IB1091014 Insect carnivores and prey defense
February 22, 2010, Pages 151-159, pp. 159-164
1. Whereas primary consumers are ___________, secondary (and higher) consumers are
called _________.
2. In the following orders, indicate whether carnivory is rarely ®, commonly ©, or always
present (@)
Araneida
Hemiptera
Coleoptera
Lepidoptera
Odonata
Neuroptera
Diptera
Hymenoptera
3. True or false: All classes of vertebrates include some insectivorous species.
4. Provide an example that proves that the statement below is false:
Due to their small size, insect predators are restricted to killing and consuming invertebrate
prey.
5. Two physical attributes that characterize active predators are:
a.
b.
6. Many predators of active prey use _____________ to paralyze and immobilize their prey.
7. Why is a praying mantis called a praying mantis?
What is praying mantis style Kung Fu?
8. Provide an example of
a. ambush predation
b. insinuation
c. cleptoparasitism
9. Which of the following families contain primarily species that attack sedentary prey?
a. Coccinellidae
b. Syrphidae c. Chrysopidae
d. All of the above
10. Whereas predators kill (only one/many) prey, parasitoids typically kill (only one/many)
host(s) in the course of reaching maturity.
11. Name two orders in which parasitoids can be found:
a.
b.
12. What is polyembryony? In what order can it be found?
13. In addition to venoms parasitoid wasps often inject _________ into their hosts to arrest
development.
14. Provide an example of an ectoparasite:
and an endoparasite:
15. A parasitoid that develops continuously with its host is called a(n) _____________.
16. What is the historical significance of the vedalia beetle, Rodolia cardinalis?
17. List four types of biological control agents that are readily available to home gardeners:
a.
b.
c.
d.
18. In what form(s) of biological control does the biocontrol agent NOT persist?
a.inundative b. inoculative
c. classical
d. both a and b
19. Who is Harmonia axyridis and why was it brought to the United States?
20. Give an example of a nontarget impact of biological control by insects
Give an example of a nontarget impact of biological control by vertebrates