural
jobs (e.g. volunteers working for the National Trust), as well as those who were
'between jobs', as some types of cultural work (e.g. acting) are periodic in nature.
10
Arts and Culture in Victoria
2.1 Cultural Employment (main job), Victoria, 2006
Cultural industry
Non-cultural industry
Non-cultural occupation
Cultural industry
All cultural employment
Cultural occupation
42,789
34,400
50,070
127,259
Persons employed in cultural occupations
The 2006 Census showed that 77,192 people in Victoria had a cultural occupation as
their main job in the week before the 2006 Census. This was 3% of all employed
persons in Victoria.
Table 2.1 displays data at a broad occupation level. Appendix 1 shows detailed
occupation data and reveals that the most popular cultural occupations (main job in the
week before the 2006 Census) included graphic designers (6,509 people), architects
(3,726 people) and ministers of religion (3,448 people).
11
Arts and Culture in Victoria
2.2 Persons employed in selected cultural occupation groups(a)(b), Victoria and
Australia, 2006
Occupation
Heritage collections
Built, collectable and environmental heritage workers
Library and archive workers
Other heritage workers
Total heritage workers
Arts
Writers and print media workers
Performing artists and music composers
Performing arts support workers (other than equipment
operators)
Visual arts and crafts professionals
Architects and urban planners
Design workers
Broadcasting, film and recorded media equipment operators
Printing workers
Other arts support workers
Other arts workers
Total arts workers
Other cultural workers
Victoria
Australia
Percentage
in Vic. (c)
2 457
6 381
11
8 844
9 766
25 739
69
35 572
25%
25%
16%
25%
6 049
3 768
3 742
23 767
15 409
14 746
26%
25%
25%
3 627
8 630
17 669
2 176
9 935
5 384
1 141
62 117
6 234
14 152
32 037
59 335
8 126
31 073
21 119
4 271
224 040
25 181
26%
27%
30%
27%
32%
26%
27%
28%
25%
Total employed in cultural occupations
77 192
284 789
27%
(a) As the main job in the week before the Census.
(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
(c) According to the 2006 Census of Population and Housing, 25% of Australia’s population lived in Victoria in August
2006.
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2006.
Persons employed in cultural industries
The 2006 Census showed that in Victoria, 92,859 people had their main occupation in
a cultural industry and 54% (50,070) of these did not have a cultural occupation. The
cultural industries that employed the greatest number of people were the printing
industry (12,183) and architectural services industry (8,474).
12
Arts and Culture in Victoria
2.3 Persons employed in selected cultural industries(a)(b), Victoria, 2006
Industry
Cultural
occupations
Other
occupations(c)
Heritage
Libraries and archives
1 610
Museum operation
695
Zoological and botanic gardens operation
125
Nature reserves and conservation parks operation
493
Total heritage industries
2 923
Arts
Printing
5 599
Newspaper publishing
3 028
Magazine and other periodical publishing
586
Internet publishing and broadcasting
74
Book publishing
1 029
Music publishing
3
Reproduction of recorded media
93
Music and other sound recording activities
179
Book and magazine wholesaling
80
Entertainment media retailing
59
Newspaper and book retailing
55
Architectural services
5 849
Advertising services
2 481
Other specialised design services
3 983
Motion picture and video production
1 487
Post-production services and other motion picture and
157
video activities
Motion picture and video distribution
28
Motion picture exhibition
594
Radio broadcasting
544
Free-to-air television broadcasting
1 588
Cable and other subscription broadcasting
52
Performing arts operation
859
Creative artists, musicians, writers and performers
3 205
Performing arts venue operation
196
Video and other electronic media rental
39
Professional photographic services
1 398
Arts education
2 848
Total arts industries
36 093
Other culture
Religious services
3 014
Funeral, crematorium and cemetery services
759
Total other culture industries
3 773
Total cultural industries
42 789
(a) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
(b) As the main job in the week before the Census.
(c) Includes respondents who did not state their occupation group.
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2006.
Total
447
1 057
478
1 151
3 133
2 057
1 752
603
1 644
6 056
6 584
3 080
902
147
1 772
59
732
68
1 013
1 242
6 318
2 625
5 569
1 870
522
91
12 183
6 108
1 488
221
2 801
62
825
247
1 093
1 301
6 373
8 474
8 050
5 853
2 009
248
193
2 118
535
889
622
440
714
488
2 238
450
1 144
42 425
221
2 712
1 079
2 477
674
1 299
3 919
684
2 277
1 848
3 992
78 518
3 868
644
4 512
50 070
6 882
1 403
8 285
92 859
13
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Persons employed in cultural occupations and industries by regions of
Victoria
The majority of cultural occupations and industries operated within the Melbourne
region. However, outside of Melbourne, the Barwon Statistical Division employed the
most people working within cultural industries (3,715) and people with cultural
occupations (3,107).
2.4 Persons employed in cultural occupations and industries(a)(b), Victoria, by
statistical division, 2006
Statistical Division
Melbourne
Inner Melbourne
Western Melbourne
Melton-Wyndham
Moreland City
Northern Middle Melbourne
Hume City
Northern Outer Melbourne
Boroondara City
Eastern Middle Melbourne
Eastern Outer Melbourne
Yarra Ranges Shire Part A
Southern Melbourne
Greater Dandenong City
South Eastern Outer Melbourne
Frankston City
Mornington Peninsula Shire
Melbourne total
Balance of Victoria
Barwon
Western District
Central Highlands
Wimmera
Mallee
Loddon
Goulburn
Ovens-Murray
East Gippsland
Gippsland
Balance of Victoria total
Total(c)
Cultural
occupations
Other
occupations(c)
Total
12 640
5 861
1 857
3 024
4 953
1 193
2 321
3 800
7 181
3 847
2 224
8 147
1 280
2 888
1 466
1 630
64 320
13 550
6 718
2 461
3 093
5 262
1 514
2 716
4 489
8 682
5 305
2 772
10 086
1 602
3 904
2 188
2 169
76 516
147 054
183 187
90 619
59 735
112 044
61 386
87 657
77 013
196 002
124 865
69 494
189 112
47 963
127 874
54 168
57 804
1 685 962
3 107
751
1 614
333
600
2 032
1 480
952
604
1 303
12 772
77 192
3 715
979
2 147
493
771
2 618
1 899
1 112
744
1 749
16 230
92 861
114 488
45 570
62 228
21 721
38 500
73 278
86 605
43 774
32 900
66 885
585 961
2 274 447
(a) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
(b) As the main job in the week before the Census.
(c) Includes Vic. Off-Shore Areas, Migratory and No Usual Address.
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2006.
For further detail about Statistical Divisions, see ABS publication Australian Standard
Geographical Classification (ASGC), Jul 2009 (cat. no. 1216.0).
14
Arts and Culture in Victoria
PERSONS EMPLOYED IN SELECTED CULTURAL INDUSTRIES
(SERVICE INDUSTRIES SURVEYS)
Information on employment in cultural industries is also available from the ABS Service
Industries Surveys. These surveys count people who worked in an industry, regardless
of whether it was their main job or not. Most of these surveys included only employing
businesses (unlike data for the Australian National Accounts) and therefore do not
reflect the activities of the whole industry. However, even though there are numerous
businesses in Australia without employees, their overall contribution to economic
activity is relatively small.
The surveys showed that museums in Victoria employed 2,070 people at the end of
June 2008 and this was 26% of the people employed in museums within Australia. At
the end of June 2007, 2,384 people were employed in the film and video production
industry and at the end of June 2004, local government libraries in Victoria employed
2,488 people.
2.5 Persons employed in selected cultural industries(a)(b), Victoria and Australia
Industry
At end of
June
Vic.
Australia
Percentage
in Vic
Museums
2008
2 070
7 856
26.3%
Film and video production
2007
^2 384
10 873
21.9%
Film and video post-production
2007
^580
2 971
19.5%
Television services(b)
2007
1 431
6 980
20.5%
Local government libraries
2004
2 488
10 606
23.5%
Performing arts operation
2007
1 754
6 569
26.7%
Performing arts venues
2007
1 592
5 876
27.1%
^ estimate has a relative standard error of 10% to less than 25% and should be used with caution.
(a) According to the 2006 Census of Population and Housing, 25% of Australia’s population lived in Victoria in August
2006.
(b) Commercial free-to-air broadcasters (excludes pay TV).
Source: Museums, Australia, 2007-08 (cat. no. 8560.0); Television, Film and Video Production and Post-Production
Services, Australia, 2006-07 (cat. no. 8679.0); Performing Arts, Australia, 2006-07 (cat. no. 8697.0); Public Libraries,
Australia, 2003-04 (cat. no. 8561.0).
15
Arts and Culture in Victoria
WORK IN CULTURE ACTIVITIES (PAID AND UNPAID)
The 2007 Survey of Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities (ABS, 2007)
collected information on people who had a work involvement in culture and leisure
activities in the 12-months before the interview. The survey included those people
whose involvement was in a main or second job, was casual or whose work was
unpaid.
In Victoria, 21% of the population aged 15 years and over (or 877,300 persons) had
involvement in selected culture and leisure activities in the 12-months ending April
2007. The majority of these people (67%) received no payment for their involvement in
the cultural activity.
2.6 Persons involved in selected culture and leisure activities(a)(b), by payment
status, Victoria and Australia, 2007
Victoria
Number
Australia
Percentage of
total population
Number
Percentage of
total population
Some paid involvement(c)
278.8
6.8%
1 062.1
6.5%
Unpaid involvement only
587.1
14.3%
2 428.6
14.9%
Total persons involved
877.3
21.4%
3 531.0
21.7%
(a) In the 12-months before interview.
(b) Persons aged 15 years and over.
(c) Includes persons who only received goods or services as payment.
(d) Includes people whose payment status was not known.
Source: ABS data available on request, Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities, Australia, April 2007.
In Victoria, the more common cultural work activities included writing (154,300),
photography (148,300) and creating artwork with a computer (138,600).
16
Arts and Culture in Victoria
2.7 Persons involved in selected culture and leisure activities(a)(b), Victoria and
Australia, 2007
Type of activity
Heritage
Museum
Public art gallery
Library or archive
Heritage organisation
Botanic gardens
National park or reserve
Zoo or aquarium
Total heritage(d)
Arts
Visual art activities
Drawing
Painting
Sculpture
Photography
Print making
Creating artwork with a computer
Other visual art activities
Total visual art activities(d)
Craft activities
Pottery or ceramics
Textiles
Jewellery making
Furniture making or wood crafts
Glass crafts
Other craft activities
Total craft activities(d)
Writing
Publishing
Performing arts
Involved in performing arts but not as a performer
Involved in performing arts as a performer
Total performing arts
Music
Had involvement in music as a live performer
Did not have involvement in music as a live performer
Total music
Radio
Television
Film production
Cinema or video distribution
Designing websites
Designing computer games, or other interactive software
Design
Teaching
Festival
Art or craft show
Government arts department or agency
Total art(d)
Total(d)
Victoria
(‘000)
Australia
(‘000)
% in Vic
(c)
8.7
16.9
20.3
21.8
*9.8
30.7
**2.4
91.3
57.9
49.2
108.5
96.0
28.2
94.9
13.1
371.0
15.0%
34.3%
18.7%
22.7%
*34.8%
32.3%
**18.3%
24.6%
125.2
95.1
23.2
148.3
*14.2
138.6
*8.8
325.3
558.0
463.0
94.1
638.6
96.7
552.5
46.7
1 411.7
22.4%
20.5%
24.7%
23.2%
*14.8%
25.1%
*19.2%
23.0%
21.8
81.9
38.3
68.4
*4.6
66.4
237.1
154.3
51.4
81.5
282.4
192.9
316.8
34.1
260.4
960.8
606.5
208.4
26.8%
29.0%
19.9%
21.6%
*13.5%
25.5%
24.7%
25.5%
24.6%
56.7
64.1
120.8
223.3
283.0
506.3
25.4%
22.6%
23.9%
79.5
25.5
105.0
26.3
15.4
31.5
*10.9
60.0
*13.2
124.4
64.2
114.1
47.2
*6.9
840.8
877.3
252.5
82.6
335.1
105.9
77.4
101.0
32.5
254.3
75.4
459.2
256.7
409.8
200.0
41.1
3 386.7
3 531.0
31.5%
30.9%
31.3%
24.8%
19.9%
31.2%
*33.5%
23.6%
*17.5%
27.1%
25.0%
27.8%
23.6%
*16.8%
24.8%
24.8%
17
Arts and Culture in Victoria
* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution
** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% and is considered too unreliable for general use
(a)In the 12-months before interview.
(b Persons aged 15 years and over.
(c) According to the 2006 Census of Population and Housing, 25% of Australia’s population lived in Victoria in August 2006.
(d) Components may not add to totals as some persons were involved in more than one activity.
Source: Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities, Australia, April 2007 (cat. no. 6281.0).
Work in culture activities (paid and unpaid) by regions of Victoria
The following table shows involvement in selected culture and leisure activities by
Statistical Region.
2.8 Persons involved in selected culture and leisure activities(a)(b), Victoria, by
statistical region, 2007
Statistical Region
Total persons involved in
selected organised
cultural activities (‘000)
Percentage of
population aged
15 years and
over
Melbourne Major Statistical Region
Inner Melbourne
Southern Melbourne
70.0
30.0%
73.6
21.6%
Inner Eastern Melbourne
130.5
26.7%
North Eastern Melbourne
82.7
22.7%
North Western Melbourne
22.3
9.4%
Outer Western Melbourne
101.4
19.7%
Mornington Peninsula
44.7
21.5%
Outer Eastern Melbourne
67.9
23.4%
South Eastern Melbourne
Total Melbourne
*19.6
*6.4%
612.7
20.5%
Balance of Victoria Major
Barwon-Western District
66.6
21.1%
*41.9
*26.2%
Loddon-Mallee
56.0
24.6%
Goulburn-Ovens-Murray
52.9
23.1%
All Gippsland
47.1
25.7%
264.5
23.7%
877.3
21.4%
Central Highlands-Wimmera
Total balance of Victoria
Total Victoria
* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution
(a) In the 12-months before interview.
(b) Persons aged 15 years and over.
Source: ABS data available on request, Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities, Australia, April 2007.
For further detail about Statistical Regions, see ABS publication Australian Standard
Geographical Classification (ASGC), Jul 2009 (cat. no. 1216.0).
18
Arts and Culture in Victoria
CULTURAL HOBBIES
The ABS 2007 Survey of Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities also collected
data on people who had a hobby in art or craft, writing or music. The survey defined a
hobby as an activity for the participants’ own use, or for the benefit of their family. It is
important to note that some of those who are recorded as having a work involvement
may also have had an involvement as a hobby.
In Victoria, 548,500 people were involved in Art and craft as a hobby activity,
compared with 85,700 in Writing and 67,800 in Music.
2.9 Persons with a work and hobby involvement in selected culture activities
(a)(b), Victoria, 2007
Work (c)
‘000
Victoria
%
Hobby activity only
‘000
Persons
%
‘000
%
482.9
46.8%
548.5
53.2%
1 031.4
100.0%
2 008.5
48.4%
2 140.1
51.6%
4 148.6
100.0%
Victoria
154.3
64.3%
85.7
35.7%
240.1
100.0%
Australia
606.5
63.0%
356.9
37.0%
963.4
100.0%
Victoria
105.0
60.8%
67.8
39.2%
172.8
100.0%
Australia
335.1
55.8%
265.0
44.2%
600.1
100.0%
Art and craft
Australia
Writing
Music
(a) Persons aged 15 years and over.
(b) In the 12-months before interview.
(c) Work includes persons who only undertook paid or unpaid involvements and those who undertook work as well as
a hobby activity.
Source: ABS data available on request, Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities, April 2007.
CULTURAL VOLUNTEERS
The ABS conducted the 2010 Voluntary Work Survey to measure the extent of
voluntary work in Australia and the types of organisations that volunteers assisted.
This survey defined a volunteer as someone who willingly gave unpaid help in the form
