Longman Book Project Reading for information Reading for enjoyment Reading to reflect on writer’s ideas & craft Awareness of genre Knowledge about language Familiar rhymes for shared activity Repetition; rhythm; rhyme Layout of lines, verses Effect of words Range of large, small, familiar & unfamiliar animals Opportunities for a) discussion of texts matched to interest and development; b)prediction; c) questioning on ideas in story Opportunities for a) discussion of texts matched to interest and development; b)prediction; c) questioning on ideas in story Opportunities for a) discussion of texts matched to interest and development; b)prediction; c) questioning on ideas in story Opportunities for a) discussion of texts matched to interest and development; b) using sentence patterns for prediction; c) questioning on ideas in story Opportunities to: retell stories innovate on stories discuss outcome of plot Covers, titles, illustrations, speech bubbles Use of ‘…’ to show continuation Covers, titles, illustrations, speech bubbles Sight words Covers, titles, illustrations, speech bubbles Days of the week Sight recognition words Simple sentences with capital letters, full stops, speech marks New rhymes on popular themes Repetition; rhythm; rhyme Layout of lines, verses Effect of words Elements of familiar tales incorporated into new ones Big book for shared enjoyment How the plot progresses Predict outcome, sequence events Covers, titles, illustrations, speech bubbles, layout Adjectives Use of capitals and full stops in sentences Title P2 Level A Band 1 Cluster A Band 1 Cluster B Band 1 Cluster C Band 1 Cluster D Band 1 Cluster E Favourite Rhymes Animals Facts – what each animal eats Mai Ling Teddy Reflecting familiar situations Environmental print, signs Big book for shared enjoyment Cumulative text Familiar situations treated in entertaining way Big book for shared enjoyment Familiar situations treated in entertaining way Big book for shared enjoyment Ben Biggins Band 1 Cluster F Webster Band 2 Cluster A Band 2 Cluster B Animal Poems Bean Big book for shared enjoyment Reflecting familiar situations Animal facts Covers, titles, illustrations, speech bubbles Covers, titles, illustrations, speech bubbles Rhyming words Question and answer Capital letters & full stops Sight recognition words Phonics -initial phonemes; rhyming words Capital letters & full stops Sight recognition words Phonics -initial phonemes; rhyming words Days of the week Simple sentences with capital letters & full stops Sight recognition words Band 2 Cluster C Little Frog Band 2 Cluster D Cat Band 2 Cluster E Family Band 2 Cluster F Harry P3 Level B Band 3 Cluster A Minnie Band 3 Cluster B Doodling Daniel Band 3 Cluster C Monster Pack Band 3 Cluster D Dolls’ House Band 3 Cluster E Once upon a time … Band 3 Cluster F Faraway Folk Tales Environmental print Novelty big book for shared enjoyment Humorous animal fantasy Animal stories in familiar settings Big book for shared enjoyment Humorous family stories in familiar settings Big book for shared enjoyment Humorous family stories in familiar settings Big book for shared enjoyment Discuss features of interest in stories Sequence events Choice of vocabulary Make predictions Discuss characteristics of different cats Covers, titles, illustrations, speech bubbles, layout Direct speech Sight recognition words Covers, titles, illustrations, layout Compare to own experience Discuss different characters Covers, titles, illustrations, layout Sight recognition words Simple sentences with capital letters, full stops, speech marks Sight recognition words Breaking words into syllables Recall & describe incidents in story Sequence events Covers, titles, illustrations, layout Sight recognition words Final phonemes Humorous stories, familiar settings Big book for shared enjoyment Fantasy adventure Big book for shared enjoyment Predict events, then retell story in sequence. Identify and discuss reasons for main events. Recall and describe where Daniel went, what he doodled, why & what effect it had. Covers, titles, author, illustrations, layout Onset & rime Consonant clusters – fl, bl, cr and vowel digraphs - oo, ar, a-e Vowel digraphs Past tense Humorous fantasy Big book for shared enjoyment Stories, familiar settings Big book for shared enjoyment Fairy stories, folktale overtones Big book for shared enjoyment Traditional folk tales from Africa Big book for shared enjoyment What makes this fantasy, even though real life setting? Covers, titles, author, illustrations, layout Sequencing events. Discuss the passing of time in the story Covers, titles, author, illustrations, layout Predict endings of stories. Discuss the way the stories are constructed – repetition, accumulation Choice of settings. How characters are presented Covers, titles, author, illustrations, layout Conventional Opening phrases Covers, titles, author, illustrations, layout Covers, titles, author, illustrations, layout Vowel digraphs Comparative & superlative adjectives – smallest, hairiest Verbs ending in –ed & -ing. Connecting words. Wider range of