CSCST-UK & SCICS
The 11th Joint Conference
Interfacing Chemical Science and Engineering
Program and Abstracts
Organized by:
Chinese Society of Chemical Science and Technology-UK
Society of Chemical Industry Chinese-UK section
University of Leeds
25th September 2004
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
The 11th Conference Organizing Committee
2
The 9th CSCST-UK Committee
3
Sponsors & Acknowledgements
5
Program
6
The Titles of Abstracts
8
The Abstracts of Plenary Lectures and Oral Presentations
11
The Abstracts of Posters
30
The List of Participants
61
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The Chinese Society of Chemical Science and Technology, UK
&
Society of Chemical Industry Chinese-UK section
The Eleventh Joint Conference
Organizing Committee
Co-Chairs:
Dr. Dongsheng Wen
Dr. Jun Wang
Dr. Hu Zhang
General Secretary:
Mr. Tao Chen
Organizing Committee:
Dr. Yongqi Chen (University of Leeds)
Dr. Ruozhou Hou (University of Leeds)
Mr. Xiaogan Li (University of Leeds)
Dr. Caiyun Ma (University of Leeds)
Dr. Muzhong Shen (University of Newcastle)
Mr. Jingjing Wang (University of Leeds)
Dr. Jingshen Xiang (University of Leeds)
Dr. Cigang Xu (University of Glasgow)
Mr. ChaneYuan Yang (University of Leeds)
Ms. Cathy Hua Ye (University of Oxford)
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The 9th CSCST-UK Executive Committee of
The Chinese Society of Chemical Science and Technology, UK
Chairman:
Dr. Jun Wang, Procter & Gamble , wang_jun100@yahoo.co.uk
Dr. Hu Zhang, University College London, hu.zhang@ucl.ac.uk
Deputy Chairman:
Dr. Dongsheng Wen, University of Leeds, d.wen@leeds.ac.uk
Dr. Cigang Xu, Imperial College London, c.xu@imperial.ac.uk
Ms Hua Ye, Oxford University, hua.ye@eng.ox.ac.uk
Dr. Liming Ying, University of Cambridge, ly206@cam.ac.uk
General Secretary:
Ms Jian Li, Unviversity of Surrey, Jian.li@surrey.ac.uk
Mr Mu Zhong Shen, University of Newcastle upon,
mu-zhong.shen@ncl.ac.uk
Treasurer:
Mr Xiuyan Sun, University College London, x.sun@ucl.ac.uk
Webmaster:
Mr Jianhua Wang, University of Oxford, jhwang2000@hotmail.com
Mr Bin Hu, University College London, b.hu@ucl.ac.uk
Newsletter:
Ms Jian Li, Unviversity of Surrey, Jian.li@surrey.ac.uk
Academic Affairs:
Dr. Xin Zhao, Oxford University, xin.zhao@bioch.ox.ac.uk
Dr. Haitao Li, University of Cambridge, lh286@cam.ac.uk
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Dr. Ding Ma, Bristol University, Ding.Ma@bristol.ac.uk
Mr. Tao Chen, University of Leeds, mentc@leeds.ac.uk
Dr. Shengfu Zhang, Imperial College London, s.zhang@imperial.ac.uk
Liaison with China:
Dr. Wuzong Zhou, University of St Andrews; wzhou@st-and.ac.uk
Liaison with Industry and Technology Transfer:
Dr. Xiangcheng Zhang, Abbott Laboratories; xiang.zhang@ntlworld.com
Dr. Nan Zhang, Procter & Gamble, zhang.n@pg.com
Membership and Newsletter:
Dr George Zheng Chen, Cambridge University; gzc20@hermes.cam.ac.uk
Dr. Tiancun Xiao, Oxford University, Xiao.tiancun@chem.ox.ac.uk
The advisory board:
Professor Zhanfeng Cui, Oxford University
Professor Jian Ren Lu, UMIST
Professor Zhenxiao Guo, Queen Mary, University of London
Dr. Wuzong Zhou, St Andrews University
Dr. Li Jiang, Schlumberger Cambridge Research
Dr. Yulong Ding, University of Leeds
Dr. Junliang Zhou, Sussex University
Dr. Yaozhong Xu, Open University
Dr. Huiru Tang, Imperial College London
Dr. George Zheng Chen, Cambridge University