of time, services or skills, through an organisation or group.
The survey found that 1.5 million people aged 18 years and over (36%) in Victoria
undertook volunteer work in the 12-months prior to interview, with 113,800 people
volunteering for an arts or heritage organisation. This was 8% of the volunteer
population (3% of total adult population) in Victoria, compared with 7% of the volunteer
population (2% of total adult population) nationally.
19
Arts and Culture in Victoria
3. CHILDREN, YOUNG
PEOPLE AND THE ARTS
Children (aged 5–14 years) and young people (aged 15–24 years) have different
participation rates in selected cultural activities compared with persons aged 25 years
and over.
CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION IN SELECTED CULTURAL
ACTIVITIES
In April 2009, the ABS Survey of Children’s Participation in Cultural and Leisure
Activities collected information about children’s participation in their free time in four
organised cultural activities, other selected leisure activities (including art and craft)
and their attendance at cultural venues.
In the 12-months to April 2009, 32% (214,400) of children aged 5–14 years in Victoria
were involved in at least one of four selected organised cultural activities (playing a
musical instrument, singing, dancing or drama) outside of school hours.
Playing a musical instrument was the most popular of the selected cultural activities,
with 17% of children in Victoria involved. By comparison, 15% were involved in
dancing, 6% were involved in singing and 5% were involved in drama.
Children in Victoria had similar participation rates as the national average in each of
the selected activities.
20
Arts and Culture in Victoria
3.1 Participation rate of children involved in selected organised cultural
activities(a)(b), Victoria and Australia, 2009
Vic.
Australia
Playing a musical
instrument
Singing
Dancing
Drama
At least
one selected
activity(c)
0
10
20
%
Victoria
Playing a musical instrument
17.3%
30
Australia
19.7%
Singing
6.3%
6.1%
Dancing
14.5%
14.3%
Drama
At least one selected activity
40
5.4%
4.7%
32.4%
33.7%
(a) Outside of school hours.
(b) In the 12-months before interview.
(c) Sum of activities does not add to total because some children were involved in more than one activity.
Source: ABS data available on request, Children’s Participation in Cultural and Leisure Activities, April 2009.
21
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Twice as many girls as boys in Victoria (44% compared with 22%) participated in at
least one of these cultural activities.
Of those children involved in dancing, 96% received lessons during the 12-month
period, compared with 82% of those involved in drama activities, 80% of those
involved in singing and 78% of those involved in playing a musical instrument.
Children’s participation in selected cultural activities by age group
The table below shows the participation of children in the four selected organised
cultural activities by age group.
3.2 Children involved in selected organised cultural activities(a)(b), Victoria and
Australia, 2009
Victoria
Australia
5-8 yrs
9-11 yrs
12-14 yrs
Total(c)
‘000
‘000
‘000
‘000
Participation
rate
Participation
rate
Playing a musical instrument
26.6
38.9
48.8
114.3
17.3%
Singing
14.5
13.6
13.3
41.5
6.3%
6.1%
Dancing
42.5
31.3
22.0
95.8
14.5%
14.3%
*11.4
10.3
14.0
35.7
5.4%
4.7%
72.0
69.9
72.5
214.4
32.4%
33.7%
Drama
At least one of these activities(d)
Participation rate
Playing a musical instrument
10.3%
19.6%
24.0%
Singing
5.6%
6.9%
6.5%
Dancing
16.4%
15.8%
10.8%
Drama
*4.4%
5.2%
6.9%
At least one of these activities(d)
27.8%
35.3%
35.6%
* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution
(a) Outside of school hours.
(b) In the 12-months before interview.
(c) Sum may not add to total due to rounding.
(d) Sum of activities does not add to total because some children were involved in more than one activity.
Source: ABS data available on request, Children’s Participation in Cultural and Leisure Activities, April 2009.
22
19.7%
Arts and Culture in Victoria
The participation rate for children involved in Playing a musical instrument or drama
was highest in the 12–14 years age group, whilst the participation rate for singing was
highest in the 9–11 years age group. Participation in dancing was highest in the 5–8
years age group.
3.3 Participation rates of children involved in selected organised cultural
activities(a)(b), Victoria, by age, 2009
%
25
5–8 years
9–11 years
12–14 years
20
15
10
5
0
Playing a musical instrument
Singing
Dancing
Drama
(a) Outside of school hours.
(b) In the 12-months before interview.
Source: ABS data available on request, Children’s Participation in Cultural and Leisure Activities, April 2009.
23
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Frequency of children’s participation in selected cultural activities
Most children who played a musical instrument or who were involved in singing or
dancing participated in these activities at least once per fortnight (more than 26 times
in the year). In comparison, the majority of children who were involved in drama
participated less than 26 times per year.
3.4 Participation rates of children involved in selected organised cultural
activities(a)(b), Victoria, by frequency, 2009
%
80
1–26 times
More than 26 times
60
40
20
0
Playing a musical instrument
Singing
Dancing
Drama
1-26 times
More than 26 times
Playing a musical instrument
28.5%
71.5%
Singing
49.0%
51.0%
Dancing
32.3%
67.7%
Drama
63.9%
63.0%
(a) In 12-months before interview.
(b) Outside of school hours.
Source: ABS data available on request, Children's Participation in Cultural and Leisure Activities, April 2009.
24
Arts and Culture in Victoria
CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION IN OTHER LEISURE
ACTIVITIES
The 2009 ABS survey also collected data on six selected leisure activities undertaken
by children in the two school weeks immediately prior to interview. It showed that 96%
of children in Victoria had watched TV, videos or DVDs outside of school hours; 84%
had participated in other screen-based activities; 78% did homework or other study;
72% of children read for pleasure; 66% had been bike riding and 49% had been
skateboarding, rollerblading or riding a scooter. Just under half (47%) of children in
Victoria participated in art and craft activities.
3.5 Participation rates of children involved in selected organised cultural
activities(a)(b), Victoria, by frequency, 2009
Victoria
Australia
5-8 yrs
9-11 yrs
12-14 yrs
Total(c)
Participatio
n rate
Participatio
n rate
‘000
‘000
‘000
‘000
Skateboarding, rollerblading or
riding a scooter
148.8
106.3
52.0
Bike riding
193.9
129.6
109.8
307.1
46.5%
49.3%
433.4
65.6%
Watching TV, DVDs or videos
246.8
192.2
60.4%
197.1
636.0
96.2%
97.4%
Other screen-based activities
193.6
Art and craft
166.7
176.9
183.5
554.0
83.8%
83.2%
91.9
49.7
308.3
46.6%
Reading for pleasure
48.3%
179.9
153.8
139.9
473.7
71.7%
72.2%
Homework or other study for school
165.2
166.2
181.9
513.2
77.6%
82.4%
Participation rate
Skateboarding, rollerblading or
riding a scooter
57.4%
53.6%
25.5%
Bike riding
74.8%
65.4%
53.9%
Watching TV, DVDs or videos
95.2%
97.0%
96.8%
Other screen-based activities
74.7%
89.3%
90.1%
Art and craft
64.3%
46.4%
24.4%
Reading for pleasure
69.4%
77.6%
68.7%
Homework or other study for school
63.7%
83.9%
89.3%
(a) Outside of school hours.
(b) In the two school weeks immediately prior to interview.
(c) Sum may not add to total due to rounding errors.
Source: Children’s Participation in Cultural and Leisure Activities, April 2009 (cat. no. 4901.0).
25
Arts and Culture in Victoria
The leisure activities with the greatest differences between age groups were Art and
craft activities, where the participation rates were higher in the 5–8 year age group;
homework and other study which had lower participation rates in the 5–8 year group;
and Bike riding where participation rates reduced in the 12–14 years age group.
3.6 Children involved in selected leisure activities (a)(b), Victoria, by age, 2009
%
100
5–8 years
9–11 years
12–14 years
80
60
40
20
0
Skateboarding,
rollerblading
or riding a scooter
Bike
riding
Watching TV,
Other
DVDs or videos screen-based
activities
Art and craft
Reading
for pleasure
(a) Outside of school hours.
(b) In the two school weeks immediately prior to interview.
Source: Children’s Participation in Cultural and Leisure Activities, April 2009 (cat. no. 4901.0).
26
Homework
or other study
for school
Arts and Culture in Victoria
CHILDREN’S ATTENDANCE AT SELECTED CULTURAL
VENUES AND EVENTS
In Victoria, 71% of children aged 5–14 years attended at least one of the selected
cultural venues or events outside of school hours. More than half (53%) of the children
had attended a public library; 41% of children attended a Museum or art gallery and
38% of children went to a Performing arts event.
3.7 Participation rates of children involved in selected organised cultural
activities(a)(b), Victoria, by frequency, 2009
5 to 14 years
Victoria
Number
‘000
Australia
Attendance
rate
Number
‘000
Attendance
rate
Museum or art gallery
272.9
41.3%
1 124.9
41.3%
Public library
350.4
53.0%
1 462.2
53.7%
Performing arts
250.7
37.9%
913.9
33.6%
Attended at least one of these (c)
472.0
71.4%
1 930.8
70.9%
(a) Outside of school hours.
(b) In the 12-months before interview.
(c) Sum of activities does not add to total because some children attended more than one cultural venue or event.
Source: Children’s Participation in Cultural and Leisure Activities, April 2009 (cat. no. 4901.0).
27
Arts and Culture in Victoria
YOUNG PEOPLE’S ATTENDANCE AT SELECTED CULTURAL
VENUES AND EVENTS
95% of young people (15–24 years) in Victoria attended a cultural venue or event in
the 12-months prior to interview in 2009–10.
According to the 2009–10 Survey of Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and
Events, young people aged 15–24 years had the highest attendance rates at cinemas
(89%), and popular music concerts (45%) compared with the other selected cultural
venues and events.
3.8 Attendance at selected cultural venues and events(a), Victoria, by age group,
2009-10
15-24 years
Number
‘000
25 years and over
Attendance
rate
Art galleries
198.0
25.6%
Museums
155.4
Zoological parks and aquariums
304.3
Botanic gardens
Number
‘000
Attendance
rate
959.4
26.3%
20.1%
975.2
26.7%
39.3%
1 396.6
38.3%
229.2
29.6%
1 538.8
42.2%
Libraries
250.5
32.4%
1 226.3
33.6%
Archives
*20.4
*2.6%
174.3
4.8%
Classical music concerts
53.9
7.0%
384.0
10.5%
Popular music concerts
344.1
44.5%
1 029.8
28.2%
Theatre performances
136.2
17.6%
631.8
17.3%
Dance performances
78.6
10.2%
332.3
9.1%
Musicals and operas
133.6
17.3%
770.8
21.1%
Other performing arts
140.0
18.1%
656.6
18.0%
Cinemas
690.3
89.2%
2 366.4
64.9%
At least one venue or event
744.4
96.2%
3 111.8
85.3%
At least one venue or event (excl. zoological
parks and aquariums and Botanic gardens)
730.5
94.4%
2986.1
81.9%
* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution
(a) In the 12-months before interview.
Source: ABS data available on request, Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, Australia, 2009–10.
Compared with persons aged 25 years or more, young people (aged 15–24 years)
were more likely to go to popular music concerts and cinemas and were less likely to
attend museums and classical music concerts.
28
Arts and Culture in Victoria
3.9 Attendance at selected cultural venues and events(a), Victoria, by age group,
2009-10
15–24 years
25 years and over
Art galleries
Museums
Zoological parks
and aquariums
Botanic gardens
Libraries
Archives
Classical music concerts
Popular music concerts
Theatre performances
Dance performances
Musicals and operas
Other performing arts
Cinema
0
20
40
60
80
100
%
(a) In 12-months before interview.
Source: ABS data available on request, Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, Australia, 2009–10.
YOUNG PEOPLE EMPLOYED IN CULTURAL OCCUPATIONS
The Census data show that in August 2006, of all employed young persons aged 15–
24 years in Victoria, 8,353 (2%) had their main job in a cultural occupation.
Young persons aged 15–24 years accounted for 12% of all persons with their main job
in a cultural occupation in Victoria.
Table 3.10 displays data at a broad occupation level. Appendix 1 shows that the
cultural occupations providing the largest number of jobs for young people were
graphic designers (979 persons), private music teachers (399 persons) and library
assistants (342 persons).
Note that Census data provides information on the person’s main job. It does not
provide information about second jobs or unpaid work.
29
Arts and Culture in Victoria
3.10 Persons employed in cultural occupations as main job(a)(b), Victoria, by
age, 2006
Occupation
15-24 years
25 years and
over
Heritage collections
Built, collectable and environmental heritage workers
143
2 316
Library and archive workers
508
5 873
Other heritage workers
–
11
Total heritage workers
652
8 197
Writers and print media workers
487
5 560
Performing artists and music composers
669
3 096
Performing arts support workers (other than equipment operators)
324
3 421
Visual arts and crafts professionals
209
3 413
Architects and urban planners
744
7 885
2 707
14 958
Broadcasting, film and recorded media equipment operators
418
1 760
Printing workers
910
9 024
Other arts support workers
931
4 452
Other arts workers
81
1 058
Total arts workers
7 482
54 629
Arts
Design workers
Other cultural workers
Total employed in cultural occupations
219
6 010
8 353
68 835
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Occupations considered as ‘cultural’ based on inclusion in the Australian Culture and Leisure Classifications.
(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2006.
30
Arts and Culture in Victoria
4. INDIGENOUS
PARTICIPATION IN THE ARTS
This chapter focuses on Indigenous Australians’ participation in a range of Indigenous
creative arts activities, such as music and visual arts, as well as attendance at
Indigenous events (e.g. festivals and ceremonies) and selected cultural activities.
Information is also provided on the number of Indigenous people employed in cultural
occupations.
INDIGENOUS POPULATION IN VICTORIA
According to the 2008 ABS National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social
Survey , 7% (21,938) of Australia’s estimated Indigenous population aged 15 years
and over lived in Victoria.
4.1 Indigenous population(a), Victoria and Australia, by selected characteristics,
2008
Victoria
Australia
(‘000)
(‘000)
Proportion of Australian
total in Victoria
Location
Remote
-
81.5
-
21.9
245.6
8.9%
15-34 years
11.6
173.7
6.7%
35 years and over
10.3
153.4
6.7%
Male
10.6
156.1
6.8%
Female
11.3
101.0
6.6%
21.9
327.1
6.7%
Non-remote
Age
Gender
Total
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Persons aged 15 years and over.
Source: ABS data available on request, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, 2008.
31
Arts and Culture in Victoria
PARTICIPATION IN INDIGENOUS CREATIVE ARTS
The 2008 ABS National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey collected
data on participation in Indigenous creative arts activities by Indigenous people aged
15 years and over.
In 2008, almost one-third (31%) of Indigenous persons aged 15 years and over living
in Victoria had participated in at least one Indigenous creative art activity. The most
popular activities were art and craft activities (22%) and writing or telling stories (18%),
whilst 12% had participated in music, dance or theatre.
4.2 Participation by Indigenous persons in Indigenous creative arts
activities(a)(b), Victoria and Australia, by selected characteristics, 2008
Victoria
Number (‘000)
Australia
Participation rate
Participation rate
Type of Indigenous activity
Arts and crafts
4.8
22.0%
17.3%
Music, dance or theatre
2.5
11.5%
10.8%
Writing or telling stories
3.9
17.6%
15.4%
At least one of the activities(c)