punctuation Irregular sight words Polysyllabic words Compound words –someone, without Question words – who, what, when Band 4 Cluster A Poems Band 4 Cluster B Monster Band 4 Cluster C John Band 4 Cluster D Giddy House Band 4 Cluster E Favourite Stories Band 4 Cluster F Playground Rhymes P4 Level B Band 5 Fantasy poems, familiar setting Big book for shared enjoyment Fantasy stories, familiar setting Big book for shared enjoyment Humorous rhyming stories, familiar setting Big book for shared enjoyment Fantasy stories, imaginary journey Big book for shared enjoyment Traditional stories, variety of cultures Big book for shared enjoyment Playground rhymes/games, cultural mix Big book for shared enjoyment Recall & refer to own experience Question reality, possibility, role of imagination Rhythm, rhyme, pattern Variety of punctuation. Different spelling patterns in rhyming words Discuss main aspects of text – characters, feelings First phrase - use to predict or suggest alternative story Adjectives used to describe character What makes this humorous? Identify elements. Express preferences of stories, characters Discuss and compare settings. Recall & refer to own experience Narrative poetry. Questioning words, use of question mark. Connecting words The effect of specific vocabulary Discuss and compare story themes & morals. How are characters presented? Covers, titles, author, illustrations, layout. What makes this fantasy? Covers, titles, author, illustrations, country of origin Discuss choice, range and classification of poems Rhythm, rhyme, pattern, structure Range and use of punctuation Polysyllabic words King Grumpyguts Fantasy/humour Introduction & development of characters and their characteristics Billy Fishbone Fantasy adventure Blue Moo Animal fantasy Language used to create effect – use of names, repetitive sentences Structure of story – beginning, turning point, resolution Comic – illustrations with speech bubbles and text boxes. Openings and endings Stories on a theme Use of apostrophe for contraction Informal language for conversation Different spellings of the same phoneme; pluralisation of nouns Prefix – unhappy Metaphor – ocean of grass Baabra Lamb Animal fantasy Longer sequence of events; discuss reasons for events Gregorie Peck Animal fantasy Development of character, reasons for behaviour Direct speech interspersed in narrative Repetitious nature of narrative, leading in a circle Narrative; events leading to surprise ending Using verbs and adjectives to convey meaning Variety of connectives. Choice of verbs for accuracy. Wordplay – ewe, you Range of alternatives for ‘said’. The Shadow Dance Band 6 French shop labels Rhythmical patterned text Setting – where is it, how important is it, how is it described? Author talking directly to reader Reasons for events and behaviour. Humour based on misunderstanding Discuss characters, reasons for behaviour Narrative, illustrations Story told in present tense Narrative; structure of tale Link punctuation to type of sentence – question, exclamation etc. Discuss use of specific verbs to describe behaviour Narrative with direct speech intermingled. Openings and endings. How illustrations add to enjoyment. How illustrations add to narrative. How events in story lead towards outcome. Narrative with direct speech intermingled. Varied length of text on pages and in paragraphs Narrative with direct speech intermingled. Varied length of text on pages and in paragraphs. Narrative with direct speech intermingled. Openings and endings. How illustrations add to enjoyment. Mysterious narrative Varied length of sentences for impact Varied length lines, rhyming patterns, layout; Narrative with direct speech intermingled. Fantasy elements introduced Webster and the treacle toffee The day Poppy said “Yes!” Clever Dog, Webster Humorous animal and family story Family story Discuss why different characters have different views of events. How the events lead to the outcome. Letang’s new friend School story Understand and explain feelings of characters. How the contrast in Letang’s old and new homes is shown. How events lead towards outcome. Characters’ behaviour is affected by events. Trouble for Letang & Julie Fantasy Labels, animals’ names School story Letang & Julie save the day School story Identify similarities between the main characters. How the beginning of the story relates to the outcome The day Poppy went out Fantasy Discuss contrast in characters; reasons for and results of their actions. Compare range of story settings The Smugglers of Mourne Jilly’s days Historical adventure Good Dog Animal fantasy Humorous performance poems How atmosphere is created. How situation is reversed through events. Familiar situations to relate to own experience How situation builds and is resolved. How realism and make believe are mixed in. Elements which make this a fantasy Simple similes; descriptions Connectives showing time. Range of punctuation including commas marking clauses. Connectives showing time. Range of punctuation including commas marking clauses. Different ways of beginning