Dr. Xiaohai Liu, University of Cambridge
Dr. Tiancun Xiao, University of Oxford
Dr. Yuhong Zhou, University College London
Dr. Nan Zhang, Procter & Gamble
Dr. Xiangcheng Zhang, Abbott Laboratory
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SPONSORS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Education Section Chinese Embassy London
Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
University of Leeds
Newcastle Technical Center, Procter and Gamble
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The 11th Joint Conference of CSCST-UK & SCI-CS
PROGRAM
8:45-9:30am
Registration and Poster preparation
OPENING SESSION:
Chair:
Dr. Dongsheng Wen
9:30-9:40
Welcome and opening remarks
Guest speech from Embassy of PRC and SCI
KEYNOTE SPEECH SESSION 1
Chair:
Dr. Yulong Ding (University of Leeds)
9:40-10:20
Dr. David York (P&G)
There is more energy at the interface - Importance of Chemical Engineers to
bringing inventions to the consumer and the vital role of good science
Chair:
Professor JianRen Lu (UMIST)
10:20-11:00
Professor John Fisher (PVC of University of Leeds)
From biomaterials to tissue engineering, Recent advances in joint replacement
11:00-11:30 Coffee break and poster
PRESENTATION SESSION 1
Chairs:
Dr. Wuzhong Zhou (University of St Andrew’s) and Dr. Tiancun Xiao
(University of Oxford)
11:30-11:45
Dr. Liming Ying (University of Cambridge)
An Electric Field Driven Reversible Two-Colour Molecular Switch
11:45-12:00
Dr. Shaojun Xiao (University of Huddersfield)
Surface characterization with Surfstand
12:00-12:15
Dr. Weibin Li (University of Oxford)
Catalytic Combustion of Toluene on MCM-41 Supported Cu-Mn Catalysts at
Low Temperatures
12:15-12:30
Dr. Muzhong Shen (University of Newcastle)
Preparation and characterisation of Pt deposition on ion conducting
membrane
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12:30-12:45
YEE Sook Wah (University of Cardiff)
P450 enzyme inhibitors as indirect differentiating agents for the treatment of
androgen-independent prostate cancer
12:45-14:00 Lunch and Poster session
KEYNOTE SPEECH SESSION 2
Chair:
Dr. Mi Wang (University of Leeds)
14:00-14:40
Professor Richard Williams (University of Leeds)
Nanoscience and technology - myths, truths and the potential for new research
and business opportunities
Chair:
Dr. George Chen (University of Nottingham)
14:40-15:20
Dr. Wuzhong Zhou (University of St. Andrews)
Electron Microscopy of Nanomaterials
15:20-15:50 Coffee break and poster
PRESENTATION SESSION 2
Chair:
Professor XiangQian Jiang (University of Huddersfield) and Dr Y.L Ding
15:50-16:05
Dr. Wenhui Song (University of Brunel )
Nematic Liquid Crystalline Phase and Disclinations of Dispersions of
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes
16:05-16:20
Dr. HaoYing Li (Cardiff University)
Aerosolisation of amino acid-modified spray dried powders
16:20-16:35
Dr. Qiang Fan (University of Sheffield)
A study of low-energy proton irradiated GaAs multi quantum well solar cells
16:35-16:50
Dr. Tiancun Xiao (University of Oxford)
From Science and Technology to Business-The way to Survive Abroad--Case
Study of Oxford Catalysts Ltd
16:50-17:05
Professor F Q Yan (Peking University, invited speaker)
Education in China
17:05-18:00 CSCST general meeting / SCI committee meeting
18:30-20:30 Conference dinner
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THE TITLES OF ABSTRACTS
Plenary Lectures
01
