ANIMAL KINGDOM
CLASSIFICATION
How are
animals
classified?
DOMAIN: eukaryote
KINGDOM: Animalia (nervous
system, heterotrophic, need O2, move
from place to place
PHYLA:
1) Invertebrate= 97% of all animals!
No spine/backbone
2) Vertebrate/chordate= has
spine/central nerve cord/
backbone; 3% of all animals!
CLASSES of INVERTEBRATES:
(really phyla!)—see chart
CLASSES OF VERTEBRATES:
--see chart
 Ectotherm= animal that CAN’T
control it’s body temperature…
body temp≈outside temp (reptiles,
fish, amphibians)
 Endotherm= CAN control it’s
internal temperature…
Body temp is constant/same
regardless of outside temp.
(mammals & birds)
Cell Structure & fxn
How do
**ALL cells release energy this way!**
animal cells 1) Cellular respiration= cells
release the
releasing energy from food
energy in
 RAW INGREDIENTS: sugar &
their food?
oxygen
 Step 1: in the cytoplasm, glucose is
broken up
 Step 2: in the mitochondria, glucose
is broken down more using O2 &
+++++ energy is released
 WASTE PRODUCTS: H2O & CO2
 Equation:
C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+ENERGY!
 CR & photosynthesis are opposite
rxns—energy is captured in one,
released in the other
 Oxygen cycle= exchange of O2 &
CO2 among living things keeping
the levels of both gases in balance in
the atmo.
2) Fermentation= releases energy
w/out using O2
 Alcoholic fermentation: yeast
(fungus) converts sugars into
CO2 & alcohol
 Lactic Acid Fermentation: when
muscle cells break down sugars
w/out O2 during exercise
***NOT as efficient as CR***
What
makes an
animal cell
different
from plant
or bacteria
cells?
What is the
cell cycle?
 Eukaryotic-DNA is inside a
nucleus! Unlike bacteria
animal
both
plant
+1 small
vacuoles
Lysosome=
breaks down
food & waste
Roundish/ovalish
shape
Nucleus
Cell
membrane
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuole
Ribosomes
Golgi Body
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Box shaped
1 large
vacuole
 Cell cycle= process of growth &
division of cells
AKA
“mitosis”
 3 stages:
1) Interphase: copies DNA & grows
2) Mitosis= nucleus divides
 prophase: DNA packs
together & the nucleus
dissolves
 metaphase: DNA lines up in
the middle of the cell
 anaphase: DNA pairs are
pulled apart
 teleophase: two new nuclei
form
3) Cytokinesis= cytoplasm pinches in
to create 2 identical cells