6.7
30.7%
28.1%
Arts and crafts
2.4
20.5%
16.3%
Music, dance or theatre
1.4
12.3%
10.8%
Writing or telling stories
1.6
13.5%
11.5%
At least one of the activities(c)
3.3
28.3%
25.9%
Arts and crafts
2.5
23.8%
18.4%
Music, dance or theatre
1.1
10.6%
10.9%
Writing or telling stories
2.3
22.2%
19.9%
At least one of the activities(c)
3.4
33.3%
30.6%
Arts and crafts
na
na
21.6
Music, dance or theatre
na
na
16.4
Writing or telling stories
na
na
21.4
At least one of the activities(c)
na
na
37.6
Arts and crafts
4.8
22.0%
15.9%
Music, dance or theatre
2.5
11.5%
9.0%
Writing or telling stories
3.9
17.6%
13.5%
At least one of the activities(c)
6.7
30.7%
24.9%
15-34 years of age
35 years and over
Remote
Non-remote
* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution
na not available
(a) Persons aged 15 years and over.
(b) In the 12-months prior to interview.
(c) Sum of activities does not add to total because some people were involved in more than one activity.
Source: ABS data available on request, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, 2008.
32
Arts and Culture in Victoria
In 2008, of those Indigenous persons aged 15 years and over living in Victoria who
participated in music, dance or theatre, 63% reported the reason for their participation
as being for cultural learning or ceremony. Of those that participated in writing or
telling stories, two-thirds (66%) also reported this as the reason for their participation.
4.3 Participation by Indigenous persons in Indigenous creative art
activities(a)(b), Victoria and Australia, by reason for participation, 2008
Victoria
Reason for participation
Number (‘000)
Australia
Participation rate
Participation rate
Own enjoyment/fun
Arts and crafts
3.2
66.1%
57.0%
Music, dance or theatre
1.4
54.0%
49.8%
Writing or telling stories
1.4
35.7%
38.6%
At least one of the activities(c)
4.0
59.9%
53.0%
Arts and crafts
2.0
42.3%
40.6%
Music, dance or theatre
1.2
46.3%
43.9%
Writing or telling stories
1.7
43.6%
42.3%
At least one of the activities(c)
3.2
48.2%
46.2%
Arts and crafts
2.4
49.9%
50.2%
Music, dance or theatre
1.6
62.9%
66.8%
Writing or telling stories
2.6
66.4%
69.8%
At least one of the activities(c)
4.0
59.0%
60.3%
Arts and crafts
0.9
18.3%
18.3%
Music, dance or theatre
0.7
26.2%
17.0%
Writing or telling stories
1.1
28.1%
23.2%
At least one of the activities(c)
1.6
23.2%
20.9%
Arts and crafts
4.8
22.0%
17.3%
Music, dance or theatre
2.5
11.5%
10.8%
Writing or telling stories
3.9
17.6%
15.4%
At least one of the activities(c)
6.7
30.7%
28.1%
Enjoyment/fun with others
Cultural learning or ceremony
School activity
Total
(a) Persons aged 15 years and over.
(b) In the 12-months prior to interview.
(c) Sum of activities does not add to total because some people were involved in more than one activity.
Source: ABS data available on request, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, 2008.
33
Arts and Culture in Victoria
ATTENDANCE AT SELECTED INDIGENOUS EVENTS
In 2008, of the 21,938 Indigenous persons aged 15 years and over in Victoria, over
half (53%) had been to at least one of the selected Indigenous events in the 12months prior to interview.
Over one-third (34%) attended NAIDOC week activities, 27% went to a Festival or
carnival involving arts, craft, music or dance and 29% attended funerals/Sorry
business.
4.4 Attendance rates of Indigenous persons at selected Indigenous events(a)(b),
Victoria and Australia, 2008
Victoria
Australia
Funerals/Sorry business
28.5%
38.7%
Ceremonies
15.5%
16.0%
Sports carnivals(c)
19.4%
24.4%
Festival or carnival involving arts, craft, music or dance(c)
26.7%
23.0%
Involved with Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander organisation
27.1%
18.2%
NAIDOC week activities
34.3%
35.7%
At least one selected event (c)
53.4%
62.9%
(a) Persons aged 15 years and over.
(b) In the 12-months prior to interview.
(c) Excluding NAIDOC week activities.
(d) Sum of activities does not add to total because some people were involved in more than one activity.
Source: ABS data available on request, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, 2008.
INDIGENOUS ATTENDANCE AT SELECTED CULTURAL
VENUES
The 2008 ABS National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey also
collected data on attendance at selected cultural venues by Indigenous people living in
non-remote areas of Australia.
Almost a half (43%) of Indigenous people in non-remote areas of Victoria had attended
movies, theatres or concerts in the 3-months prior to interview and 38% had Visited a
library, museum or art gallery.
34
Arts and Culture in Victoria
4.5 Attendance at selected cultural venues by Indigenous persons living in nonremote areas(a)(b), Victoria, by sex, 2008
Males
Females
Persons
Number (‘000)
Visited library, museum or art gallery
3.5
4.8
8.3
Attended movies, theatres or concerts
4.5
5.0
9.5
At least one venue or event(c)
5.8
6.5
12.3
Attendance rates
Visited library, museum or art gallery
33.1%
42.1%
37.7%
Attended movies, theatres or concerts
42.1%
44.5%
43.4%
At least one venue or event(c)
54.9%
57.5%
56.2%
(a) Persons aged 15 years and over.
(b) In the 3 months prior to interview.
(c) Sum of activities does not add to total because some people were involved in more than one activity.
Source: ABS data available on request, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, 2008.
4.6 Attendance rates at selected cultural venues by indigenous persons living in
non-remote areas(a)(b), Victoria, by sex, 2008
%
50
Males
Females
Persons
40
30
20
10
0
Visited library, museum
or art gallery
Attended movies, theatres
or concerts
(a) Persons aged 15 years and over.
(b) In the 3 months prior to interview.
Source: ABS data available on request, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, 2008.
35
Arts and Culture in Victoria
INDIGENOUS PERSONS EMPLOYED IN CULTURAL
OCCUPATIONS
The 2006 Census showed that 302 Indigenous people in Victoria were employed in a
cultural occupation as their main job. For detailed occupation level data see table 1 in
Appendix 1. Table 4.7 below provides data at a broad occupation level.
Of the 8,555 employed Indigenous people in Victoria in 2006, 4% were employed in a
cultural occupation.
4.7 Indigenous people employed in cultural occupations as main job(a)(b),
Victoria and Australia, 2006
Cultural occupation
Victoria
Australia
Proportion of
Australian
total
employed in
Vic
Heritage collections
Built, collectable and environmental heritage workers
55
405
13.6%
Library and archive workers
18
230
7.8%
Other heritage workers
–
5
–
Total heritage workers
70
636
11.0%
Arts
Writers and print media workers
14
99
14.1%
Performing artists and music composers
26
320
8.1%
Performing arts support workers (other than equipment
operators)
18
113
15.9%
Visual arts and crafts professionals
21
692
3.0%
8
54
14.8%
27
206
13.1%
3
61
4.9%
Printing workers
44
229
19.2%
Other arts support workers
Architects and urban planners
Design workers
Broadcasting, film and recorded media equipment
operators
12
159
7.5%
Other arts workers
9
119
7.6%
Total arts workers
182
2 061
8.8%
47
349
13.5%
302
3 054
9.9%
Other cultural workers
Total employed in cultural occupations
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Occupations considered as ‘cultural’ based on inclusion in the Australian Culture and Leisure Classifications.
(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2006.
36
Arts and Culture in Victoria
5. PEOPLE BORN OVERSEAS
AND THE ARTS
Our cultural interests are influenced by a variety of factors, such as our upbringing, our
education and our personal interests. This chapter highlights the differences between
the cultural activities undertaken by people who were born overseas and those who
were born in Australia. In addition, some information is also presented on the cultural
activities of overseas-born people by whether they were born in one of the main
English speaking countries (United Kingdom and Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa,
Canada and the United States of America) or elsewhere (referred to as non-English
speaking countries).
ATTENDANCE AT SELECTED CULTURAL VENUES AND
EVENTS
In 2009–10, 29% of people aged 15 years and over in Victoria were born overseas
(1.3 million), compared with 28% nationally. According to the 2009–10 ABS Survey of
Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events of people aged 15 years and
over, 82% of people in Victoria that were born overseas attended at least one cultural
venue or event, compared with 89% of those people in Victoria who were born in
Australia (ABS 2010a).
37
Arts and Culture in Victoria
5.1 Attendance at selected cultural venues and events(a)(b), Victoria, by
birthplace, 2009-10
Born Overseas
Born in Australia
‘000
Attendance
rate
Main English
speaking
countries
‘000
Attendance
rate
Non-English
speaking
countries
‘000
Attendance
rate
Total
‘000
Attendance
rate
Art galleries
859.6
27.4%
126.6
37.5%
168.8
17.9%
295.4
26.2%
Museums
834.2
26.6%
126.3
37.5%
169.3
17.9%
295.6
25.6%
Zoological parks and aquariums
1 258.1
40.1%
128.7
38.2%
311.0
32.9%
439.7
38.5%
Botanic gardens
1 230.3
39.3%
167.5
49.7%
367.1
38.9%
534.6
40.0%
Libraries
1 069.4
34.1%
132.6
39.3%
274.8
29.1%
407.4
33.4%
Archives
159.9
5.1%
*11.3
3.3%
*23.4
2.5%
*34.7
4.4%
Performing arts
Classical music concerts
285.9
9.1%
49.4
14.7%
100.1
10.6%
149.5
9.9%
1 117.6
35.7%
110.1
32.7%
146.2
15.5%
256.4
31.1%
Theatre performances
602.1
19.2%
73.4
21.8%
90.1
9.5%
163.5
17.4%
Dance performances
304.6
9.7%
34.3
10.2%
69.7
7.4%
104.0
9.3%
Musicals and operas
723.7
23.1%
95.9
28.4%
82.5
8.7%
178.3
20.5%
Popular music concerts
Other performing arts
608.4
19.4%
63.5
18.8%
112.3
13.0%
185.8
18.0%
At least one performing arts event
1,847.8
59.0%
199.4
59.1%
359.5
38.1%
558.9
54.5%
Cinemas
2 300.3
73.4%
243.0
72.1%
513.4
54.3%
756.4
59.0%
At least one venue or event (c)
2 799.2
89.3%
315.4
93.5%
738.5
78.2%
1 053.9
82.2%
* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution
(a) In the 12-months before interview.
(b) Persons aged 15 years and over.
(c) Sum of activities does not add to total because some persons attended more than one cultural venue or event.
Source: Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, Australia — State Tables for Victoria (cat. no. 4114.0).
For a majority of the venues and events, people born overseas in the main English
speaking countries (MESC) had higher attendance rates than Australian-born people.
Generally, the attendance rates for people born in non-English speaking countries
were lower than those for Australian-born people.
38
Arts and Culture in Victoria
5.2 Attendance rates at selected cultural venues and events(a)(b), Victoria, by
birthplace, 2009-10
Born in Australia
Born overseas in MESC
Born overseas in non-MESC
Art galleries
Museums
Zoological parks
and aquariums
Botanic gardens
Libraries
Archives
Classical music concerts
Popular music concerts
Theatre performances
Dance performances
Musicals and operas
Other performing arts
Cinemas
0
20
40
%
60
80
(a) In the 12-months before interview.
(b) Persons aged 15 years and over.
Source: Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, Australia — State Tables for Victoria (cat. no. 4114.0).
WORK IN CULTURE (PAID AND UNPAID)
The 2007 ABS Survey of Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities, showed that
in the 12-months before the interview, 24% of Victorian residents born in Australia had
some work involvement in culture and leisure activities, compared with 15% of
Victorian residents born overseas.
Victorian residents born overseas in a main English speaking country (27%) were
more likely to be involved in cultural work than those from a non-English speaking
country (11%). Around 17% of Victorian residents born in Australia had unpaid
involvement in culture and leisure activities compared with 10% of those born
overseas.
39
Arts and Culture in Victoria
5.3 Persons with work involvement in selected culture and leisure
activities(a)(b), Victoria, by birthplace, 2007
Born Overseas
Born in Australia
‘000
Attendance
rate
Main English
speaking
countries
‘000
Attendance
rate
Non-English
speaking
countries
‘000
Attendance
rate
Total Victoria
‘000
Attendance
rate
Some payment
213.0
7.6%
36.7
11.1%
29.0
3.0%
65.8
5.1%
Unpaid involvement only
463.0
16.5%
50.0
15.1%
74.1
7.7%
124.0
9.6%
Total with involvement(c)
684.5
24.4%
88.8
26.9%
103.9
10.8%
192.7
14.9%
(a) In the 12-months before interview.
(b) Persons aged 15 years and over.
(c) Includes people whose payment status was not known.
Source: ABS data available on request, Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities, April 2007.
PERSONS EMPLOYED IN CULTURAL OCCUPATIONS
The 2006 Census of Population and Housing collected data on a person's main
occupation (second jobs and unpaid work were not collected in the Census).
Of the 77,192 people working in cultural occupations in Victoria, 24% (18,887) were
born overseas. The majority of these were from a non-main English speaking country
(10,940). Table 5.4 below provides data at a broad occupation level. For detailed
occupation level data see Table 1 in Appendix 1.
40
Arts and Culture in Victoria
5.4 Persons employed in selected cultural occupation groups(a)(b), Victoria, by
birthplace, 2006
Born Overseas
Born in
Australia
Main
English
speaking
countries
NonEnglish
speaking
countries
Total born
overseas
Total
Vic(c)
no.
no.
no.
no.
no.
Heritage collections
Built, collectable and environmental
heritage workers
1 953
286
180
470
2 457
Library and archive workers
4 977
572
742
1 318
6 381
Other heritage workers
4
5
3
3
11
Total heritage workers
6 930
869
923
1 788
8 844
Writers and print media workers
4 568
890
494
1 382
6 049
Performing artists and music
composers
2 960
413
312
728
3 768
Performing arts support workers (other
than equipment operators)
2 972
413
300
719
3 742
Visual arts and crafts professionals
2 750
375
425
794
3 627
Architects and urban planners
6 193
767
1 554
2 322
8 630
Arts
Design workers
13 209
1 747
2 414
4 158
17 669
Broadcasting, film and recorded media
equipment operators
1 824
191
122
317
2 176
Printing workers
6 589
996
2 071
3 069
9 935
Other arts support workers
4 186
454
631
1 079
5 384
Other arts workers
869
145
118
258
1 141
Total arts workers
46 124
6 386
8 444
14 826
62 117
Other cultural workers
3 854
696
1 570
2 266
6 234
56 905
7 944
10 940
18 887
77 192
Total employed in cultural occupations
(a) As the main job in the week before the Census.
(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
(c) Includes not stated and inadequately described.
(d) Includes external territories.
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2006.
41
Arts and Culture in Victoria
6. PEOPLE WITH A
DISABILITY AND THE ARTS
In 2009, the ABS Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers collected a range of
information about people aged 5 years and over with a disability and people aged 60
years and over, including their attendance at cultural venues and events.
Information about the cultural attendance of the general population of Victoria aged 15
years and over was collected on the 2009–10 Survey of Attendance at Selected
Cultural Venues and Events. For reasons such as the different time period, different
wording of questions and different survey methodologies, the results from the 2009–10
survey are not strictly comparable to results from the 2009 Survey of Disability, Ageing
and Carers. However, the data suggests that in Victoria people with a disability have
lower attendance rates than the general population of Victoria aged 15 years and over.
ATTENDANCE BY PEOPLE WITH A DISABILITY
The 2009 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers found that 18% of people living in
Victoria had a disability which restricted their everyday activities. The survey also
revealed that of people aged 5 years and over with a disability living in Victoria, in the
12-months prior to interview:

