FM/FISH 328 Forest-Fish Interactions
Name:
Question 1
What does TFW stand for?
3 pts
a) acronym for?
Timber –Fish -Wildlife Agreement
b) What were the goals/objectives of this arrangement?
The agreement avoids the sometimes acrimonious process in which competing interests
present sometimes conflicting evidence to the Forest Practices Board which then has to
make a decision. Under the new process, the parties develop methods for harvesting
timber that still protect the environment.
The goals of the agreement were to provide for the environment and for a healthy forest
industry. Changes in rules are negotiated among the parties instead of argued before a
commission or a court
Was created as a result of continuous litigations arising from the 1974 enacted Forest
Practices. By providing a standardized reference on how things would be measured,
discussions could center on effects, rather than methodologies. It also standardized
methodologies on how things were measured in the watershed.
Question 2
The Forest Practices Board is a (mark correct answer)

2 pts
Federal
 State

Industrial-tribal
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Question 3
3 pts
The “Watershed Analysis Manual is the result of which negotiations/arrangements/agreements
Was created as a result of the TFW agreement. Its purpose was to standardize the
methodologies/measurements in watersheds. The field component of the agreement was
the Interdisciplinary Team, specialists who would examine sites and provide answers to
technical questions.
Question 4
3 pts
What does “ESA listed” mean/imply
ENDANGERED SPECIES LIST: list of species protected under the Endangered Species Act
ENDANGERED: in danger of extinction in the foreseeable future
Under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 "the term 'endangered species' means any species
which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range other than a
species of the Class Insecta determined by the Secretary to constitute a pest whose protection
under the provisions of this Act would present an overwhelming and overriding risk to man.
"A threatened species "means any species which is likely to become an endangered
species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
http://endangered.fws.gov/esasum.html
http://www.dnr.wa.gov/nhp/refdesk/lists/stat_rank.html
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Question 5
3 pts
The new stream typing distinguishes between Fish and No-Fish streams. What is/are the
criteria used to identify a fish-bearing stream?
Stream gradient (<20%); bank full width (>2ft), contributing areas (>50 acres)
Streams with
Defined channel of >2ft bank full width and <16%
>16<20% and a contributing area of 50 acres
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Question 6
3 pts
What are the three major elements/components of a stream cross section?
Stream channel
Floodplain
Transitional upland
See Streamcorridors-slides
Question 7
What does Lane’s rule refer to?
4 pts
Channel equilibrium involves the interplay of four basic factors:




Sediment discharge (Qs)
Sediment particle size (D50)
Stream flow (Qw)
Stream slope (S
Question 8
A landowner straightens a meandering channel to reduce the risk of flooding.
4 pts
How does the channel react?
Based on Lane’s rule, if one variable changes, one or more of the other variables must
increase or decrease proportionally if equilibrium is to be maintained. For example, if
channel slope is increased (e.g., by channel straightening) and stream flow remains the
same, either the sediment load or the size of the particles must also increase.
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Question 9
4 pts
Show with a hypothetical storm hydrograph how stream runoff is modified by being subjected
to human activities, e.g. converting a watershed from a forested basin to a housing
development
Faster run-off is due to larger areas being impervious (roads, rooftops, etc) preventing
rainfall to infiltrate into the soil and temporarily being held in storage (soil, vegetation
layer)
Question 10
2 pts
Going from headwaters to mouth along a stream, the general pattern is for which of the
following parameters to increase?
A.
stream slope
B.
bed sediment particle size
C.
channel width
D.
volume of stored alluvium
E.
B and C
F.
C and D
G.
A through D
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Question 11
2 pts
The hydrographs in urbanized areas often show increases in which of the following, as
compared to the same stream's hydrograph before development?
A.
peak storm flow, lag time it takes to reach peak storm flow
B.
ground water recharge, peak storm flow
C.
peak storm flow, base flow after storm flow is over
D.
speed of runoff, volume of runoff, peak storm flow
Question 12
2 pts
Going from headwaters to mouth along a stream, the general pattern is for which of the
following parameters to decrease?
A. stream slope
B. bed sediment particle size
C. channel width
D. flow velocity
E. A, B and D
F. A and B
G. none of the above
Question 13
A stream in its longitudinal profile has three distinct zones. What are they?
2 pts
Headwater zone
Transfer zone
Deposition zone
See Stream corridor structure
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Question 14
2 pts
The USGS developed an equation to estimate storm runoff for various return periods for
ungaged streams.
What are the variables they use?
Mean annual precip in inches
Drainage area in sqmiles
Question 15
3 pts
Salmonids are said to require three basic habitats. What are they?
They spawn in fresh water
They need estuaries to adjust to saltwater and back again to freshwater
They need oceans for feeding and maturing
Question 16
For the following soil series, provide a classification in the USCS system:
3 pts
Sandy (S) loam, nonsticky and nonplastic (M) …SM
The Cassolary series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in reworked
glacial drift and marine sediments. The soils are on terraces and terrace escarpments. Slopes
are 0 to 50 percent. The average annual precipitation is about 23 inches and the mean annual
temperature is about 50 degrees F.
Bw2--18 to 26 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam, light brownish gray
(10YR 6/2) dry; few medium and coarse distinct dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; weak
medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic;
common fine, medium and coarse roots; common fine and medium interstitial pores; 8 percent
very hard dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) iron concretions; moderately acid (pH 5.8); abrupt
smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Unified Soil Classification System; from American Society for Testing and Materials,
1985
MAJOR DIVISIONS
GROUP
SYMBOL
GRAVEL
MORE THAN
50% OF
GW
WELL-GRADED GRAVEL,
FINE TO COARSE GRAVEL
GP
POORLY-GRADED GRAVEL
COARSE
GRAINED
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CLEAN
GRAVEL
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GROUP NAME
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SOILS
MORE THAN
50%
RETAINED
ON NO.200
SIEVE
FINE
GRAINED
SOILS
MORE THAN
50% PASSES
NO.200
SIEVE
COARSE
FRACTION
RETAINED ON
NO.4 SIEVE
GRAVEL
WITH FINES
GM
SILTY GRAVEL
GC
CLAYEY GRAVEL
SAND
MORE THAN
50% OF
COARSE
FRACTION
PASSES NO.4
SIEVE
CLEAN
SAND
SW
WELL-GRADED SAND, FINE
TO COARSE SAND
SP
POORLY-GRADED SAND
SAND WITH
FINES
SM
SILTY SAND
SC
CLAYEY SAND
SILT AND
CLAY
LIQUID LIMIT
LESS THAN 50
INORGANIC
ML
SILT
CL
CLAY
ORGANIC
OL
ORGANIC SILT, ORGANIC
CLAY
SILT AND
CLAY
LIQUID LIMIT
50 OR MORE
INORGANIC
MH
SILT OF HIGH PLASTICITY,
ELASTIC SILT
CH
CLAY OF HIGH
PLASTICITY, FAT CLAY
OH
ORGANIC CLAY, ORGANIC
SILT
PT
PEAT
ORGANIC
HIGHLY ORGANIC SOILS
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