Biology 1H
Mrs. Wolodkowicz
Molecules of Life (all consist of carbon)
Role
Building
Block
Carbohydrates
Provides quick
energy.
Composed of C,
H, & O
Lipids
Provides insulation &
stored
energy.
Composed of C, H, &
O, but with a much
higher ratio of C & H
to O
Protein
Cellular building
material, enzymes,
makes up muscles
&
antibodies.
Largest
of
the
molecules found in
cells. 12-18% of a
person’s weight.
Monosaccharide
(simple sugar).
Ex. Fructose &
Sucrose.
Formula
C6H12O6.
They
are isomers-same
molecular
formula, but the
atoms
are
arranged
differently
&
different chem.
Properties.
Fatty
Acid.
Composed of: Fatty
acid
chain
(hydrophilic (polar),
attracted to water, & a
glycerol (hydrophobic
(non-polar),
repels
water.
Amino Acid (20
different aa). AA’s
have 3 functional
groups:
amine
(NH2), carboxyl
and an “R”
group (variable).
Disaccharide
mono+mono
(dehydration
synthesis).
Glucose
+fructose=sucros
e+H2O
Triglycerides (stored
energy). Saturated-no
double bonds-bad for
you,
unsaturateddouble bonds (lowers
melting point of the
fat) good for you.
Polypeptide is a
chain of aa’s. They
are linked together
via peptide bonds
(covalent
bonds)
between
the
carboxyl group of 1
and
the
amine
group of another.
Drawing
Polymer
Ex.
Nucleic Acid
Large molecules
that store all
hereditary
information
in
the
cells.
Include:
DNA
(deoxyribonuclei
c acid) & RNA
(ribonucleic
acid)
Nucleotides
(smallest unit of
a nucleic acid).
Composed of a
ring
shaped
nitrogen
base,
pentose
sugar
(5C),
and
a
Phosphate
group.
Biology 1H
Mrs. Wolodkowicz
Carbohydrates
Polymer
Ex.
Polymer
Ex.
Lipids
Proteins
Polysaccharidemany
disaccharides
linked together
to
form
a
complex
carbohydrate.
Phospholipids-make
up the cell membrane
Enzymes- catalystslower the energy of
activation
by
bringing 2 reactants
together or splitting
them apart.
Ex. Starch (plant
storage
for
sugar), Glycogen
(animal storage
for sugar).
Steroids-do
not
contain fatty acids,
but rather C’s in a
ring.
Make up
hormones,
&
cholesterol.
Ex:
Enzyme+substrate=
Enzyme substrate
complex=Enzyme
+substrate complex.
Nucleic Acid