41% attended the cinema

30% visited a library

25% attended a theatre or concert


21% visited a museum or art gallery
60% attended at least one venue or event
The attendance rates of people with a disability in Victoria were similar to Australia as
a whole.
42
Arts and Culture in Victoria
6.1 People with a disability(a), Attendance rates at selected cultural venues and
events(b), Victoria and Australia, 2009-10
Vic.
Australia
Australia
Visited
a museum
Visited a museum
or art
gallery or art gallery
Visited a libraryVisited a library
Attended
a theatre or concert
Attended a theatre
or concert
Attended a cinema
Attended a cinema
Visitedgardens,
botanic gardens,
Visited botanic
animal or marine parks
animal or marine parks
0
010
10 20
20
%
30
%
30
40 40
Victoria
Australia
Museum or art gallery
21.3%
20.3%
Library
29.8%
29.5%
Theatre or concert
25.3%
24.0%
Cinema
40.6%
39.1%
Botanic gardens, animal or marine parks
24.2%
24.4%
50
(a) Aged 5 years and over living in households.
(b) In the 12-months before interview.
Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia, 2009.
Overall, people with a disability in Victoria were most likely to go to the cinema (41%),
and were least likely to visit a museum or art gallery (21%).
43
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Data for people with a disability also show that attendance rates at each of the cultural
venues were generally lowest for people with a profound or severe limitation. People
with a schooling or employment restriction (e.g. attend a special school; require
modifications to the work environment) generally recorded higher attendance rates
than people without a schooling or employment restriction.
6.2 People with a disability(a), by attendance at selected cultural venues and
events(b), Victoria and Australia, 2009
Victoria
Profound
or severe
limitation(c)
Moderate
limitation(c)
Mild
limitation(c)
Australia
Schooling
or
employment
restriction
All with
reported
disability(d)
All with
reported
disability
Number (‘000)
Visited museum or art gallery
48.1
35.7
65.7
98.4
211.6
807.2
Visited library
73.9
49.9
87.5
140.2
295.5
1 174.6
Attended theatre or concert
53.9
37.7
81.1
106.7
250.9
955.4
Attended cinema
92.3
60.0
121.3
190.6
402.6
1 556.6
Visited botanic gardens, animal or
marine parks
52.5
43.2
72.8
113.4
240.0
970.0
Attendance rate
Visited museum or art gallery
14.5%
22.9%
22.5%
23.5%
21.3%
20.3%
Visited library
22.2%
32.0%
30.0%
33.5%
29.8%
29.5%
Attended theatre or concert
16.2%
24.2%
27.8%
25.5%
25.3%
24.0%
Attended cinema
27.8%
38.4%
41.6%
45.5%
40.6%
39.1%
Visited botanic gardens, animal or
marine parks
15.8%
27.7%
25.0%
27.1%
24.2%
24.4%
(a) Aged 5 years and over living in households.
(b) In the 12-months before interview.
(c) Affecting communication, mobility or self care.
(d) As people can have a schooling or employment restriction as well as a restriction affecting communication,
mobility or self care, the sum of the component items does not equal the total number of persons with a disability.
Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia, 2009.
44
Arts and Culture in Victoria
7. PERSONS 60 YEARS AND
OLDER AND THE ARTS
In 2009, the ABS Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers collected a range of
information about people aged 5 years and over with a disability and people aged 60
years and over, including their attendance at cultural venues and events.
Information about the cultural attendance of the general population of Victoria aged 15
years and over was collected on the 2009–10 Survey of Attendance at Selected
Cultural Venues and Events. For reasons such as the different time period, different
wording of questions and different survey methodologies, the results from the 2009–10
survey are not strictly comparable to results from the 2009 Survey of Disability, Ageing
and Carers. However, the data suggest that in Victoria people aged 60 years and over
have lower attendance rates than the general population of Victoria aged 15 years and
over.
ATTENDANCE AT SELECTED CULTURAL VENUES AND
EVENTS BY PEOPLE AGED 60 YEARS AND OVER
The 2009 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers found that 18% of people living in
Victoria were aged 60 years and over . The survey also revealed that of people aged
60 years and over living in Victoria, in the 12-months prior to interview:

37% attended the cinema

30% attended a theatre or concert

28% visited a library


24% visited a museum or art gallery
59% attended at least one cultural venue or event
The attendance rates of people aged 60 years and over in Victoria were generally
similar to Australia as a whole.
45
Arts and Culture in Victoria
7.1 Persons aged 60 years and over living in households, attendance rates at
selected cultural venues and events(a), Victoria and Australia, 2009-10
Vic.
Australia
Visited a museum or art gallery
Visited a library
Attended a theatre or concert
Attended a cinema
Visited botanic gardens
animal or marine parks
0
10
20
%
30
Victoria
Australia
Museum or art gallery
24.2%
23.8%
Library
27.9%
30.5%
Theatre or concert
29.9%
29.0%
Cinema
37.3%
36.6%
Botanic gardens animal or marine parks
25.7%
24.9%
40
(a)In the 12-months before interview.
Source: Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia: Summary of Findings – State Tables for Victoria (cat. no. 4430.0).
Overall, people aged 60 years and over in Victoria were most likely to go to the cinema
(37%), and were least likely to visit a museum or art gallery (24%).
46
Arts and Culture in Victoria
7.2 Persons aged 60 years and over living in households(a), by whether attended
selected cultural venues and events(b), Victoria and Australia, 2009
Victoria
Australia
Living in a private dwelling
Living
alone
Living with
others
Total
All living in
households(a)
All living in
households(a)
Number (‘000)
Visited museum or art gallery
55.5
180.8
236.3
238.7
931.9
Visited library
80.6
189.1
269.6
275.1
1 192.7
Attended theatre or concert
66.8
220.8
287.5
294.8
1 134.8
Attended cinema
87.0
273.0
360.0
367.3
1 429.3
Visited botanic gardens, animal or marine parks
44.3
202.7
247.0
253.4
974.2
Attendance rate
Visited museum or art gallery
22.9%
25.3%
24.7%
24.2%
23.8%
Visited library
33.3%
26.4%
28.2%
27.9%
30.5%
Attended theatre or concert
27.6%
30.8%
30.0%
29.9%
29.0%
Attended cinema
36.0%
38.2%
37.6%
37.3%
36.5%
Visited botanic gardens, animal or marine parks
18.3%
28.3%
25.8%
25.7%
24.9%
(a) Includes non-private dwellings other than cared accommodation.
(b) In the 12-months before interview.
Source: Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia: Summary of Findings – State Tables for Victoria (cat. no. 4430.0).
47
Arts and Culture in Victoria
8. HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE
ON CULTURE
The most comprehensive source of data on household cultural expenditure is the ABS
Household Expenditure Survey. This survey, which is conducted every five years,
records the expenditure of households rather than individuals. This is because some
expenditure (e.g. housing, furniture, televisions) is often for the benefit of everyone in
the household and so cannot be attributed in a meaningful way to any particular
person in the household.
The latest available data relates to the 2009–10 financial year. Households in Victoria
spent an average of $47.50 per week in 2009–10 on ‘cultural’ items. This included
$17 per week on items such as television, video and photographic equipment and over
$10 per week on literature. Weekly household expenditure on culture in Victoria was
slightly higher than the national average ($47.50 compared with $42.30). Total
expenditure on cultural goods and services by the 2.1 million households in Victoria
during 2009–10 was $5,199 million.
In 2003–04, the ABS Household Expenditure Survey showed that households in
Victoria spent an average of $39.76 per week on cultural items. It should be noted that
during the 5 years between the surveys, the prices of goods and services as measured
by the Consumer Price Index rose by 19%.
48
Arts and Culture in Victoria
8.1 Persons aged 60 years and over living in households, attendance rates at
selected cultural venues and events(a), Victoria and Australia, 2009-10
Average weekly
household expenditure
Vic ($)
Australia ($)
Total annual household
expenditure
Vic. ($m)
Australia ($m)
Literature
Books
5.65
4.64
618
2 032
Newspapers
2.97
2.69
325
1 178
Magazines and comics
1.76
1.89
193
828
Total(a)
10.59
9.38
1 159
4 107
Music
Pre-recorded compact discs and records (audio)
1.04
0.92
114
403
Total(b)
1.04
0.92
114
403
Performing arts
Live theatre fees and charges
1.19
1.04
130
455
Music concert fees and charges
1.25
1.89
137
828
Total
2.44
2.93
267
1 283
Visual arts and crafts
Paintings, carvings and sculptures
**2.05
*1.25
224
547
Art and craft materials
0.46
0.57
50
250
Total(c)
2.52
2.38
276
1 042
Broadcasting, electronic media and film
Hire of video cassette tapes and TV and computer
0.54
0.73
59
320
games
Pre-recorded video cassettes and video discs
2.78
2.60
304
1 139
Cinema fees and charges
2.36
2.29
258
1 003
Pay TV fees
4.63
5.24
507
2 295
Total
10.31
10.86
1 128
4 756
Other arts
Culture course
1.32
2.00
144
876
Total(d)
1.56
2.53
171
1 108
Heritage(e)
0.52
0.43
57
188
At least one of the activities(c)
Other culture
Audio equipment(f)
1.31
1.77
143
775
Televisions and home entertainment systems
11.37
8.52
1 244
3 731
Video players and recorders
0.94
0.86
103
377
Video equipment nec.
**0.09
**0.06
10
26
Blank video cassettes and digital media
0.74
0.85
81
372
Audiovisual equipment and personal computer repairs
0.20
0.24
22
105
insurance
Photographic film and chemicals (including developing)
*1.02
0.64
112
280
Total(g)
17.15
14.92
1 877
6 533
Total expenditure on culture
47.50
42.30
5 199
18 523
* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution
** estimate has a relative standard error greater than 50% and is considered too unreliable for general use
(a) Includes other printed material.
(b) Includes audio cassettes and tapes
(c) Includes studio and other professional photography.
(d) Includes musical instruments and accessories, and cultural fees and charges nec.
(e) Comprises art gallery and museum, national park, and zoo fees and charges.
(f) Includes portable players and radios, CD players, integrated sound systems, amplifiers and tuner-amplifiers,
speakers and audio equipment nec
(g) Includes television aerials, audiovisual equipment and parts nec., hire of televisions, video cassette/DVD/BluRay
recorder or player, repair and maintenance of audiovisual equipment, and photographic equipment.
Source: Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results: 2009–10 (cat. no. 6530.0)
49
Arts and Culture in Victoria
9. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
The cultural industries are diverse in nature. It is possible to determine their size in a
number of ways, for example, by the number of firms in each industry or the number of
people employed in each industry. Another measure to assess their relative size is the
value of their production.
AUSTRALIA’S PRODUCTION OF CULTURAL GOOD AND
SERVICES
The Australian production of cultural good and services in 2007-08 was estimated to
be $62.4 billion. Of these goods and services:


$8,530 million was in advertising
$8,013 million was in architectural services
From 2006-07 to 2007-08, the largest increases in production value were in
specialised design services (up 420.1%) and motion picture and video distribution
services (up 135.1%). The largest decreases were in copyright leasing- motion
pictures and videos (down 66.6%) and commercial art and display services (down
56.4%).
50
Arts and Culture in Victoria
9.1 Persons aged 60 years and over living in households, attendance rates at
selected cultural venues and events(a), Victoria and Australia, 2009-10
Product item
Publishing and recorded media
Books - advertising services
Books - printing or publishing(c)
Copyright leasing - publishing and recorded media(d)
Internet publishing - advertising services
Internet publishing and broadcasting services(e)
Magazines and other periodicals - advertising services
Magazines and other periodicals - printing or publishing
Music publishing (incl. sheet music)
Newspapers - advertising services
Newspapers - printing or publishing
Other pre-recorded media (incl. records)
Other publishing(f)
Other publishing - advertising services(f)
Pre-recorded audio and video tapes, audio CD’s and DVD's(g)
Reproduced computer software(g)
Software publishing services
Motion picture, radio and television services
Cable (Pay TV) and other subscription broadcasting services
Copyright leasing - motion pictures and videos
Free-to-air television broadcasting services
Motion picture and video distribution services
Motion picture and video production
Motion picture theatre services
Other information services(h)
Post-production services and other motion picture and video activities
Radio broadcasting services
Libraries, museums and the arts
Information storage and retrieval services
Library and archive services
Museum and art gallery services
Music and other sound recording studios operation(i)
Music copyrights(j)
Nature reserve and conservation park services
Performing arts operation(k)
Performing arts venue operation
Services of independent creative artists, writers and performers
Specialised design service(l)
Theatre lighting, costume design and set design services
Zoological and botanical services
Other cultural products
Advertising services
Architectural services
Arts education services (excl. vocational)
Commercial art and display services
Loudspeakers and audio-frequency electric amplifiers
Musical instruments
Other audio and video equipment and accessories
Parts - television, radio, audio and visual equipment(m)
Australian
Production ($m)
Percentage change
2006-07 to 2007-08
2006-07
2007-08
244
1 372
419
538
54
728
875
75
3 399
3 271
21
191
25
246
33
4 402
297
1 614
336
576
98
818
948
75
4 268
3 451
21
115
33
236
33
4 076
21.7%
17.6%
-19.8%
7.1%
81.5%
12.4%
8.3%
–
25.6%
5.5%
–
-39.8%
32.0%
-4.1%
–
-7.4%
2 919
998
5 018
568
2 035
954
189
503
1 210
2 983
333
4 935
1 341
1 682
946
220
589
1 123
2.2%
-66.6%
-1.7%
136.1%
-17.3%
-0.8%
16.4%
17.1%
-7.2%
306
731
648
49
93
809
822
878
1 171
359
208
1 377
362
674
692
58
126
851
841
923
1 083
1 867
213
1 676
18.3
-7.8
6.8
18.4
35.5
5.2
2.3
5.1
-7.5
420.1
2.4
21.7
7 376
7 279
524
2 598
21
49
451
198
8 530
8 013
557
1 133
22
47
455
250
15.6
10.1
6.3
-56.4
4.8
-4.1
0.9
26.3
51
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Product item
Australian
Production ($m)
2006-07
2007-08
623
640
348
437
21
21
26
27
11
13
64
65
1 509
1 698
58 836
62 421
Percentage change
2006-07 to 2007-08
Photographic film processing
2.7
Photography services nec
25.6
Prepared unrecorded media for sound or video recording(n)
–
Radio receiving sets(o)
3.8
Sound and video recording and reproducing equipment(p)
18.2
Television receiving sets
1.6
Video and other electronic media rental or hire
12.5
Total selected cultural goods and services
6.1
- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
nec not elsewhere classified
(a) At basic values - the net price received by the producer (after deducting any indirect taxes).
(b) Excludes products primary to: the recorded media manufacturing and publishing industry; the book and magazine
wholesaling industry; the newspaper, book and stationery retailing industry; and the recorded music retailing industry
(details for these industries are not available separately).
(c) Includes textbooks, encyclopaedias, travel guides and atlases.
(d) Includes newspapers, magazines and other periodicals, books and software.
(e) Includes radio, television, books, newspapers and magazines.
(f) Includes maps, greeting cards, postcards and calendars.
(g) Manufactured but not published by this business.
(h) Includes radio and television new collection and telephone based recorded information services.
(i) Includes pre-recorded radio programming services.
(j) Acquiring, registering and selling.
(k) Includes theatre restaurants and circuses.
(l) Includes fashion, interior and jewellery design.
(m) Includes parts for radio and television studio equipment, transmitters and radio transceivers.
(n) Includes blank CDs and magnetic tape.
(o) Includes car radios and clock radios. Excludes parts.
(p) Includes CD players and record players.
Note: Input-output tables are a disaggregation of the gross domestic product account showing inter-industry flows of
goods and services. They are compiled using a large number of data sources, which are of varying quality and
frequency. These processes result in individual components being modeled and adjusted, and this is particularly true
for those with relatively small values. Users should therefore be very cautious when considering isolated fragments of
the tables, especially details at the product level.
Source: Australian National Accounts: Input-Output Tables (Product details), 2006-07 and 2007-08 (cat. no.
5215.0.55.001).
ANNUAL INCOME OF CULTURAL INDUSTRIES IN VICTORIA
Detailed information on the economic aspects of a number of cultural industries was
also collected in the Service Industries Surveys. Most of these surveys included only
employing businesses (unlike data for the Australian National Accounts) and therefore
do not reflect the activities of the whole industry. However, while non-employing
businesses are quite numerous, their overall contribution to economic activity is quite
small. A 1995–96 study showed that non-employing businesses in the industry
division ‘cultural and recreational services’ accounted for about three-quarters of all
businesses, but only 6% of operating income (Source: Information Paper: The
Expanded Use of Business Income Tax Data in ABS Economic Statistics, ABS cat.
No. 5672.0). Consequently, this is not a serious limitation to the data collected by the
Service Industries Surveys.
52
Arts and Culture in Victoria
The surveys showed that employing businesses in Victoria engaged in television
services earned income totalling $950.1 million in 2006–07, while film and video
production generated an income in Victoria of $324.2 million in 2006–07. The most
recent Service Industry Survey was conducted in 2007-08 for museums and art
galleries. It showed that museums and art galleries in Victoria had a total income of
$239.3 million.
9.2 Income of selected cultural industries(a), Victoria and Australia
Vic.
Australia
Percentage
in Vic.(b)
Year
$m
$m
%
Museums and art galleries
2007–2008
239.3
998.4
24.0%
Film and video production
2006–2007
^324.2
1 584.2
20.5%
Film and video post-production
2006–2007
^86.0
444.0
19.4%
Television services(c)
2006–2007
950.1
4 530.1
21.0%
Performing arts operation
2006–2007
190.5
733.4
26.0%
Performing arts venues
2006–2007
104.6
494.4
21.1%
Public libraries(d)
2003–2004
109.7
545.2
20.1%
Performing arts festivals
2002–2003
26.1
88.5
29.5%
^ estimate has a relative standard error of 10% to less than 25% and should be used with caution.
(a) Excludes some parts of the cultural sector such as publishing and recorded media, the creative arts and archives.
Also excludes the income of non-employing businesses.
(b) According to the 2006 Census of Population and Housing, 25% of Australia’s population lived in Victoria in August
2006.
(c) Commercial free-to-air broadcasters (excludes pay TV).
(d) This includes local government libraries only.
Source: Museums, Australia, 2007-08 (cat. no. 8560.0); Television, Film and Video Production and Post-Production
Services, Australia, 2006-07 (cat. no. 8679.0); Performing Arts, Australia, 2002-03, 2006-07 (cat. no. 8697.0); Public
Libraries, Australia, 2003-04 (cat. no. 8561.0).
NUMBER OF CULTURAL BUSINESSES IN VICTORIA
The ABS (2010c) Counts of Australian Businesses, Including Entries and Exits, June
2007 to June 2009 presents counts of actively trading businesses. This excludes
entities which:

had an active ABN but which did not have a GST role. While economically
active, these entities are mainly businesses with asset holdings and
consequent income flows but which do not trade in goods and services; and

had a GST role which had not returned a Business Activity statement (BAS)
for more than five quarters or had returned a BAS reporting zero dollar
amounts. These businesses are likely to be no longer trading.
53
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Please note that counts from this data source are not comparable to data presented
from the ABS Business Register in previous versions of this report.
Over 20,600 businesses in Victoria were actively trading within the cultural sector at
the start of the 2008–09 financial year. The largest numbers of businesses in Victoria
were in Other specialised design services (3,924), Architectural services (3,860), and
the Creative artists, musicians, writers and performers industry (3,598).. Most of the
businesses in Victoria (63%) had no employees, whilst 3% employed 20 or more
persons.
9.3 Businesses by selected industry class(a)(b), Employment Size Ranges, Start
of 2008-09 financial year
Victoria
Non
Employing
no.
Museums, heritage and libraries
Museum operation
Zoological and botanic gardens
operation
Nature reserves and conservation
parks operation
Libraries and archives
Literature and print media
Newspaper publishing
Magazine and other periodical
publishing
Book publishing
Other publishing(d)
Performing arts
Performing arts operation
Creative artists. musicians, writers
and performers
Performing arts venue operation
Music composition and publishing
Music publishing
Music and other sound recording
activities
Visual arts and crafts
Other specialised design services (e)
Professional photographic services (f)
Design
Architectural services
Advertising services
Broadcasting, electronic media and film
Motion picture and video production
Motion picture and video distribution
Motion picture exhibition
Other motion picture and video
activities(g)
Radio broadcasting
54
1-19
Australia
20+
Total
Total
Vic as a
percentage
of Australia
no.
no.
no.
no.
%
24
24
–
48
201
23.9%
12
12
3
27
117
23.1%
30
39
36
18
3
9
69
66
279
183
24.7%
36.1%
57
63
21
141
505
27.9%
135
222
21
120
109
24
18
12
–
273
343
45
1 237
1 159
174
22.1%
29.6%
25.9%
240
114
54
408
1 709
23.9%
3 008
78
569
30
21
27
3 598
135
13 540
429
26.6%
31.5%
36
15
6
57
198
28.8%
222
90
9
321
1 235
26.0%
2 477
1 128
1 375
333
72
18
3 924
1 479
13 843
5 541
28.3%
26.7%
1 941
1 566
1 830
1 100
89
141
3 860
2 807
13 910
10 887
27.7%
25.8%
721
66
39
510
33
24
51
–
15
1282
99
78
4 973
351
345
25.8%
28.2%
22.6%
147
21
48
27
3
18
234
66
791
270
29.6%
24.4%
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Victoria
Non
Employing
no.
Free-to-air television broadcasting
Cable and other subscription
broadcasting
Video & other electronic media rental
and hiring
Other arts
Arts education
Reproduction of recorded media
Total
1-19
Australia
20+
Total
Total
Vic as a
percentage
of Australia
no.
no.
no.
no.
%
18
12
9
39
171
22.8%
12
6
3
21
108
19.4%
168
246
30
444
2 252
19.7%
467
45
12 940
189
21
7 014
21
9
662
677
75
20 616
2 372
270
77 050
28.5%
27.8%
26.8%
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Where figures have been rounded, discrepancies may occur between the sum of component items and the total.
(b) Actively trading businesses.
(c) Includes businesses that are yet to be coded to a main state of operation.
(d) Except software, music and internet.
(e) Includes commercial art services, fashion, graphic, interior, jewellery and textile design services, signwriting and
ticket writing.
(f) Includes portrait, professional, street and studio and wedding photography services and video filming of special
events.
(g) Including post-production services.
Source: Counts of Australian Businesses, Including Entries and Exits, June 2007 to June 2009 (cat. no. 8165.0).
TURNOVER OF CULTURAL BUSINESSES IN VICTORIA
The ABS Counts of Australian Businesses, Including Entries and Exits, June 2007 to
June 2009 presents counts of actively trading businesses. This excludes entities
which:

had an active ABN but which did not have a GST role. While economically
active, these entities are mainly businesses with asset holdings and
consequent income flows but which do not trade in goods and services; and