From biomaterials to tissue engineering, Recent advances in joint replacement
John Fisher
02 There is more energy at the interface - Importance of Chemical Engineers to bringing
inventions to the consumer and the vital role of good science
David York
03
Nanoscience and technology - myths, truths and the potential for new research and
business opportunities
Richard Williams
04
Electron Microscopy of Nanomaterials
Wuzhong Zhou
Oral Sessions
01
An Electric Field Driven Reversible Two-Colour Molecular Switch
Liming Ying
02
Surface characterization with Surfstand
Shaojun Xiao
03
Catalytic Combustion of Toluene on MCM-41 Supported Cu-Mn Catalysts at Low
Temperatures
Weibin Li
04
Preparation and characterisation of Pt deposition on ion conducting membrane
Muzhong Shen
05
P450 enzyme inhibitors as indirect differentiating agents for the treatment of androgenindependent prostate cancer
YEE Sook Wah
06
Nematic Liquid Crystalline Phase and Disclinations of Dispersions of Multiwall Carbon
Nanotubes
Wenhui Song
07
Aerosolisation of amino acid-modified spray dried powders
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HaoYing Li
08
A study of low-energy proton irradiated GaAs multi quantum well solar cells
Qiang Fan
09
From Science and Technology to Business-The way to Survive Abroad--Case Study of
Oxford Catalysts Ltd
Tiancun Xiao
10
Education in China
F Q Yan
Poster Session
P01 Electrochemical Degradation of Salicylic Acid At A Ti/SnO2-IrO2 -TiO2 Anode
Zhou Cai , J P Hart and D M Reynolds
P02 Using Synchrotron Radiation (WAXS) to Study CaCO3 Scale Formation and Inhibition
Tao Chen, Anne Neville, Mingdong Yuan
P03 Development of Biodegradable Laminate Films
Jianmin Fang and Paul Fowler
P04 Effect of ultrasound on the primary nucleation and crystal growth of a reactive
precipitation process
Zhichao Guo
P05 Effective thermal conductivity of mineral oil based nanofluids
Ran Huo, Dongsheng Wen, Yulong Ding* and Richard A. Williams
P06 CFD Modelling of Atrium-assisted Natural Ventilation
Y. Ji, M. J. Cook and G. R. Hunt
P07 Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Luminescent CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Structure
Quantum Dots
Yang Li, Peter J Skabara, Paul O'Brien
P08 The absorption of gemini surfactants at air/water interface by neutron reflection
Peixun Li, R K Thomas and Chuchuan Dong
P09 Studies on the assembly and enzymatic mechanism of human telomerase by single
molecule fluorescence spectroscopy
Xiaojun Ren, Haitao Li, David Klenerman, and Shankar Balasubramanian
P10 Confinement of the Electron by Minimising Orbital Overlap
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P. Li, P.V. Patel and C.A. Sams
P11 Electrodeposition of mesoporous II-IV semiconductor films
Xiaohong Li, Tim Gabriea, Iris Nandhakumar, Matthew. L. Markham, David C. Smith,
George. S. Attard, Jeremy. J. Baumberg
P12 Electrocatalysis Towards Fuel Cell Applications
W. F. Lin, J. M. Jin and P. A. Christensen
P13 Electrical Characterization of protein self-assembled on the conducting atomic force
microscopy tip
Nan Wang, Jianwei Zhao, H. Allen O. Hill*, and Jason J. Davis
P14 Analysis of the effect on heat transfer of particle migration in suspensions of
nanoparticles flowing through small channels
Dongsheng Wen and Yulong Ding
P15 Characterization of Functionalised Nanoporous Materials and Adsorption of Metal Ions
Yuan, Q., Xiao, B. and Thomas, K. M.
