Medieval History (Unit 8)
I. Early French History (Barbarian period)
a. ____________(Barbarian tribe that invaded Gaul)
_______ (481-511) was the leader that emerged that was very
strong.
He married a princess of the _____________ (she was a
Christian).
Now Clovis became a Christian and forms a close association w/
the ___________________.
Established _________ as the capital, all the rulers that follow
him are weak----son takes over.
b. If they are so weak, how do they last so long?
________________ kings- 481-751
The were known as the “do _____________________ kings.”
The king’s advisors were called the ______________
& in exchange for advice they were given food, clothing &
shelter.
________ of the Palace- 3 most important advisors
c. Mayors of the Palace get power hungry
1. ____________
Tried to dominate the other the two and became so
powerful that he made his position hereditary.
2. _____________ (Son of Pepin II)
Worried about the spread of Islam
Wanted the people to fight for him & gave them land
Army is called “_____________ of the Lord.”
732- defeats the _________ (people of Islam) at the
Battle of _________
3. _______ the Short (Pepin III) - 741-768, Charles’s son
“If I am so strong, why am I not ___________”.
Did not want to overthrow because he would lose
__________. Needed a better way. Pope was the only
one who could get rid of a king (nicely)
Pepin asked the __________ “who should be king”
Pope said the person “who maintains ___________”
Pepin removed the king and placed him in a monastery
>Pope needed help- surrounded by the _________
Pope came to France and officially crowed the King
>Pepin defeated the Lombards and took the land
around Rome & gave it to the Pope (_______
States-Vatican) Donation of _________
I.
Carolingian Dynasty
a. ________________ or Charles the Great 768-814
Dynasty named after him
-Born in the city of ____________ (later named his capital)
-___________ was Pepin the Short
Pepin divided the kingdom up when he died
½ to Charlemagne and ½ to ____________ (his brother,
but he died unexpectedly leaving the whole kingdom to
Charlemagne)
-He takes over at the age of 29
-Could hardly ________, write, but could build an empire
-Great military leader and administrator
-6ft 4in, bearded and reddish-blond hair
b. Expanded territory
1. attacked ____________ in Northern Italy (killed brother’s
wife and children
2. conquered ____________ (Northern GM) _________ fight
Pagans v. Christians-if refused Baptism or converted back
were killed. (1/4 wiped out)
3. Southern GM and Southern France
4. Hungary & the former Yugoslavia (Avars>>relatives of the
Huns)
Failed in ___________
***________ most of Western Europe under his reign. He was
close to the Pope but Charlemagne was more __________.
c. ________________ day
Charlemagne was a very pious or religious man
795-Pope died
New pope had to be elected
Pope ___________ elected (controversial) a lot of people did not
Support & drove out of Rome and was restored by Charlemagne.
Charlemagne went to Rome for Christmas mass—
Pope ___________ him emperor-Did Charlemagne
know????
**Charlemagne now known as Emperor of Romans
1. Implies __________ is more powerful
2. Emperor has ____________ power
Struggle between _________ and _________ that would go on
for centuries
d. Accomplishments of Charlemagne
1. Involved with education (Carolingian ___________)
2. writing – capital letter fancy
- lower case letters
3. Spread Christianity
4. Built ____________- and bridges
5. Fairer laws (Before, commit murder-pay the family
Now, crime against the state)
6. _________ _________—eyes and ears of the king, spies
7. ________ the new capital
8. Divided kingdom into counties
___________ wrote a very accurate and detailed biography (was his secretary
and followed him around)
e. Charlemagne died (Now what?)
Only had one son and he was very religious (had two other sons
but they died shortly before Charlemagne’s death)
____________________ 814-840
Charlemagne made it very clear that he was going to take over>
Smooth transition
But>>>Louis the Pious had three sons
1. _________________
2. Louis the _________
3. Charles the _______
Before he died, Louis the Pious divided it up among his three sons
Treaty of ___________-to prevent any further fighting
Two younger brothers’ team up against the older and divide up the
land formally
Lothair died & over time it became the line or boarder between GM
and ______________
Lothair’s old territory (__________& _________) very rich land.
Both sides wanted it
One of the causes of WWI—_____________________
Empire fell apart about 30 years Charlemagne’s death
III. _______________ the Conqueror
a. Duke of _______________
-Duke William wanted to be _______ (felt he had a claim through a
promise from his cousin __________ the Confessor)
-In order to be king, he needed to get rid of the current king
(__________ of Wessex)
-Ready with a fleet of 500 large ships loaded with armor, swords,
wooden crossbows, and at the last moment horses.
Got the Pope’s blessing –Alexander II
Fleet waited until summer until the winds were right
When he arrived, he says he has seized England with both hands
b. Battle of ______________ 9:00am 10/14 1066
At the time of the invasion, King __________ was in Northern
________.
Heard of the invasion and marched his troops where the two armies
met at the Battle of Hastings (town in Southern England).