sentences Collect descriptive adjectives Use of rhyme and alliteration Use of ellipsis Alliteration Suffixes Adverbs Capital letters for names. Rhyming unusual words – namby-pamby, titbits Band 7 Band 8 Joshua’s Junk Performance poems Nyamia & the bag of gold Traditional stories The Bumbles Humorous adventure How does the story illustrate the moral? How are the characters portrayed? Voice of narrator; how his viewpoint differs from other characters Crazy Crocs Animal fantasy /Rhyme How are characters and opinions presented? Which is funniest story? Justify preferences. How do toys show their dislike? Why does their behaviour change? Compare/relate to own experiences Poupette ‘Issues’ story: jealousy Jug Ears ‘Issues’ story: teasing Why does a) Nicky’s b) the bullies’ attitude change? Horrible Baby ‘Issues’ story: jealousy Compare Sophie’s behaviour before and after dream; give reasons for it. Cold Dark Night Celtic folktales Henry Seamouse Animal fantasy Use of modern setting to ‘contain’ stories; introduction to ‘storytelling’. Discuss description and character of Emily. Find examples in text to justify. Seagull Sweaters ‘Issues’ story: conservation Use chapter 1 to predict relationship between Mark and Gran. Compare to at end of story. How does Gran’s character develop? Identify main themes. Narrative Conventional opening phrases Adjectives Use of commas in lists, to show clauses Narrative with direct speech Chapters – how story is divided into key sections; subtitles Narrative and rhyme. Use of paragraphs; layout for direct speech Pronouns; use of first person Narrative with direct speech Chapters – how story is divided into key sections; subtitles Narrative; illustrations; sentences carrying over pages Narrative with direct speech Chapters – how story is divided into key sections Compare openings Traditional stories usually carry a moral Narrative with direct speech Chapters – how story is divided into key headings Narrative with direct speech Chapters – how story is divided into key sections Compound words Range and use of punctuation Contracted forms Contraction Pronouns Use of formal language by aliens Pronouns Use of different language for certain situations (baby talk) Use of italic font for effect Dialect Compound words Pronouns used to indicate gender. Contractions using apostrophes. Effect of adding –ed & -ing to verbs. Identify words in text used for effect e.g.stumbled, furiously P5 Level C Band 9 The Sandtiger Animal fantasy adventure Presentation of characters. Development of plot towards conclusion BJ Dog Animal fantasy How author creates setting. Structure of story Kung Fu Katy Humorous adventure Which things could/could not be real? How do we feel towards Katy? Does this change? Why? Rachel v. Bonecrusher the Mighty Imaginary worlds Discuss how opening sets scene and presents problem. Identify aspects of Rachel’s character Rachel & the Difference Thief Imaginary worlds Where Does Laughter Begin? Poems that play with words Discuss form of modern story written as traditional one – triumph of good over bad, character in disguise. Discuss Rachel’s character Compare poems which play with words and those with amusing content The Hairy Canaries Humour Nonsense stories The Copper Chisel Historical play set in Ancient Egypt Identify main stages of stories. Discuss the outcomes. Look for similarities showing they might be by the same author. Identify how the author builds up a picture of the setting. Discuss the importance of the character Wia Narrative with direct speech Chapters – how story is divided into key sections Narrative with direct speech Chapters – how story is divided into key headings Narrative with direct speech. Narrative with direct speech Chapters – how story is divided into key headings Narrative with direct speech Chapters – how story is divided into key headings Varied forms and layout Use of speech marks Synonyms for ‘said’ Prefixes Different types of dialogue: questions, statements, orders. Words with double consonant e.g. pulled. Find examples of ‘sound effect’ words e.g. Woooooosh Onomatopoeic words e.g. splodge. Comparative & superlative adjectives Locate increasing range of conjunctions – until, before, while Use thesaurus to collect synonyms Understand use of suffixes – ly, est Recognise use of verbs, adjectives, nouns Become familiar with terms for poetry - rhyming couplet, blank verse etc Understand how dialogue is interspersed into narrative. Explore use of conjunctions and adverbial phrases. Investigate uses of apostrophe. Identify conventions for play scripts. Discuss the importance of the Introduction. Locate examples of compound words. Justify use of past or present tense verbs. Band 10 Rajo and Raja Identify features indicating cultural setting/way of life Family stories Changes in the Night Use text to find differences between Victorian and today Historical/fantasy play Recognise key words or phrases indicating changing attitude. Compare settings and how they influence events in stories. Use text to infer differences between characters How does writer show time shift? Explain the children’s behaviour in scenes 1 & 2. Use text to justify and illustrate Short stories Understand how descriptions in text replace illustrations Locate words with common roots: telephone Investigate use of language for effect: ‘The house looked hungry.’ Conventions of playscript: character list, scenes, layout, scenesetter Homonyms e.g. present Recognise how behaviour of characters is linked to their personalities. Identify ways in which characters relate to each other. Discuss how the characters change through the stories. Identify issues, and compare the three stories. Compare the cats in the two poems. Identify main themes in poems. Discuss mix of genres – fantasy character in realistic setting Distinguish use of possessive apostrophe from use in contractions Locate examples of another genre (report) mixed into narrative. Investigate use of suffix ‘ment’, and identify root words. Discuss the form of each poem – rhyme pattern, rhythm, verse etc. Locate and discuss effectiveness of examples of description in text. Discuss and compare the form of the poems – rhyme pattern, rhythm, layout, verse etc. Conventions of play script: character list, scenes, layout, stage directions. Identify use of figurative language e.g. ‘lemon moon’. Discuss use of adverbs, and suggest additional/alternatives. Look at variety of synonyms for ‘said’. Collect examples of onomatopoeia. Locate examples of simile and discuss effect. Explore use of range of punctuation. Collect and classify adverbs used in stage directions. BJ Goes on Holiday Fantasy adventure: sequel A Hat-trick of Sports Stories Stories on a theme Mimi & Apricot Max Cat poems Kung Fu Katy and a piece of cake Fantasy adventure Recognise aspects of behaviour and how they contribute to the story. Cheating at Conkers Poetry anthology Everyday settings Discuss the ‘voice’ of the poem. Distinguish between writer and poem’s voice. Who’s for the Zoo? ‘Issues’ play Tomasina’s Twin Fantasy adventure Predict the content from the cast list. Identify main themes of plays; identify similarities and differences. Discuss how author sets scene and creates mood. Compare the characters and use text to justify your opinions of Understand how dialogue is interspersed into narrative. Understand how Vocabulary associated with plays and drama Locate examples of simile and discuss effect. Recognise use and formation of adverbs from adjectives. them. Band 11 The Not So Famous Five Adventure/mystery Examine how the story istold through both text and illustration. Discuss how author builds tension and suspense. Compare the cats in the two poems. Identify main themes in poems. Josephine & Pobble Cat poems The Burst Boiler Fantasy, humour Short stories Feelings Poems on a theme from different times Fantastico The Golden Ring Fantasy Science Fiction Humour Stories from another culture (Poland) Explore changes of storyteller through book. How do you know who is narrating? Identify factors across the four stories which link the setting. Bertie’s Uncle Basil Fantasy/Humorous play Use the text to support opinions about the characters. Gracie Trollop & Crunch Animal adventures Adventure Humour/fantasy Sally & the Booted Puss Short story anthology Harriet’s Turn ‘Issues’ story: bullying Keep it Clean Oscar the dog Consolation novel Dog poems Compare the imaginary kingdom to the real world. Express opinions and justify preferences. Identify the themes, and compare their treatment in different poems. How does the author set the scene without actually telling the reader where it is set? Explore the relationships between the characters in the different stories. Discuss the way Harriet deals with what is happening, and the issues raised. How does the poet give human descriptions in text replace illustrations Investigate how and why text is divided into paragraphs and chapters. Discuss and compare the form of the poems – rhyme pattern, rhythm, layout, verse etc. Examine how description is worked into narrative. Discuss and compare the form of the poems – rhyme pattern, rhythm, layout, verse etc. Locate evidence in text giving appearance of Fantastico. Compare the way the stories end, and note similarities with other traditional stories. Discuss how successful the stage directions are in guiding performers. Collect and list synonyms for ‘said’. Compare the use of past and present tense verbs. Discuss use of less common nouns, verbs and adjectives; use context to establish meanings. Understand way in which range of punctuation is used. Locate and explain different uses of the apostrophe. Locate examples of simile and discuss effect. Examine use of figurative language. Discuss value of ‘made-up’ words, and when they might be used. Collect examples of gender word Explore comparative and superlative adjectives. Identify uses of prefixes and suffixes. Look at how the narration is alternated with dialogue, and how it is paragraphed. Compare and contrast this story with the original Puss in Boots Look at the way the chapters open – how do they maintain the reader’s interest? Identify imperative verbs, and