P16 Topological Chemometric Modelling in Crude
Jianbo Yan
P17 Investigation of sedimentation behaviour of aqueous suspensions
C.Y. Yang, Y.L. Ding, W. Broeckx, and D.W. York
P18 Adsorption Studies of Models for Dioxin and Furan Species on Activated Carbons
X.B.Zhao, K.M.Thomas
P19 Fundamental Studies of Novel Anodes for Direct Merthanol Fuel Cell Applications
F. Zhu, W.F. Lin, Z.G. Shao, P.A. Christensen
P20 Experimental investigation of phase change heat transfer using nanofluids
Dongsheng Wen, Yulong Ding and Richard Williams
P21 Preferential fragmentation pathways for Mn2(pyrrole)n+ complex
G. Wu and A. J. Stace
P22 Introduction of Surface Metrology Group, University of Huddersfield
Xiangqian Jiang, Dejiao Lin, Wenhan Zeng, Tukun Li
P23 Investigation of Ca-P layer formation on chemically treated NiTi
Minfang Chen
P24 PEGylation of pH responsive poly (L-lysine iso-phthalamide)
Z. Yue, M. E. Eccleston and N. K. H. Slater
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PLENARY LECTURES
AND
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
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From biomaterials to tissue engineering, Recent advances in joint replacement
John Fisher
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There is more energy at the interface - Importance of Chemical Engineers to bringing
inventions to the consumer and the vital role of good science
David York
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Nanoscience and technology - myths, truths and the potential for new research and
business opportunities
Richard Williams
Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, University of Leeds,
Leeds, LS2 9JT,UK
r.a.williams@leeds.ac.uk
Nanoscience and technology is a topic that has received significant attention in the last 3
years. This talk presents an assessment of the current state of scientific development, looking
forward to future applications of nanoscience as it is applied more widely in society. Whilst
there has been a variety of good and bad press for nanoscience, the talk will try to take a
realistic view of where we are now and future opportunities both for science and engineering
graduates and new business opportunities. It provides a global platform for research and
collaboration especially between Asia and the West and which will need nuturing to develop
radical solutions to societal issues. Some example will be provided.
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Electron Microscopy of Nanomaterials
Wuzhong Zhou
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews,
St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
wzhou@st-and.ac.uk
Some interesting results of HRTEM investigation of nanomaterials are selected from several
research projects which we currently carried out in St. Andrews.
(1) Novel nanobiodevices have been developed, which are fluorescent, magnetic and celltargeting. Both hydrophobic fluorescent quantum dots (QDs, ca. 3-6 nm diameter) and
magnetic nano--Fe2O3 (ca. 5-20 nm diameter) were embedded into polymer nanospheres
(ca.100-250 nm diameter) to construct bifunctional nanospheres. Cancer cell-targeting
nanobiodevices were fabricated by modifying the bifunctional nanospheres with folic acid.
The products were characterized by HRTEM, EDX and fluorescence microscopy.
(2) Co catalyzed growth of fishbone-like fractal nanostructures of Mg2SiO4 have been
investigated using HRTEM. The branches of Mg2SiO4 fibres and detailed structures of cobalt
nanoparticles at different growth stages have been recorded and the formation mechanisms of
both the fibres and the Co nanoparticles are discussed. It is found that these two components
grow concurrently. Co initially formed nanocrystallites with the sizes less than 5 nm and then
joined together to form spherical clusters. These clusters continued to grow and recrystallized
into larger polygonal single crystals (>150 nm). The experimental evidence shows that the
formation process of Mg2SiO4 includes amorphous surface coating, forming polycrystallites
in the coating layer and recrystallisation into cylindrical main stems and branches.
Several other projects, including crystalline H2Ti3O7 nanotubes, detailed structures of silicon
nanowires, etc, will also be discussed.
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An Electric Field Driven Reversible Two-Colour Molecular Switch
Samuel S. White, Liming Ying, Shankar Balasubramanian and David Klenerman
Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge
Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
ly206@cam.ac.uk
Over the past few years molecular switches have attracted widespread interests in the quest
for molecular electronic devices. Current switching systems operate either by a
conformational change in the molecule which is induced by an electric field, an STM tip, an
electrochemical reaction, or light. Alternatively, molecular switches can be operated nonconformationally by redox reaction or a chemical binding event. Biomolecules have recently
been adapted for new purposes, for example, DNA has been used as part of a conducting wire,
molecular machine, crystal template, scaffold for nanoscale construction and even as a
component of a ‘computing machine’.
The use of nucleic acids as molecular switches is a relatively new concept, and has so far had
limited success. The main constraint with the current mechanisms for DNA conformational
switches is that they require bimolecular hybridisation or a change of buffer. Such switching
is slow.