had a GST role which had not returned a Business Activity statement (BAS)
for more than five quarters or had returned a BAS reporting zero dollar
amounts. These businesses are likely to be no longer trading.
Please note that counts from this data source are not comparable to data presented
from the ABS Business Register in previous versions of this report.
Of the 20,616 businesses in Victoria actively trading within the cultural sector at the
start of the 2008–09 financial year, 7,617 (37%) were turning over between $50,000
and $200,000. Victoria had 820 businesses (4%) within the cultural sector turning over
more than $2 million.
55
Arts and Culture in Victoria
9.4 Businesses by selected industry class(a)(b), annual turnover ranges, start of
2008-09 financial year, Victoria and Australia
$200k to
less
than
$2m
no.
$2m
or
more
Total
Total
Vic. as a
percentage
of Australia
no.
$50k to
less
than
$200k
no.
Victoria
no.
no.
no.
%
21
18
9
–
48
201
23.9
9
6
9
3
27
117
23.1
24
30
21
15
21
9
3
12
69
66
279
183
24.7
36.1
27
42
54
18
141
505
27.9
93
150
12
51
93
15
105
76
15
24
24
3
273
343
45
1 237
1 159
174
22.1
29.6
25.9
153
120
117
18
408
1 709
23.9
1 866
1 370
332
30
3 598
13 540
26.6
42
39
42
12
135
429
31.5
24
15
12
6
57
198
28.8
132
126
57
6
321
1 235
26.0
1 443
1 439
911
131
3 924
13 843
28.3
729
518
214
18
1 479
5 541
26.7
986
892
1 780
827
966
815
128
273
3 860
2 807
13 910
10 887
27.7
25.8
517
420
306
39
1 282
4 973
25.8
36
18
33
27
24
24
6
9
99
78
351
345
28.2
22.6
84
15
102
12
42
21
6
18
234
66
791
270
29.6
24.4
3
12
15
9
39
171
22.8
9
6
3
3
21
108
19.4
81
189
168
6
444
2 252
19.7
Zero to
$50k
Museums, heritage and
libraries
Museum operation
Zoological and botanic
gardens operation
Nature reserves and
conservation parks
operation
Libraries and archives
Literature and print media
Newspaper publishing
Magazine and other
periodical publishing
Book publishing
Other publishing(d)
Performing arts
Performing arts operation
Creative artists. musicians,
writers and performers
Performing arts venue
operation
Music composition and
publishing
Music publishing
Music and other sound
recording activities
Visual arts and crafts
Other specialised design
services (e)
Professional photographic
services (f)
Design
Architectural services
Advertising services
Broadcasting, electronic
media and film
Motion picture and video
production
Motion picture and video
distribution
Motion picture exhibition
Other motion picture and
video activities(g)
Radio broadcasting
Free-to-air television
broadcasting
Cable and other
subscription broadcasting
Video & other electronic
media rental and hiring
56
Australia (c)
Arts and Culture in Victoria
$200k to
less
than
$2m
no.
$2m
or
more
Total
Total
Vic. as a
percentage
of Australia
no.
$50k to
less
than
$200k
no.
Victoria
no.
no.
no.
%
272
297
102
6
677
2 372
28.5
18
7 686
24
7 617
24
4 493
9
820
75
20 616
270
77 050
27.8
26.8
Zero to
$50k
Other arts
Arts education
Reproduction of recorded
media
Total
Australia (c)
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Where figures have been rounded, discrepancies may occur between the sum of component items and the total.
(b) Actively trading businesses.
(c) Includes businesses that are yet to be coded to a main state of operation.
(d) Except software, music and internet.
(e) Includes commercial art services, fashion, graphic, interior, jewellery and textile design services, signwriting and
ticket writing.
(f) Includes portrait, professional, street and studio and wedding photography services and video filming of special
events.
(g) Including post-production services.
Source: Counts of Australian Businesses, Including Entries and Exits, June 2007 to June 2009 (cat. no. 8165.0).
57
Arts and Culture in Victoria
10. CULTURAL FUNDING BY
GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS
Governments provide considerable financial support to organisations involved in
culture. This support may include direct funding, subsidies and in some instances tax
concessions. Governments also provide grants to individuals.
AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT
Cultural funding is provided by all three tiers of government – Australian; state and
territory; and local government. Data on cultural funding by the Australian Government
are only collected at the national level. As a state or territory breakdown of this
funding is not available, it is not possible to determine the amount of Australian
Government funding spent in Victoria.
Nationwide, the Australian Government provided funding of $2,457.0 million for culture
in 2009–10, which equated to $110.92 per person in Australia. Over half ($1,295.0
million) of this funding was provided to radio and television services.
In 2009–10, recurrent expenditure accounted for 90% ($2,218.4 million) of the total
cultural funding by the Australian Government.
58
Arts and Culture in Victoria
10.1 Cultural funding by the Australian Government(a), Australia, 2009-10
Total funding
Funding per person
$m
$
Heritage
Art museums
90.1
4.07
Other museums and cultural heritage
295.7
13.35
Environmental heritage
151.0
6.82
66.6
3.01
89.6
4.05
Libraries and archives
Libraries
Archives
Total Libraries and archives
156.2
7.05
693.0
31.29
34.8
1.57
Music performance
64.6
2.92
Drama
29.2
1.32
Dance
17.3
0.78
Music theatre and opera
21.7
0.98
Total Heritage
Arts
Literature and print media
Performing arts
17.2
0.77
Total Performing arts
Other performing arts
149.9
6.77
Performing arts venues
–
–
2.0
0.09
30.6
1.38
0.7
0.03
1 295.0
58.46
108.0
4.87
3.3
0.15
1406 .3
63.48
139.7
6.31
Music composition and publishing
Visual arts and crafts
Design
Broadcasting, film, video and multimedia
Radio and television services
Film and video production and distribution
Multimedia
Total Broadcasting, film, video and multimedia
Other arts
Total Arts
1 764.0
79.63
Total
2 457.0
110.92
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) The Australian Government refers to the federal (national) government. It does not refer to the aggregate of state
and territory governments, nor does it include local government.
Source: Cultural Funding by Government, Australia, 2009-10 (cat. no. 4183.0).
59
Arts and Culture in Victoria
STATE GOVERNMENT
In 2009–10, cultural funding provided by the Victorian Government totalled $549.6
million, which equated to $99.92 per person in Victoria. Capital expenditure accounted
for 17% ($93.0m) of this funding.
10.2 Cultural funding by the Victorian Government, 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10
Category
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
$m
$m
$m
Heritage
Art museums
43.7
53.1
54.3
Other museums and cultural heritage
46.9
74.3
82.5
209.9
207.3
133.4
Libraries
85.9
81.4
85.9
Archives
15.1
15.4
21.4
100.9
96.8
107.3
401.4
431.5
377.5
1.2
13.0
5.8
12.1
12.0
13.8
Drama
3.7
4.4
3.2
Dance
2.6
3.6
2.6
Music theatre and opera
4.3
4.8
6.0
11.9
13.0
22.0
Total Performing arts
34.5
37.7
47.6
Performing arts venues
90.8
39.1
28.2
–
0.1
0.1
Visual arts and crafts
4.2
4.1
4.8
Design
1.8
3.0
4.2
Environmental heritage
Libraries and archives
Total Libraries and archives
Total Heritage
Arts
Literature and print media
Performing arts
Music performance
Other performing arts
Music composition and publishing
Broadcasting, film, video and multimedia
Radio and television services
Film and video production and distribution
Multimedia
Total Broadcasting, film, video and multimedia
Other arts
Total Arts
–
0.1
0.4
44.6
53.6
45.3
2.2
2.4
3.9
46.8
56.1
49.6
30.6
26.2
31.7
209.9
179.4
172.1
Total
611.3
610.9
549.6
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
Source: Statistics Working Group, 2009-10, Cultural Funding in Australia: Three Tiers of Government, February 2012.
60
Arts and Culture in Victoria
10.3 Cultural funding by the Victorian Government and all State and Territory
Governments, 2009-10
Total funding
Per person
All state and
territory
governments
Victorian Government
Recurrent
Capital
Total
Total
$m
$m
$m
$m
Vic.
Gov’t
All state and
territory
governments
$
$
Heritage
Art museums
53.2
1.0
54.3
187.1
9.87
8.45
Other museums and cultural heritage
64.5
18.0
82.5
371.8
15.00
16.78
Environmental heritage
94.9
38.5
133.4
1 345.7
24.26
60.75
82.8
3.1
85.9
347.6
15.62
15.69
Libraries and archives
Libraries
Archives
17.3
4.2
21.4
62.2
3.90
2.81
100.0
7.3
107.3
409.8
19.52
18.50
312.7
64.8
377.5
2 314.4
68.64
104.48
4.8
1.0
5.8
14.0
1.05
0.63
13.8
–
13.8
50.6
2.51
2.28
Drama
3.2
–
3.2
32.0
0.57
1.45
Dance
2.6
–
2.6
15.1
0.47
0.68
Music theatre and opera
6.0
–
6.0
22.1
1.10
1.00
Total Libraries and heritage
Total Heritage
Arts
Literature and print media
Performing arts
Music performance
10.1
11.9
22.0
45.1
4.00
2.03
Total Performing arts
Other performing arts
35.7
11.9
47.6
164.9
8.66
7.44
Performing arts venues
22.2
6.0
28.2
214.1
5.13
9.67
Music composition and publishing
0.1
–
0.1
0.6
0.01
0.03
Visual arts and crafts
4.6
0.3
4.8
38.1
0.88
1.72
Design
4.2
–
4.2
7.4
0.77
0.33
Broadcasting, film, video and multimedia
Radio and television services
Film and video production and distribution
Multimedia
Total Broadcasting, film, video and
multimedia
Other arts
Total Arts
Total
0.4
–
0.4
0.8
0.07
0.04
45.3
–
45.3
108.4
8.24
4.89
3.9
–
3.9
8.8
0.72
0.40
49.6
–
49.6
118.0
9.03
5.33
22.7
9.0
31.7
141.9
5.76
6.41
143.9
28.2
172.1
699.0
31.28
31.55
456.6
93.0
549.6
3 013.4
99.92
136.03
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
Source: Statistics Working Group, 2009-10, Cultural Funding in Australia: Three Tiers of Government, February 2012.
61
Arts and Culture in Victoria
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Cultural funding by local governments in Victoria was $320.2 million in 2009–10, which
equated to $58.22 per person in Victoria. Of this, capital funding accounted for 15%
($46.9 million). The main recipient of funding was Libraries, which received 60%
($192.2 million) of total local government funding in Victoria. Local government data
are classified according to the Local Government Purpose Classification (LGPC).
EXPENDITURE ON CULTURE BY BUSINESS
The Australian Major Performing Arts Group (AMPAG) report Tracking Changes in
Corporate Sponsorship and Private Donations 2011 tracks and analyses levels of
corporate sponsorship and private donations for the major performing arts sector from
the years 2001 to 2010.
According to this report, major performing arts companies reported $54.6 million in
corporate sponsorship and private donation revenue in 2010 compared with $48.8
million in 2009. Of this, $26.8 million (49%) was received in the form of corporate
sponsorship, $25.2 million (46%) from donations and a net amount of $2.6 million (5%)
was raised from fundraising events. In 2001 the ratios were 72% from corporate
sponsorship and 25% from donations.
62
Arts and Culture in Victoria
11. MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES
Museums and art galleries are involved in the collection, display, storage, preservation
and research of museum objects and artwork, for the education and enjoyment of the
general public and/or specialists.
ATTENDANCE AT MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES
Of the 4.4 million people in Victoria aged 15 years or over, the attendance rate for art
galleries and museums was consistent with the national rate (26% for both).
Of those who attended art galleries in the 12-month period, almost half (48%) attended
2–4 times. Of those who visited museums, more than half (54%) attended once during
the 12-month period and 36% attended 2–4 times.
11.1 Frequency of attendance at Museums and Art Galleries(a)(b), Victoria, 200910
%
60
Visited art gallery
Visited museum
50
40
30
20
10
0
Once
2–4 times
5 or more times
Art galleries
Museums
Once
35.6%
53.6%
2-4 times
47.5%
36.2%
5 or more times
16.9%
10.2%
(a) Persons aged 15 years and over.
(b) In the 12-months before interview.
Source: ABS data available on request, Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, 2009–10.
63
Arts and Culture in Victoria
ADMISSIONS, EMPLOYMENT AND FINANCIAL DATA
The 2007-08 Museums Survey shows that at the end of June 2008, there were 333
museums and art galleries operating in Victoria, which was 23% of the Australian total.
At the end of June 2008, museums and art galleries employed 2,070 people in
Victoria. There were 4,713 people in Victoria who volunteered at museums and art
galleries during the month of June 2008.
There were 9.3m admissions to museums and art galleries in Victoria during 2007–08.
Free admissions accounted for 72% of all admissions, while paid admissions
accounted for 28%. Income from paid admissions was $29.7 million. Note that the
admissions data include children under the age of 15 years who were excluded from
the 2005–06 Survey of Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events.
In 2007–08, museums and art galleries in Victoria received total income of $239.3
million with $64.3 million coming from admissions and fundraising. Expenses totalled
$234.6 million, of which 39% ($91.6 million) was labour costs.
64
Arts and Culture in Victoria
11.2 Museums and Art Galleries, Selected characteristics, Victoria and Australia,
2007-08
Victoria
Australia
Percentage
in Vic.(a) %
Number of locations at end June
no.
333
1 456
22.9%
Employment at end June
no.
2 070
7 856
26.3%
Volunteers during the month of June
no.
4 713
23 426
20.1%
‘000
20 108.1
52 485.3
38.3%
no.
^927
^3 970
^23.4%
Paid
‘000
2 576.4
9 803.2
26.3%
Free
‘000
*6 735.0
^20 914.3
*32.2%
Total
‘000
^9 311.4
30 717.5
^30.3%
Museum objects/artworks at end June
Special exhibitions(b)
Admissions
Income
Government funding
$m
np
657.8
na
Admissions income
$m
29.7
75.6
39.3%
Income from fundraising
$m
^34.6
106.0
32.6%
Other
$m
np
159.0
na
Total
$m
239.3
998.4
24.0%
Labour costs
$m
91.6
380.7
24.1%
Other expenses
$m
143.0
479.4
29.8%
Total
$m
234.6
860.1
27.3%
Expenses
na not available
np not available for publication
^ estimate has a relative standard error of 10% to less than 25% and should be used with caution
* estimate has a relative standard error of 25% to 50% and should be used with caution
(a) According to the 2006 Census of Population and Housing, 25% of Australia’s population lived in Victoria in August
2006.
(b) Temporary exhibitions on display for less than three months, and include special exhibits curated or developed inhouse, touring exhibitions curated or developed in Australia and imported overseas exhibitions.
Source: Museums, Australia, 2007–08 (cat. no. 8560.0).
65
Arts and Culture in Victoria
12.
LIBRARIES
Libraries provide a range of services to the community, offering information to the
public, providing access to literature and other cultural resources such as musical
scores, CDs, DVDs and facilities such as the Internet.
ATTENDANCE AT LIBRARIES
According to the Survey of Attendance at Selected Cultural Events and Venues,
libraries were the fourth most attended cultural venue or event in Victoria in 2009–10
(see Chapter 1 Attendance and Participation at Cultural Venues and Activities). In the
12-months before interview in 2009–10, 33% of people in Victoria aged 15 years and
over had visited a national, state or local library, compared with 34% nationally. Of
those who visited a library, 29% had gone there more than 15 times in the previous
year.
12.1 Frequency of attendance at Libraries(a)(b), Vic., 2009-10
%
50
40
30
20
10
0
1–5 times
6–15 times
1-5 times
6-15 times
More than 15 times
More than 15 times
Visited libraries
38.2%
32.7%
29.1%
(a) Persons aged 15 years or over.
(b) In the 12-months before interview.
Source: ABS data available on request, Survey of Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, 2009–10.
66
Arts and Culture in Victoria
PUBLIC LIBRARIES
National
The National Library of Australia (NLA) is the country's largest reference library and its
role is to ensure that documentary resources of national significance relating to
Australia and the Australian people – as well as significant non-Australian library
materials – are collected, preserved and made accessible. The NLA website provides
online visitors with access to information about more than 5,400 Australian libraries,
their collections and services via the Australian Libraries Gateway.
Victoria
According the Australian Public Libraries Statistical Report, 2009-10 (State Library of
Queensland, 2011), as at June 2010 there were just under 1,500 public libraries in
Australia. Almost one-fifth (287) were located in Victoria and all service points in
Victoria provided public Internet access.
There were over 10 million registered library users in Australia and over one-quarter of
these (2.6m) were registered in Victoria.
Total expenditure on public libraries in Australia was $935.9 million in 2009-10, with
Victoria responsible for almost one-quarter of total expenditure of all states and
territories ($210.1 million).
67
Arts and Culture in Victoria
12.2 Public Libraries(a), 2009-10
NSW
Vic.
Qld
SA
374
261
327
136
23
26
18
7
397
287
345
143
Libraries
Fixed point
Mobile
Total
Total staff, FTE(b)
NT
ACT
Australia
232
46
33
9
1 418
–
–
–
2
76
232
46
33
11
1 494
no.
827.4
614.1
392.0
131.6
307.7
na
16.2
27.5
2 316.5
2 365.9
2 723.5
1 447.4
765.1
970.7
na
94.3
94.9
8 461.7
213
45
33
9
1 420
Public Internet
access
Service points with
Internet terminals
Tas.
no.
Staff
Qualified
librarians, FTE(b)
WA
no.
397
287
300
136
%
Service points with
Internet terminals
100%
100%
87%
95%
92%
98%
100%
82%
95%
Internet terminals
provided
2 735
1 951
2 023
1 093
819
391
103
78
9 193
137.2
71.5
180.2
10 098.0
19.2
9.3
12.3
935.9
‘000
Registered library
users
3 301.1
2 595.6
1 918.9
873.0
1 020.6
$m
Expenditure on
public library
services
312.9
210.1
186.0
84.0
102.2
- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
na not available
(a) As at 30 June 2010.
(b) FTE = Full Time Equivalent.
Source: Australian Public Libraries Statistical Report 2009-10, Public Library Services, State Library of Queensland,
September 2011.
68
Arts and Culture in Victoria
13.
THE PERFORMING ARTS
The term ‘performing arts’ covers a range of art forms including theatre, opera, music
theatre, dance, popular and classical music concerts and festivals. There are also
businesses which support the performing arts industry in terms of venues, costume
and set design and ticketing
ATTENDANCE AT PERFORMING ARTS
The 2009–10 ABS Survey of Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events
showed that in the previous 12–months, of the 4.4 million people living in Victoria aged
15 years or over:

10% had been to a Classical music concert (compared with 9% nationally)

31% had been to Popular music concert (compared with 30% nationally)

17% had been to a Theatre performance (compared with 16% nationally)

9% had been to a Dance performance (compared with 10% nationally)


21% had been to a Musical or opera (compared with 16% nationally)
18% had been to other performing arts events (compared with 17% nationally)
Of those who attended the performing arts events, most people only went once in the
previous 12–months, with the exception of Popular music and Classical music
concerts, where most people attended 2–4 times in the previous 12–months.
69
Arts and Culture in Victoria
13.1 Frequency of attendance at performing arts(a)(b), Vic., 2009-10
Once
2–4 times
5 or more times
Classical music concerts
Popular music concerts
Theatre performances
Dance performances
Musicals and operas
Other performing arts
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
%
Once
2-4 times
5 or more times
Classical music concerts
39.9%
44.1%
16.0%
Popular music concerts
35.9%
44.3%
19.8%
Theatre performances
47.7%
40.4%
11.9%
Dance performances
54.9%
35.6%
9.5%
Musicals and operas
52.7%
41.3%
6.0%
Other performing arts
59.7%
32.9%
7.5%
(a) Persons aged 15 years or over.
(b) In the 12-months before interview.
Source: ABS data available on request, Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, 2009–10.
70
70
Arts and Culture in Victoria
PERFORMING ARTS OPERATION
The 2006–07 Performing Arts Survey covered employing and significant nonemploying organisations in Australia that generated their income predominantly from
live theatrical or musical presentations (including concerts, opera, ballet or drama).
Performing arts operation businesses staged 10,476 paid performances in Victoria in
2006–07, which generated almost 3.4m paid admissions. The events with the largest
number of paid admissions were musical theatre, drama productions and popular
music performances.
At the end of June 2007, there were 204 performing arts operation businesses in
Victoria. Two-fifths (40%) of these were not-for-profit businesses. Performing arts
operation businesses generated $190.5m of income and expended $61.3m on wages
and salaries in 2006–07.
13.2 Performing Arts Operation, Selected characteristics, Victoria and Australia,
2006-07
Victoria
Australia
Percentage in
Victoria(a)
Number of organisations at end June 2007
For profit
no.
122
381
32.2%
Not for profit
Total
no.
82
345
23.6%
no.
204
726
28.1%
Number of paid performances(b)(c)
no.
10 476
41 179
25.4%
Number of paid attendances(b)(d)
‘000
3 374.3
11 357.2
29.7%
Employment at end June 2007
no.
1 754
6 569
26.7%
Wages and salaries
$m
61.3
219.1
28.0%
Total income
$m
190.5
733.4
26.0%
(a) According to the 2006 Census of Population and Housing, 25% of Australia’s population lived in Victoria in August
2006.
(b) Paid performances and paid attendances are counted according to the state in which they are performed.
(c) Excludes overseas performances.
(d) Excludes overseas attendances.
Source: Performing Arts, Australia, 2006–07 (cat. no. 8697.0).
71
Arts and Culture in Victoria
PERFORMING ARTS VENUE INDUSTRIES
At the end of June 2007, there were 42 employing and significant non-employing
businesses in Victoria in the Performing arts venues industry. These businesses
operated 83 performing art spaces, generated $104.6m of income and spent $37.6m
on wages and salaries in 2006–07.
13.3 Performing arts venue industries, Selected characteristics, Victoria and
Australia, 2006-07
Victoria
Australia
Percentage in Victoria(a)
%
Number of businesses
no.
42
145
29.3%
Performing arts spaces
no.
83
271
30.6%
Employment
no.
1 592
5 876
27.1%
Wages and salaries
$m
37.6
154.0
24.4%
Income
$m
104.6
494.4
21.1%
(a) According to the 2006 Census of Population and Housing, 25% of Australia’s population lived in Victoria in August
2006.
Source: Performing Arts Industries, Australia, 2006–07 (cat. no. 8697.0)
72
Arts and Culture in Victoria
14. CINEMA, FILM AND VIDEO
Industries related to cinema, film and video encompass a range of activities, including
the production of feature films, TV series, documentaries, music videos and
commercials, as well as film distribution, video hire and the operation of cinemas.
ATTENDANCE AT CINEMAS
In Victoria, 69% of people aged 15 years and over had been to the Cinema in the 12months before interview in 2009–10 (compared with 67% nationally). Of those who
went to the Cinema, almost half (47%) went more than five times in the year.
14.1 Frequency of attendance at cinemas(a)(b), Victoria, 2009-10
%
60
40
20
0
1-5 times
6-15 times
16 times or more
Cinema
1-5 times
53.0%
6-15 times
37.3%
More than 15 times
9.7%
(a) Persons aged 15 years and over.
(b) In the 12-months before interview.
Source: ABS data available on request, Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, 2009–10.
73
Arts and Culture in Victoria
FILM AND VIDEO BUSINESSES
According to an ABS survey of Film and video industries, the Film and video
production industry in Victoria generated $324.2m in 2006-07, while Film and video
post-production generated $86.0m (ABS 2008b).
14.2 Film and video businesses, Selected characteristics, Victoria and Australia,
2006-07
Victoria(a)
Australia
Percentage in
Vic.(b)
Industry
Film and video production
Number of businesses
no.
^573
1 995
28.7%
Income
$m
^324.2
1 584.2
20.5%
Wages and salaries
$m
107.2
386.2
27.7%
Film and video post-production
Number of businesses
no.
^74
^497
14.9%
Income
$m
^86.0
444.0
19.4%
Wages and salaries
$m
^27.8
143.3
19.4%
^ estimate has a relative standard error of 10% to less than 25% and should be used with caution.
(a) Multi-state businesses were counted in each state in which they operated.
(b) According to the 2006 Census of Population and Housing, 25% of Australia’s population lived in Victoria in August
2006.
Source: Television, Film and Video Production and Post-Production Services, 2006–07 (cat. no. 8679.0).
SCREEN AUSTRALIA
The Screen Australia annual Drama Report (previously the National Survey of Feature
Film and TV Drama Production) tracks the production of feature films and TV drama
programs (mini-series, telemovies and series/serials) over a financial year. The Screen
Australia survey provides data on production activity categorised by type of film, by
budget range and by sources of finance. Results from this survey are available from
http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/research/.
74
Arts and Culture in Victoria
15. SOURCES OF DATA ABOUT
CULTURE
NATIONAL CENTRE FOR CULTURE AND RECREATION
STATISTICS (NCCRS)
The NCCRS is the unit within the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) which provides
a national focus on culture, recreation and leisure statistics. Its tasks involve the
coordination and drawing together of results of statistical work from ABS and other
sources, and the statistical analyses of relevant data. The NCCRS is also involved in
the development and the conduct of new and existing collections. Finally, NCCRS also
has the role of the development and application of appropriate classifications and
standards.
More information about the NCCRS is available from the Culture theme page on the
ABS website www.abs.gov.au. (Select ‘Topics @ a Glance’ from the menu along the
top of the Home Page, then select ‘Culture’)
A list of ABS publications containing culture and recreation data are available on the
theme page, along with links to other arts and culture websites.
SELECTED ARTS AND CULTURE WEBSITES
The following websites have further information about culture:
Australia Council www.australiacouncil.gov.au
Screen Australia www.screenaustralia.gov.au
Statistics Working Group www.culturaldata.gov.au
Culture and Recreation Portal www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au
Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport
http://www.regional.gov.au/
75
Arts and Culture in Victoria
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
The publications referenced in this report are:
Information Paper: The Expanded Use of Business Income Tax Data in ABS Economic
Statistics – Experimental Estimates for Selected Industries 1994–95 and 1995–96,
1995–96 (cat. no. 5672.0) ABS Canberra.
www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/5672.0
Public Libraries, Australia, 2003–04 (cat. no. 8561.0) ABS Canberra.
www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8561.0
Australian Standard Geographical Classification, July 2006 (cat. no. 1216.0) ABS
Canberra.
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/8
b8abc8ec62d8f46ca2570ae000dd3b5!OpenDocument
Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results, 2003-04 (cat. no.
6530.0) ABS Canberra.
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/8C2472C665DF4
80CCA25790200158ED7?opendocument
Work in Selected Culture and Leisure Activities, Australia, April 2007 (cat. no. 6281.0)
ABS Canberra. www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/6281.0
How Australians Use Their Time, Australia, 2006 (cat. no. 4153.0) ABS Canberra.
www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4153.0
Television, Film and Video Production and Post-Production Services, Australia, 2006–
07 (cat. no. 8679.0) ABS Canberra. www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8679.0
Performing Arts, Australia, 2006–07 (cat. no. 8697.0) ABS Canberra.
www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8697.0
Australian Culture and Leisure Classifications, 2008 (cat. no. 4902.0) ABS Canberra.
www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4902.0
Children’s Participation in Cultural and Leisure Activities, April 2009 (cat. no. 4901.0)
ABS Canberra. www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4901.0
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, 2008 (cat. no. 4714.0)
ABS Canberra. www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4714.0
76
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Museums, Australia, 2007–08 (cat. no. 8560.0) ABS Canberra.
www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8560.0
Attendance at Selected Cultural Venues and Events, Australia, 2009–10 (cat. no.
4114.0) ABS Canberra. www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4114.0
Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia: Summary of Findings, 2009 (cat. no. 4430.0)
ABS Canberra. www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4430.0
Counts of Australian Businesses, Including Entries and Exits, June 2007 to June 2009
(cat. no. 8165.0) ABS Canberra. www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8165.0
Voluntary Work, Australia, 2010 (cat. no. 4441.0) ABS Canberra.
www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4441.0
Household Expenditure Survey, Australia: Summary of Results, 2009–10
(cat. no. 6530.0) ABS Canberra. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/6530.0
Australian National Accounts: Input-Output Tables (Product Details) – Electronic
Publication, 2006–07 (cat. no. 5215.0.55.001) ABS Canberra.
www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/5215.0.55.001
Australian National Accounts: Input-Output Tables (Product Details) – Electronic
Publication, 2007-08 (cat. no. 5215.0.55.001) ABS Canberra.
www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/5215.0.55.001
Cultural Funding by Government, Australia, 2009–10 (cat. no. 4183.0) ABS Canberra.
www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4183.0
Tracking Changes in Corporate Sponsorship and Private Donations 2011
http://www.ampag.com.au/_literature_94255/Tracking_Changes_in_Corporate_Spons
orship_and_Private_Donations_2011
AMR Interactive 2011, Get Reading! Campaign Effectiveness Research
http://www.australiacouncil.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/102453/GR10__Final_Research_Report.pdf
Australian Public Libraries Statistical Report, 2009-10, Public and Indigenous Library
Services, State Library of Queensland, September 2011.
77
Arts and Culture in Victoria
http://www.nsla.org.au/sites/default/files/publications/NSLA.Statistics
Australian.Public.Libraries.Statistics_2009-10.pdf
Starcom 2008, Books Alive 2008 – reader research
http://www.australiacouncil.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/48658/Books_Alive__reader_research1.pdf
Statistics Working Group (SWG), 2012, Cultural Funding in Australia: Three Tiers of
Government, 2009-10
Tourism Research Australia 2005, Cultural Tourism in Regions of Australia
http://www.culturaldata.gov.au/sites/www.culturaldata.gov.au/files/Cultural_tourism_in_
regions_of_Australia.pdf
Tourism Research Australia 2009, Snapshots 2009, Cultural and Heritage Tourism in
Australia
http://www.ret.gov.au/tourism/Documents/tra/Snapshots%20and%20Factsheets/Cultur
al_09_FINAL.pdf
78
Arts and Culture in Victoria
APPENDIX 1: DETAILED
OCCUPATION AND INDUSTRY
EMPLOYMENT TABLES
Table 1 People employed in cultural occupations as main job(a)(b), Vic., By
selected characteristics, 2006
Occupation
15-24
year old
Indigeno
us
Born in
Australia
Overseas
born
Melbourn
e
Rest of
Vic.
Total
Heritage workers