7-8 thousand men each
Harold’s men had swords, spears, and battle-axes
Harold’s men stayed on the top of ________ Hill. While the arrows
were shot Harold’s troops strategy was to ________ their shields for
defense.
Anglo-Saxon’s (Harold’s) fought on _______. Word circulates that
William’s ________. Some of the Norman’s fled thinking their leader
was dead. William stood up a __________ to himself. Norman’s
made it through he hill because Harold’s men broke rank and ran after
the previously fleeing Norman’s.
Harold’s men pursued leaving _______ for William’s troops. To defeat
the interlocking shields, they shot their arrows in a high _______.
When they went to protect their head, they left their body open. They
swept underneath.
Strategy before that was to charge, retreat, and then charge again to
break the shields.
King Harold was killed in the fighting and his army began to run away.
c. William I
He becomes the King of _____________ and he was crowned
on Christmas day in ___________
Still was unrest for 5 years before he controls everything completely
Most of Harold’s men left the country and the Norman knights and
lords became the rulers of England
d. 2 people become 1
Norman’s and the Anglo-Saxons (English) shared one bond: ________
William got loyal subjects and he did not change English law or
government.
Problem: __________________
Both could not understand each other
Norman’s spoke _____________
Anglo-Saxons spoke ____________________
In time both languages mixed and became closer to the
language that we speak today.
Anglo-Saxons and the Norman’s also _________ each other and mixed
the both _________________. (Children had their bloods mixed)
In the end the Norman’s and the Anglo-Saxons people became one and
they made up the nation that we know today.
e. Other Results of William the Conquer
1. Introduced _______________________
2. __________ Book-1086
________ survey. Questions people’s life now and how was
there life during Edward the Confessor.
Probably going to be used as information on __________.
Claim the Edward the Confessor’s mom was a sister of William’s
grandfather.
Only invasion of England ever to succeed
Domesday Book still exists (original). Public Record office in London.
All future monarchs are in some way a descendent of William.
Not English, he was French. Spoke only French, lived there his entire life.
He was illiterate. There was no real reason to invade.
IV. The 100 years war and Joan of Arc
France v ________________
France in a war with England since 1337
All the fighting on France ___________
a. Conflict started by English
______________ (English), claimed French crown to protect his land
in France. English held all of ___________ France (North of the Loire
River)
War was later known as the 100 years war.
Not continuous fighting –Fight takes a dramatic turn when????
King __________ or Charles the ___ (insane), left the French crown to an
_____________ _____________
NOT HIS SON. _______________, eldest son of a French King
b. Joan of Arc 1412-1431
Legends of Chivalry were popular in France. In France, in the late middle ages there
was a prediction that France would be saved by a girl. She would come from an oak
forest and would dress like a man.
She came from the dark forest called the __________. Claimed that a
great light burst forth in her father’s garden. Saw ________ one being
the Archangel Michael. He urged her to have greater faith. She kept
hearing _________ and seeing ________. She was told to help
the French King get restored. God would tell when the time would be
right.
c. Joan was the ___________ of God
16 or 17 years old- walked into a French stronghold and told the king
that God told her she would get the crown back to the rightful owner
(Charles’s son) Told him to tell the king that “Joan will lead you to your
crowning”
d. War rages on
Room full of people: Joan went right up to the _________ while never
seeing him before. She said that her voices told her which one he
was.
King’s Council was very impressed.
Joan was good looking, ___________, strong, smiling
Charles was sickly, homely, and afraid for his life
English forces attacked _____________(major French trading city- that
if France lost he war would be over)
Joan convinced the royal palace to let her save Orleans & restore Charles
Two Goals:
-Restore the ______________
-Save ____________________
Given a Duke, an army (3-4000 men) and given armor.
d. Joan’s battle
Joan led the troops in the Battle of ________. People felt that she
was sent by God and it gave them hope.
Joan was wounded in the shoulder.
Asked them to surrender and they laughed at surrendering to a girl
Joan’s forces eventually ____ the battle. After several more battles
and victories. She got the Dauphin crowned and he became
known as ___________. Joan said he would get more respect as
king. She restored the monarchy.
e. War not over
Still troops in _______ &Joan wanted to go but Charles VII ______.
Eventually went and lost. She was later was captured the English.
Was then given to the French _________who opposed Charles VII.
f. Trial at ___________
For months, Joan was questioned and heckled
Told she could not claim she knew God better than the Clergy.
She was called a sinner. They wanted to prove that she was a
heretic thus having Charles crowned by a heretic.
-Would not let her attend mass until she wore women’s clothes
she refused, wanted to be treated and dressed like a warrior
-They could not prove she was a witch but attacked her for
__________________________.
-Signed a confession and then 3 days missing from the trial records
-Dressed like a man again
-Felt she was a witch and __________ her at the stake.
g. War ended 1453
War ___________ forever the ties between France and England
And would lead to many more conflicts
Before the war, England and France thought of themselves as near
relatives. Now they saw themselves as two separate countries.