Furthermore, in some cases switching is not reversible or the process creates
undesirable ‘waste’ DNA. Here we show that the fluorescence of individual dye-labelled
duplex DNA with a donor and acceptor fluorophore at the same end can be reversibly
switched between a donor emitting green state and acceptor emitting red state on application
of an electric field applied in the tip of a nanopipette. This DNA switch overcomes the
problems mentioned above by using an electric field to alter the DNA-dye interaction, making
switching rapid (<100 ms) and reversible without by-products. The electric field appears to
change the environment of the acceptor dye only, resulting in a significant decrease in its
quantum yield presumably due to interaction with the DNA. This may find uses in single
molecule optoelectronic devices and indicates that other biological molecules as well as
voltage gated ion channels may have their conformations switched by application of electric
field.
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Surface characterisation with Surfstand
Shaojun Xiao and Xiangqian Jiang
Group of Surface Metrology, Centre for Precision Technologies
University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
With the improvement of science and technologies, the precision of the surface finish has
been promoted from the micrometer scale to the nanometer or atomic scale. Those high
precision surface finishes are common, they are however difficult to characterise due to the
fact that they are rich in multi-scalar features.
Wavelet analysis has been introduced into surface metrology in recent years as it has better
time-frequency localisation properties than the Fourier transforms and is potentially an
excellent tool to characterise a multi-scalar surface. Its function can be prove from the
denoising of measurement and feature extraction.
Furthermore, pattern analysis concepts are introduced to surface texture as a framework for
Feature parameters. Two key processes are contained in pattern analysis for surface. The first
is to segment the surface texture into features using novel surface network structure, then the
second is to manipulate those features based on the connection. Succeeded uses could be
surface segmentation or cell counting, and in aid of to characterise each segment of the
surface.
The Surfstand is being developed to a powerful tool for surface characterisation, and realises
the novel filtering, parameter and pattern analysis of the surface roughness of 3D surface data,
which were the latest research results of the two concessive EC projects coordinated by the
surface roughness group at the University of Huddersfield. Furthermore, the advanced 3D
surface topography displaying and the basic data-input and results exporting will also be
integrated in the new software package.
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Catalytic Combustion of Toluene on MCM-41 Supported Cu-Mn Catalysts at Low
Temperatures
W. B. Li1, 2, M. Zhuang1, T. C. Xiao2, and M. H. L. Green2
1
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
2
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
weibin.li@chem.ox.ac.uk
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industrial processes and automobile
exhaust emissions are recognized as major contributions to air pollution. Catalytic combustion
at a lower temperature is an effective route to eliminate VOCs [1]. Supported noble metals,
metal oxides and perovskite oxides have been widely investigated for the combustion of
VOCs. More recently, Okumura et al [2] have reported that the oxide support might play a
significant role for the Pd supported catalysts on the catalytic combustion of toluene. Antunes
et al [3] have reported that CuNaHY zeolites show high toluene combustion activity and
serious deactivation at low temperatures due to the formation of carbonaceous deposits (coke)
retained inside the zeolite pores during the reaction process. On the other hand, MCM-41
possesses high BET surface areas, uniform pore sizes with larger pore dimensions between
1.5 and 10 nm, and high thermal and hydrothermal stability [4]. Moreover it has been recently
found in our laboratory that MnOx-ZrO2 and CuOx –MnOx mixed oxides prepared in reverse
microemulsion show higher specific surface areas and superior high toluene combustion
activity [5].
Catalytic activities were measured in a 10 mm i.d. quartz tubular reactor. The reaction
mixture consisting of toluene (0.35% by volume), O2 (9% by volume) and argon (balance gas)
was passed continuously through a 0.1 g catalyst sample bed with a total flow rate of 60
ml/min of argon. The inlet and outlet gas compositions were analyzed after stepwise changes
in the reaction temperatures by on-line gas chromatograph (Shimatzu 14B) with a FID
detector using a Porapak Q column.
Therefore in this presentation MCM-41 Supported Cu-Mn Catalysts were synthesized by
direct template procedure or ion exchange of siliceous MCM-41 with Cu-Mn precursor
solutions for catalytic combustion of toluene in the presence of excess oxygen.. The results
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shows that mesoporous catalysts have exhibited the highest catalytic activity as compared to
microporous catalyst. The reaction activity followed the order of Cu-Mn/MCM-41> CuMn/ZSM-5-25 > Cu-Mn/ZSM-5-38 > Cu-Mn/β-zeolite > Cu-Mn/porous silica. The less
amount of coke formation due to the unique mesoporous structures will possibly play a key
role in the high activity on the mesoporous catalyst. In addition, Cu-Mn-MCM-41 shows
higher oxidation activity than either single metal catalyst, i. e., Cu-MCM-41 and Mn-MCM41. The highly dispersed Cu-Mn mixed oxides on mesoporous structures possibly provide
active sites for the complete oxidation of toluene on these mesoporous catalysts.