Built, Collectable and Environmental Heritage Workers
Antique Dealer
5
–
168
62
154
81
237
466
21
–
365
92
388
70
Conservator
3
–
53
27
72
4
84
Environmental Manager
9
3
302
64
257
113
367
Gallery or Museum Curator
10
6
210
49
215
44
259
Gallery or Museum Guide
52
8
219
62
233
54
282
3
–
66
17
66
19
85
Park Ranger
18
31
424
55
201
289
489
Zookeeper
23
–
148
39
152
38
187
143
55
1 953
470
1 736
722
2 457
Archivist
11
–
194
29
204
20
227
Librarian
67
6
1 983
577
2 147
450
2 594
342
3
1 160
285
1 032
431
1 456
92
6
1 645
428
1 601
509
2 103
508
18
4 977
1 318
4 980
1 403
6 381
Gallery, Library and Museum
Technicians, nfd
–
–
3
–
3
–
3
Archivists, Curators and
Records Managers, nfd
–
–
3
3
3
–
3
Gallery, Museum and Tour
Guides, nfd
–
–
–
3
3
–
3
Total Other Heritage
Occupations
–
–
4
3
6
–
11
652
70
6 930
1 788
6 724
2 120
8 844
Arts Administrator or Manager
Gallery or Museum
Technician
Total Built, Collectable and
Environmental Heritage
Occupations
Library and Archive Workers
Library Assistant
Library Technician
Total Library and Archive
Occupations
Other Heritage Workers
Total Heritage occupations
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Occupations considered as 'cultural' based on inclusion in the Australian Culture and Leisure Classifications (ABS
2008d).
(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2006.
79
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Table 2: People employed in cultural occupations as main job(a)(b), Vic., By
selected characteristics, 2006, continued
Occupation
15-24
year old
Indigenous
Born in
Australia
Overseas
born
Melbourne
Rest
of Vic.
Total
Author
18
3
528
159
586
112
702
Book or Script Editor
20
–
307
102
393
27
417
3
–
76
30
88
16
100
Classified Advertising Clerk
22
–
101
18
99
33
129
Copywriter
27
–
230
56
270
23
291
Arts workers
Writers and Print Media Workers
Authors, and Book and Script Editors,
nfd
Newspaper or Periodical Editor
84
4
865
314
983
211
1 190
196
3
1 243
305
1 207
362
1 574
Radio Journalist
7
–
101
53
132
25
154
Technical Writer
13
–
433
169
550
60
608
Television Journalist
29
–
145
23
147
24
172
Journalists and Other Writers, nec
47
–
207
60
237
31
271
Journalists and Other Writers, nfd
20
–
222
69
261
45
302
6
–
101
29
92
35
133
487
14
4 568
1 382
5 036
1 011
6 049
71
8
335
68
369
51
420
Print Journalist
Proof Reader
Total Writers and Print Media
Occupations
Performing Artists and Music
Composers
Actor
Dancer or Choreographer
151
11
288
62
328
27
357
Entertainer or Variety Artist
95
3
338
72
361
62
421
Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers,
nec
39
3
171
31
183
26
206
Actors, Dancers and Other Entertainers,
nfd
3
–
11
–
15
–
15
Composer
3
–
65
23
79
3
87
Music Director
Musician (Instrumental)
Singer
Music Professionals, nfd
Radio Presenter
Television Presenter
Total Performing Artists and Music
Composers
3
–
75
16
79
13
97
185
4
1 091
297
1 281
146
1 418
31
–
155
53
190
22
214
3
–
43
7
49
6
57
86
3
322
81
317
100
411
3
3
61
5
57
5
65
669
26
2 960
728
3 313
457
3 768
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Occupations considered as 'cultural' based on inclusion in the Australian Culture and Leisure Classifications (ABS
2008d).
(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2006.
80
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Table 3: People employed in cultural occupations as main job(a)(b), Victoria, by
selected characteristics, 2006, continued
Occupation
15-24
year old
Indigenous
Born in
Australia
Overseas
born
Melbourne
Rest
of Vic.
Total
Performing Arts Support Workers
(other than Equipment Operators)
Art Director (Film, Television or Stage)
Director (Film, Television, Radio or
Stage)
–
–
26
4
26
3
32
16
4
374
101
445
40
487
4
–
51
10
57
3
65
Film and Video Editor
67
–
357
61
378
34
414
Program Director (Television or Radio)
12
4
147
47
176
24
198
Stage Manager
12
–
74
6
81
4
82
Technical Director
4
–
67
13
77
7
79
Video Producer
9
3
168
55
187
36
224
Film, Television, Radio and Stage
Directors, nec
3
–
105
13
112
8
119
Film, Television, Radio and Stage
Directors, nfd
4
–
22
3
27
–
27
Director of Photography
Artistic Director
3
3
42
14
48
5
53
Media Producer (excluding Video)
57
3
1 138
283
1 357
92
1 446
Make Up Artist
72
4
217
55
265
12
279
Production Assistant (Film, Television,
Radio or Stage)
52
–
200
37
227
16
239
Total Performing Arts Support Workers
(other than Equipment Operators)
324
18
2 972
719
3 464
277
3 742
Painter (Visual Arts)
7
11
444
155
474
145
620
Potter or Ceramic Artist
4
–
118
36
93
65
155
Sculptor
4
–
129
53
138
53
189
Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals,
nec
18
6
426
145
444
141
585
Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals,
nfd
3
–
73
30
78
25
108
Visual Arts and Crafts Professionals
Photographer
171
3
1 561
380
1 590
383
1 970
Total Visual Arts and Crafts
Professionals
209
21
2 750
794
2 818
812
3 627
164
3
2 381
1 298
3 435
288
3 726
49
–
558
126
609
84
694
–
–
3
3
4
–
4
Urban and Regional Planner
196
–
1 496
331
1 445
403
1 846
Architectural Draftsperson
336
3
1 757
570
1 843
526
2 363
Total Architects and Urban Planners
744
8
6 193
2 322
7 330
1 300
8 630
Architects and Urban Planners
Architect
Landscape Architect
Architects and Landscape Architects,
nfd
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Occupations considered as 'cultural' based on inclusion in the Australian Culture and Leisure Classifications (ABS
2008d).
(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2006.
81
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Table 4: People employed in cultural occupations as main job(a)(b), Victoria, by
selected characteristics, 2006, continued
Occupation
15-24
year old
Indigenous
Born in
Australia
Overse
as born
Melbourne
Rest of
Vic.
Total
Advertising Specialist
155
3
831
215
Fashion Designer
150
3
857
291
1 017
37
1 054
1 076
106
Industrial Designer
120
5
772
325
1 179
995
124
1 114
Jewellery Designer
15
–
63
29
90
9
97
Fashion, Industrial and Jewellery
Designers, nfd
20
–
107
41
133
14
153
979
10
4 905
1 500
5 722
786
6 509
Illustrator
53
–
315
118
393
50
441
Multimedia Designer
89
–
409
170
549
47
595
193
3
662
275
841
105
943
21
–
85
18
99
11
105
134
–
1 188
341
1 434
131
1 566
Design Workers
Graphic Designer
Web Designer
Graphic and Web Designers, and
Illustrators, nfd
Interior Designer
56
–
170
62
216
21
233
258
–
774
424
1 105
111
1 218
15
–
58
29
73
9
85
Signwriter
282
7
1 231
180
1 038
412
1 449
Visual Merchandiser
163
–
783
126
776
152
926
2 707
27
13 209
4 158
15 547
2 122
17
669
Broadcast Transmitter Operator
12
–
54
6
52
14
64
Camera Operator (Film, Television or
Video)
28
–
259
49
278
38
313
Light Technician
51
–
177
32
187
18
205
206
–
915
176
990
116
1 110
9
–
48
3
47
7
51
14
4
169
31
195
11
210
Multimedia Specialist
Web Developer
Multimedia Specialists and Web
Developers, nfd
Total Design Occupations
Broadcasting, Film and Recorded
Media Equipment Operators
Sound Technician
Television Equipment Operator
Performing Arts Technicians, nec
94
–
198
17
169
54
217
418
3
1 824
317
1 912
264
2 176
16
3
42
30
60
12
71
–
–
3
–
–
3
3
Binder and Finisher
60
6
566
283
732
147
876
Screen Printer
68
6
366
132
429
79
512
Graphic Pre-press Trades Worker
133
–
1 203
322
1 242
316
1 562
Printers, nfd
209
7
1 742
846
2 327
345
2 678
Motion Picture Projectionist
Total Broadcasting, Film and Recorded
Media Equipment Operators
Printing Workers
Printing Trades Workers, nfd
Binders, Finishers and Screen Printers,
nfd
82
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Occupation
Printing Machinist
Small Offset Printer
Printing Assistants and Table Workers,
nfd
Printer's Assistant
Printing Table Worker
Total Printing Occupations
15-24
year old
Indigenous
Born in
Australia
Overse
as born
Melbourne
Rest of
Vic.
Total
212
6
1 520
742
1 941
365
2 309
13
3
134
44
132
47
180
5
–
5
8
11
5
18
147
10
675
454
971
189
1 164
45
4
338
204
439
127
564
910
44
6 589
3 069
8 299
1 638
9 935
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Occupations considered as 'cultural' based on inclusion in the Australian Culture and Leisure Classifications (ABS
2008d).
(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2006.
83
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Table 5: People employed in cultural occupations as main job(a)(b), Victoria, by
selected characteristics, 2006, continued
Occupation
15-24
year old
Indigenous
Born in
Australia
Overseas
born
Melbourne
Rest
of Vic.
Total
Other Arts Support Workers
7
–
327
96
340
99
437
Dance Teacher (Private Tuition)
322
3
943
148
898
209
1 106
Drama Teacher (Private Tuition)
9
–
68
23
76
20
94
Music Teacher (Private Tuition)
399
3
1 719
493
1 745
514
2 257
Cinema or Theatre Manager
100
3
285
30
251
67
320
5
9
130
19
110
42
148
Art Teacher (Private Tuition)
Community Arts Worker
–
–
7
3
9
3
9
Musical Instrument Maker or Repairer
14
–
170
61
187
43
236
Photographer's Assistant
28
–
93
27
113
13
125
Music Professionals, nec
46
–
448
177
455
182
638
931
12
4 186
1 079
4 185
1 194
5 384
Arts Professionals, nfd
34
9
368
112
377
107
488
Media Professionals, nfd
20
4
319
96
370
43
418
6
–
32
6
29
10
39
Performing Arts Technicians, nfd
21
–
64
16
52
23
74
Total Other Arts Workers
81
9
869
258
937
203
1 141
7 482
182
46 124
14 826
52 846
9 273
62 117
3
–
5
3
5
–
5
Picture Framer
Total Other Arts Support Occupations
Other Arts Workers
Artistic Directors, and Media Producers
and Presenters, nfd
Total arts occupations
Other Cultural Workers
Social Professionals, nfd
Historian
6
6
134
30
151
15
166
Interpreter
39
–
180
564
692
70
758
Translator
8
–
59
264
307
21
332
Social Professionals, nec
83
29
431
159
506
99
600
Minister of Religion
3 448
62
7
2 289
1 115
2 494
948
Funeral Workers, nfd
–
–
4
–
–
3
4
Funeral Director
9
–
500
67
366
220
584
10
–
132
26
101
66
170
–
4
129
33
124
38
163
219
47
3 854
2 266
4 755
1 482
6 234
8 353
302
56 905
18 887
64 320
12 870
77 192
Funeral Workers, nec
Civil Celebrant
Total Other Cultural Occupations
Total cultural occupations
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Occupations considered as 'cultural' based on inclusion in the Australian Culture and Leisure Classifications (ABS
2008d).
(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2006.
84
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Table 6: People employed in cultural industries as main job(a), Victoria, by
selected characteristics, 2006
15-24
year old
Indigenous
Born in
Australia
Overseas
born
Melbourne
Rest
of Vic.
Total
Heritage
Libraries and Archives
234
8
1 608
426
1 589
477
2 058
Museum Operation
183
30
1 378
348
1 352
404
1 751
95
3
486
101
550
46
601
Nature Reserves and Conservation
Parks Operation
139
54
1 407
204
799
849
1 644
Total heritage industries
656
92
4 879
1 088
4 283
1 771
6 061
Zoological and Botanic Gardens
Operation
Arts
Printing
1 053
34
8 376
3 493
10 429
1 752
12 185
Newspaper Publishing
661
15
4 779
1 209
4 229
1 879
6 110
Magazine and Other Periodical
Publishing
193
–
1 088
372
1 371
121
1 490
28
–
163
50
165
55
220
Book Publishing
219
7
1 985
762
2 540
257
2 801
Music Publishing
11
–
57
8
63
3
64
Reproduction of Recorded Media
72
3
518
290
800
28
823
Music and Other Sound Recording
Activities
28
–
203
37
227
22
247
117
–
809
261
999
92
1 091
Internet Publishing and
Broadcasting
Book and Magazine Wholesaling
Entertainment Media Retailing
Newspaper and Book Retailing
Architectural Services
Advertising Services
602
3
1 087
190
987
310
1 302
1 662
14
5 077
1 141
4 477
1 892
6 372
773
9
5 974
2 395
7 445
1 028
8 473
1 262
19
5 972
1 936
7 368
688
8 052
Other Specialised Design Services
706
4
4 448
1 312
5 172
677
5 850
Motion Picture and Video
Production
148
3
1 618
377
1 833
172
2 007
Postproduction Services and Other
Motion Picture and Video Activities
27
–
197
43
238
6
247
Motion Picture and Video
Distribution
20
3
172
50
206
17
219
Motion Picture Exhibition
1 737
10
2 347
331
2 252
465
2 712
Radio Broadcasting
111
3
856
211
782
295
1 079
Free-to-Air Television Broadcasting
228
9
2 013
410
2 177
300
2 478
Cable and Other Subscription
Broadcasting
149
–
512
151
605
68
674
Performing Arts Operation
230
3
1 024
266
1 215
88
1 300
Creative Artists, Musicians, Writers
and Performers
299
14
2 972
860
3 316
601
3 920
Performing Arts Venue Operation
138
7
545
125
560
118
686
Video and Other Electronic Media
Rental
1 320
10
1 906
337
1 690
585
2 274
85
Arts and Culture in Victoria
Professional Photographic Services
Arts Education
Total arts industries
15-24
year old
Indigenous
Born in
Australia
Overseas
born
Melbourne
Rest
of Vic.
181
–
1 448
373
1 496
352
Total
1 846
715
16
3 061
839
3 252
735
3 991
12 698
189
59 221
17 834
65 899
12 616
78 516
359
23
4 765
1 991
5 413
1 470
6 884
52
5
1 183
184
921
484
1 402
412
29
5 947
2 171
6 332
1 953
8 284
13 767
314
70 052
21 097
76 516
16 347
92 861
Other culture
Religious Services
Funeral, Crematorium and
Cemetery Services
Total other culture industries
Total cultural industries
– nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)
(a) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.
Source: ABS data available on request, Census of Population and Housing, 2006.
86