Name___________________________________Date________Period_____
Biology Review Sheet
Biomolecules
Match the following terms to the correct definition:
Organic Compound
Lipids
Macromolecule
Globular
Glucose
Digestion
Enzyme
Amino Acids
Fibrous
Saccharide
1.
FIBROUS
- type of protein found in skeletal and connective tissue
2.
GLUCOSE
- a simple sugar that cells use for energy
3. ORGANIC COMPOUND- a compound that contains carbon
4. GLOBULAR
-any protein whose polypeptide chain(s) are folded so as to give the
whole molecule a rounded shape
5. DIGESTION
-the process in which food is broken down to release nutrients
6. MACROMOLECULE
-large molecule
7. ENZYME
- a protein that helps start or speeds up a chemical reaction
8. LIPIDS
- olive oil, beeswax, vitamins, -made up of carbon & hydrogen
9. AMINO ACIDS - building blocks of proteins
10. SACCHARIDE - means “sugar
List the 4 major organic compounds and describe their role helping living organisms.
CARBOHYDRATES – ENERGY FOR CELLS, INCLUDES STARCHES AND SUGARS
LIPIDS – ENERGY STORAGE, STRUCTURE OF CELL MEMBRANES
PROTEINS – BUILDS CELLS, TISSUES, SKIN, BONES, INCLUDES ENZYMES, HORMONES,
ANTIBODIES
NUCLEIC ACIDS – DNA AND RNA, CARRY GENETIC INFORMATION, CODE FOR PROTEINS
Whatis the chemical formula for a carbohydrate? Cn(H2O)m n=#of carbon atoms, m=water
molecules
Glucose is broken down and turned into ATP that gives cells the energy they need.
Carbohydrates aren’t always sugary. What is the carbohydrate plants use to store extra sugar
called?CELLULOSE ex. FOUND IN CELL WALLS OF PLANTS
What condition do some people suffer from that by eating breads, potatoes and other starches
could be dangerous?diabetes What happens? All carbohydrates that the person eats are
turned into sugar. This causes a rise in their blood sugar level.
When amino acids are joined together they form what type of macromolecule? protein
List the two types of Nucleic Acids and what they are used for.
DNA – CARRIES THE GENETIC INFORMATION FOR LIVING ORGANISMS, CODES FOR
RNA, FOUND IN ALL LIVING ORGANISMS AND VIRUSES WHICH ARE NOT LIVING
RNA – CODES FOR PROTEIN
Enzymes, Hormones and antibodies are part of which biomolecule? PROTEIN
What are the lipid membranes called and what is the function? Lipids form a lipid bilayer (also
called the phospholipid bilayer) in the cell membrane. The cell membrane is important in helping
the cell maintain homeostasis. It allows water to move in and out of the cell as needed.
Give three examples of Lipids. fats, waxes, vitamins
Lipids are a compound made up of __________ and __________. (look at the drawing)
NOT ON TEST/not covered in notes: Explain the terms saturated-__________________________________________________
Monounsaturated-__________________________________________________________
Polyunsaturated-___________________________________________________________
Triglycerides are stored in adipose tissue
Label the following structures: Triglyceride, Glucose/Monosaccharide, Disaccharide,
Nucleotide, Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA
TRIGLYCERIDE
GLUCOSE
NUCLEOTIDE
DISACCHARIDE
Describe in detail how enzymes work: Enzymes fit specifically to a substrate like a key fits a
lock. The enzyme attached to the substrate and changes it into a new product that can be used
by the cell or organism.
The place where a substrate bonds to an enzyme is called the active site
Enzyme denaturing happens when an enzyme’s shape is changed.
Denaturing can be caused by changes in temperature or pH.
One enzyme can catalyze how many chemical reactions? unlimited
The reaction rate of an enzyme can be changed by changes in temperature or pH.
Give examples of each:
Proteins – meats, animal products, legumes, grains, nuts
Lipids – oils, waxes, vitamins
Carbohydrates – sweets, non-green veggies, baked goods
Nucleic Acid – DNA, RNA
Enzymes – amylase, lipase, polymerase, catalase, pepsin
What is the base unit of a nucleic acid? nucleotide (the links in the chain)
Name the three parts of a nucleotide pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate
How can a student tell for sure if a nucleic acid is Deoxyribonucleic acid or Ribonucleic acid?
Use the term pentose ring in your answer. The deoxyribonucleic acid will be missing an oxygen
on the pentose sugar ring
What is the range of numbers on the pH scale? 0-14
What do they mean?
0-7 acid; 7-neutral; 7-14 - base
What is the difference between a polymer and a monomer? Monomer is a single unit, a polymer
will have multiple units linked together, monomers make up polymers
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
Substrate
Product
Polymerase
Collagen
DNA
RNA
Active Site
Amylase
Benedict’s Reagent
Iodine
Catalyze
Catalase
Biuret Reagent
Activation Energy
Fill in the blank using the words listed above.
Collagen
- fibrous protein that holds jell-0 together
Active site - where an enzyme attaches to a substrate
Biuret
- indicator for the presence of protein ( light blue to violet)
Catalyze
- increase the rate of
Catalase
- enzyme that breaks substrate (Hydrogen Peroxide) to product (O2
DNA
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid – 2 strands, holds genetic info
Substrate
- a substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction
and
H2O)
Activation energy - energy needed to start a chemical reaction
Product
- newly formed substance
Nucleotide - Pentose sugar, phosphate, base
RNA
- Ribonucleic acid, single strand, key role in manufacturing protein
Amylase
- an enzyme that breaks starch into sugar
Polymerase - an enzyme that can “code” DNA strands and also “proofread” the strand
Nucleic acid - made up of a chain of nucleotides
Iodine
- indicator for presence of starch
Benedict’s reagent - indicator for presence of sugar