References
1. J.J. Spivey, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 26 (1987) 2165
2. K. Okumura et al , Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 44 (2003) 325–331
3. A.P. Antunes et al, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 33 (2001) 149–164
4. J. S. Beck, J. C. Vartuli, W. J. Roth etal, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 144 (1992) 10834.
5. W. B. Li, W. B. Chu, M. Zhuang, J. Hua, Catalysis Today, in press.
W. B. Li, Y. Zhang, Y. Lin, X. Yang, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 141, 503-510, 2002.
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Preparation and characterisation of Pt deposition on ion conducting membrane
Muzhong Shen
School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, University of Newcastle upon Tyne,
Newcastle Upon tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
mu-zhong.shen@ncl.ac.uk
Membrane-electrode assemblies for direct methanol fuel cells have been prepared by
depositing platinum on the surface of solid polymer electrolytes (SPE).
Chemical and
electrochemical deposition were used to achieve good adhesion between platinum particles
and the SPE and for reducing the contact resistance. Platinum particle structure and
composition were investigated by means of SEM and EDX. Cyclic voltammetry and methanol
oxidation tests revealed that electrocatalytic activity of the Pt-SPE electrode is lower than that
of commercial carbon supported catalyst.
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P450 enzyme inhibitors as indirect differentiating agents for the treatment of androgenindependent prostate cancer
YEE Sook Wah
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Welsh School of Pharmacy,
Cardiff University, King Edward Avenue VII, Cardiff, CF10 3XF, UK
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among males in the US, with 230,110
estimated new cases and 29,900 deaths for 2004 alone (Jemal et al 2004). Hormonal therapy
and surgical castration have prominent roles in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Unfortunately, hormonal therapy is not capable of producing durable responses in the
majority of patients with advanced disease. Once the patient develops hormone-refractory
prostate cancer, his outlook is poor, with a median survival time of 9 months. Clearly, new
effective treatment strategies are needed for the treatment of HRPC.
One of the new therapeutic strategies is to employ a differentiating agent to suppress prostate
cancer cell proliferation. 1α,25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and retinoic acid have antiproliferative
and differentiating effect on prostate cancer cells (Peehl & Feldman 2003). However, the
plasma level of these differentiating agents were reduced after continous dosing in human.
The presence of cytochrome P450 enzymes are responsible for the metabolism of 1α,25hydroxyvitamin D3 and retinoic acid are cytochrome 24 (CYP24) and 26 (CYP26)
respectively. Therefore, one of the new strategy is to attain sufficient tissues level of 1α,25hydroxyvitamin D3 or retinoic acid.
CYP 24 has been shown to be expressed in some prostate cancer cell lines. Liarozole and
ketoconazole, the inhibitors of CYP26 have shown promising data in the treatment of HRPC.
Identification of potent inhibitors of CYP24 and CYP26 may be a new strategy for the
treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
It has been shown in our own laboratory, that isoflavones and flavones, tetralones (Kirby et al
2003) and coumarins are known to affect the activity of a variety of cytochrome P450
enzymes involved in hormone biosynthesis. In view of these facts, it was of interest to
investigate the inhibitory activity of these compounds against CYP24 and CYP26.
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The biochemical evaluation of the synthesised tetralone compounds was undertaken using a
modification of the method of Kirby et al (2003). The incubation mixtures (0.5 mL)
containing NADPH generating system (50 μL) and substrate (10 μL, either [11,12-3H]
retinoic acid or 25-hydroxy[26,27-methyl-3H]-vitamin D) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and
enzyme suspension (20 μL liver microsomal or 50 μL kidney mitochondrial fractions) were
incubated at 37 °C for 30 min in a shaking water bath. The solutions were quenched by the
addition of 1 % acetic acid v/v (200 μL). Then ethyl acetate containing 0.02 % butylated
hydroxy anisole (2 mL) was added and the tube vortexed for 15 s. The organic layer (1.5 mL)
was transferred into a clear tube and the solvent evaporated using a centrifuge connected to a
vacuum pump and a multitrap at – 80 °C. The residue was reconstituted in methanol (50 μL)
and was injected into a reverse-phase HPLC connected to an online scintillation detector. The
separated [3H]-metabolites were quantitatively calculated from the areas under the curves.