explore how word order changes in different forms of sentence. Look at idiomatic phrases and discuss meaning. Find examples of Look at examples of Look at use of colon. Explore compound words and friends P6 Level C/D Band 12 characteristics to the dog? Compare the personalities of the dogs. Compare forms of different poems. Identify clues which distinguish older poems from modern. different rhyming patterns. figurative language Discuss and compare the form of the poems – rhyme pattern, rhythm, layout, verse etc. Locate examples and discuss effect of alliteration. Discuss reasons for using punctuation or not in poetry. Identify the issues in the stories, and discuss their success in getting the message across. Express preferences with reference to text. Identify ways in which author influences reader’s perception of characters. Discuss structure of story and how events lead towards conclusion. Investigate how the author gradually builds a picture of Mr Kite. Compare openings to stories, and evaluate their success in drawing reader in. Locate and justify use of full range of punctuation. Discuss the effectiveness of the ending and suggest alternatives. Compare the use of formal and informal language, and discuss when each could be used. Evaluate the success of similes in descriptions. Identify examples of figurative language. Evaluate effectiveness of adjectives and adverbs, suggesting alternatives. Explain differences between spoken and narrative language. Nibbling the Page Poems in different forms Toby and other tales Short story anthology Familiar settings Archibald Gribbet Mystery adventure Family story Invasion of the Wire Ones Science fiction Camping Paradise Humorous Adventure Locate evidence in text showing relationships between characters. Pizza, Curry, Fish & Chips Poetry collection Identify and discuss the mood created in each poem. Express opinions on the poems, using text to justify them. Celebrity Chicken Humorous/ ‘Issues’ play Identify the author’s viewpoint; how is the message conveyed? Does it affect the reader’s opinion? Discuss reasons for chapter divisions, andevaluate openings and endings. Discuss which poems contain elements of another genre: e.g. autobiography, recount, report. Identify conventions of play script: character list, scenes, layout, stage directions. Captain Stardust & the Space Pirates Science fiction play Investigate how author builds up characters. Discuss stereotyping of characters. Identify conventions of play script: character list, scenes, layout, stage directions. Discuss the functions of the ‘Prologue’ and ‘Epilogue’. Locate examples of words used in an unusual way; evaluate their effect. Discuss examples of colloquial English. Discuss value of ‘made-up’ words, and when they might be used. Understand use of auxiliary verbs in past and future tenses. Investigate words with Band 13 I thought I heard a goldfish singing … Fantasy/Modern fable The Man with No Shadow Fantasy folk tale Rhythm & Rhyme Performance poems Poor Me One Traditional Caribbean story Follow the Sea A Pack of Wolf Tales Duncan Carrick Band 14 Aspects of life and conditions at the time. Discuss the importance of the settings in creating the atmosphere of the story. Discuss how the attitude of the children’s parents towards the three men is conveyed. Discuss the relationship and attitudes of the characters. Discuss how Peter’s character changes through the story. Compare poems from the different cultures, looking at content, style and language. Use the beginning of the story to predict the nature of the tale. Discuss and express opinions on the parents’ behaviour and relate to other reading. Identify the message(s) carried in the story. How is the story suited to being a moral tale? Classic & narrative poems Discuss choice of opening and closing poems; express opinions on their effectiveness. Understand difference between narrative poems and ballads. Traditional stories, myths and legends on a theme. Discuss the way the wolves are portrayed in the stories; is there a consistent view? Historical Scottish story Plot significant events in each chapter, and reflect on how they lead to the outcome. Compare the openings; how much do they tell you straight away about the characters or setting? Understand that the main character is fictional but the story is based on real events. Compare the rhythm of the raps to other forms of poetry. Discuss how effective the first sentences of chapters a re in involving the reader. How does the writer Rap with Rosen Raps Ebony & the Mookatook Bush Humorous adventure Watcher at Adventure Discuss how the characters of Ebony and Chad are presented. Identify main ideas and events, and make predictions. Express an opinion on Robert’s common roots e.g. micro-, photo-. Identify and discuss examples of strong descriptive and figurative language. Identify what makes this a moral tale. Locate examples and understand function of suffixes and prefixes. Identify features needed to make different forms effective. Identify features that account for this being called a ‘folk tale’. Understand