The percentage inhibition was calculated from: 100[(metabolites (control) – metabolites
(inhibitor)/(metabolites control)]%.
The results showed that the synthesised tetralone compounds (IC50 = 0.4 - 9 μM) displayed
greater inhibitory activity than the standard compound for CYP24 and CYP26, namely
ketoconazole (IC50 = 18 μM).
Jemal, A. et al (2004) Ca Cancer J. Clin. 54: 8-29.
Kirby, A.J. et al (2003) J. Enz. Inhib. Med. Chem. 18: 27-33.
Peehl, D. M. and D. Feldman (2003) Endocr-Relat. Cancer 10: 131-140.
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Nematic Liquid Crystalline Phase and Disclinations of Dispersions of Multiwall Carbon
Nanotubes
Wenhui Song
Wolfson Centre for Materials Processing, Brunel University,
Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK
wenhui.song@brunel.ac.uk
Alan H Windle
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, CB2 3PH, UK
Carbon nanotubes can be considered as a type of highly conjugated, rigid-rod
macromolecules. The combination of asymmetrical shape and their excellent elastic ability to
undergo large deformation suggests that interesting parallels may be drawn with rigid rod-like
macromolecular system, such as Kevlar fibre. The formation of a liquid crystalline phase in a
carbon nanotube system would be expected to facilitate large-scale alignment during
processing as well as providing novel opportunities to understand further details of liquid
crystalline behaviour.
An isotropic-biphase-nematic phase transition has been observed in the aqueous dispersion of
multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) using polarised light microscopy. The coexistence of
isotropic and anisotropic phases over a sequential range of concentration is attributed to the
polydispersity of nanotube length. Longer and thicker nanotubes pack preferentially in the
anisotropic phase. Above a critical concentration, a Schlieren texture characteristic of the
nematic phase is apparent in the dispersion. The characteristic features of the optical texture
and the corresponding direct field of the nematic dispersion are revealed. After the liquid
crystalline dispersion of carbon nanotubes is slowly dried out, the liquid crystalline texture is
retained into the solid phase. The dried structure can be observed by scanning electron
microscopy enabling individual tubes to be resolved and the detailed structure of the nematic
orientation to be observed. In particular, the observation of structures of disclinations has
allowed a direct study of nematic distortions as well as the core structure of the disclinations
in the nanotube systems with different lengths and diameters. The work points to the
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significance of the size of nanotubes in determining the roles of both curvature elasticity and
ordinary nano-elasticity.
Fig.2: (a) Optical micrograph of nematic liquid crystalline phase of MWNT in aqueous
dispersion; (b) Scanning electron micrograph of a +1/2 disclination of dried film from the
dispersion. (W. Song, I. Kinloch and A.H. Windle, Science 302, 1363, 2003).
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Aerosolisation of amino acid-modified spray dried powder
H-Y Li1, PC Seville2, IJ Williamson3 and JC Birchall1
1
Gene Delivery Research Group, Welsh School of Pharmacy
Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3XF, UK
2
Inhalation Technology Research Team, Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University,
Birmingham, UK
3
Royal Gwent Hospital, Gwent Healthcare NHS Trust, Newport, UK
Lih8@cf.ac.uk
Dry powder inhalers offer many advantages over other pulmonary drug delivery
devices, including lack of propellant, breath-actuation, enhanced stability and ease of
administration.
To maximise on this potential, dry powder formulations have
undergone significant development, with a number of methods investigated to
increase the flowability of micronized particles, thereby increasing particle deposition
in the lower respiratory tract during inhalation. Spray drying, a one-step process,
offers a quick and convenient procedure to prepare micronized particles within the
respirable size range.