differences between local dialects. Consider use of dialect words Look at range of connectives in compound and complex sentences. Understand wider use of verbs e.g. passive, conditional. Locate and collect examples of similes and metaphors. Identify examples of archaic language. Investigate onomatopoeia in Peter and the Wolf. Identify use of commas to demarcate embedded clauses. Investigate ways of making compound sentences. Locate examples of figurative speech. Locate adverbs, discuss effectiveness and suggest alternatives. Collect synonyms to describe the Window P7 Level D/E Band 15 character and behaviour, justifying from the text. How does he change? Comment on aspects of the writing style in the three stories. convey the passage of time? feelings, and distinguish shades of meaning. Identify common elements in folk tales. Discuss the way the writer sets the scene in the first chapter. Make predictions about events. Discuss the title and relate to the various poems; is the distinction straightforward? Referring to the text, express opinions on the poems. Discuss Joseph’s feelings and their importance to the story. Read the original Pied Piper, and evaluate this as a follow up. Discuss the purpose of the last sentences of each chapter. Identify narrative poems. Classify the others, giving reasons. Identify examples of archaic language. Revise use of auxiliary verbs. Identify examples and understand the term ‘preposition’. Identify and discuss examples of informal or colloquial language. Explore the use of flashbacks to help tell the story. Examine the effect of using passive verbs. Identify the narrator in each extract, and consider his/her point of view. Compare to other media versions of these stories. Discuss the characters in the three stories; are they consistent? How do they develop? Compare treatment of theme in different stories. Distinguish between archaic and modern language, and reasons for use of either. Discuss style of narrative and its appropriateness, using text to justify. Discuss which elements of the book are realistic or unrealistic. Discuss use of standard English and slang. The Dolphin’s Daughter When the rain stopped in Natland Heroes & Villains Fantasy/Folktale The Only Child in Hamelin Town Fantasy/sequel Facing the Enemy Classic fiction extracts Grandfather Singh Stories Realistic stories Humorous Quiddy & the Mysterious Mega Virus Adventure/mystery Identify how characters’ behaviour is both affected by and affects events. Through a Window Poetry anthology Rich or Poor? Traditional stories Compare and contrast poems with similar themes. Examine how atmosphere is created in the poems. Identify how different character’s points of view are conveyed. How does the author influence our opinion of Fantasy/humour Narrative poems Humorous Classify the poems into different types, based e.g. on form or effect. Read opening paragraphs and identify common features that author uses to capture Identify the different usage of formal and informal language. How words such as virus can change meanings with time. Locate and evaluate examples of similes, metaphors and onomatopoeia. Look for examples of and explain use of formal language. How is language used to Escape from Everytown Band 16 Weaving Words Fantasy adventure with episodes based on classic novels Poems in different forms Myths, Legends and Monsters Myths and legends White Bird Flying Historical short stories On the Day the World Began Tales from the Underland Creation myth The Quest of Isis Myth Fantasy/ legend characters? reader’s interest. Discuss the effect that the books have on the characters. Investigate and discuss the linking of chapters and episodes. Discuss and compare structures and forms of different poems. Examine variations of style and form. Locate and investigate examples of personification; how do they affect the impact of the poem? Compare characteristics of Heroes and Monsters. How does author handle passage of time? Consider the way the same setting is used as the background for different stories and times. Express opinions on how the author has provided the setting for different stories. How does the author use the introduction to set the scene for the stories and gain the reader’s interest? Examine reasons for characters’ behaviour and its affect on the story. Does the narrator’s style of language alter with the change of historical period. Discuss the way the stories are introduced. Identify the themes which contribute to folktales and legends. Compare this story with other versions, or other myths and identify common features. describe human emotions, e.g. ‘green-eyed monster? Select examples of complex sentences to identify main clauses. Look at how the poets create hyphenated or new words to strengthen description. Locate and collect examples of similes and metaphors; evaluate their effect. Investigate use of passive voice. Identify words from different cultures and religions within the stories. Explore changes in usage of language and find present day equivalents. Explore irregular plurals e.g. sarcophagi.