In this study, the aerosolisation of spray dried powders
incorporating amino acids is investigated.
Aqueous solutions of salbutamol sulphate (SS) and lactose with arginine (Arg),
aspartic acid (Asp), phenylalanine (Phe) or threonine (Thr) were spray dried (Büchi
191 mini spray dryer) under standard operating conditions to generate dry powders.
The particle size was determined by laser diffraction and particle morphology was
visualized using scanning electron microscopy.
The in vitro aerosolisation
performance of the dry powders was determined using a Spinhaler™ DPI and a
Multistage Liquid Impinger (MSLI), with SS deposition at each stage of the MSLI
analysed by HPLC. The fine particle fraction (FPF) was calculated as the proportion
of powder deposited in the lower stages of the MSLI (i.e. aerodynamic diameter <6.8
μm).
Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the Phe-modified powder comprised
particles with wrinkled surfaces. In contrast, the lactose-SS particles and the particles
containing Arg, Asp, or Thr were homogeneous spherical particles with smooth
- 25 -
surface. Particle size analysis indicated that the Phe-modified powder displayed a
unimodal distribution (mean diameter 4.0 μm), whereas the lactose-SS particles and
modified particles with Arg. Asp or Thr powders were multimodally distributed
(mean diameters 28.3 μm, 32.9 μm, 15.6 μm and 15.2 μm, respectively). The large
particle size of these latter powders suggests cohesion between individual particles to
form larger aggregates. The emitted dose of the modified powders (Arg: 88.3%; Asp:
92.1%; Phe: 81.7%; Thr: 94.8%) was greater than that of the unmodified powder
(64.9%), suggesting improved aerosolisation properties.
All modified powders
demonstrated higher FPF than the unmodified powder (FPF 7.4%), with the Phemodified powder demonstrating the most significantly enhanced dispersibility (FPF
29.5%).
The incorporation of amino acids, in particular Phe, in the formulation prior to spray
drying can significantly enhance the aerosolisation of dry powders for respiratory
drug delivery.
- 26 -
A study of low-energy proton irradiated GaAs multi quantum well solar cells
Q. Fan, B. McQuillin, G. Hill and John
EPSRC III-V Facility, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
K. Barnham
Physics Department, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BW,UK
Y. Xu and WJ. Wang
Beijing Solar Energy Research Instiute, Beijing 100083, China
fanqianguk@hotmail.com
The performance degradation for GaAs multi quantum well solar cells (MQWSCs)
using 2 MeV proton irradiation has been studied. The results have shown that the
spectral response of MQWSC clearly reduce in the long wavelength side after the
proton irradiation at room temperature. The characteristic degradation mechanisms of
proton-irradiated cells is discussed, and the experimentally determined absolute ΔVoc
loss was found to be a good match to a model which describes the absolute ΔVoc. The
cells are seen to display good radiation tolerance for 2 MeV proton irradiation and
there was only slight decay to the cell characteristics under the irradiation fluence
4×109 p/cm2, however 75% degradation rates of the power conversion efficiencies
have been found under the irradiation fluence 2×1011 p/cm2.
砷化镓量子井太阳能电池在低能质子辐照后光电性能的衰变
本文章介绍用 2MeV 低能质子辐照砷化镓量子井太阳能电池(GaAsP/InGaAs
MQW)的方法，研究其光电性能的辐照衰减机理极其规律。实验结果表明砷化
镓量子井电池光谱响应的辐照衰减主要是在短波长一侧； 电池开路边电压衰减
值与理论推导值数吻合。量子井材料中高含量的铟提高了电池的耐辐照性能，
11
2
当辐照剂量达辐照注量为 2 × 10 p/cm 时，电池光电转换效率衰减比为 25%。
- 27 -
From Science and Technology to Business-The way to Survive Abroad------ Case
Study of Oxford Catalysts Ltd
Tiancun Xiao
The Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX 1 3QR, UK
xiao.tiancun@chem.ox.ac.uk
Studying abroad and carve-out are many people’s dream. However, due to the culture
difference, language barriers and limited available academic positions, finding a
satisfactory job to survive abroad is not so easy. Maybe as a chemist or chemical
engineer, finding a job may not be so difficulty, as there is a big demand in chemical
industries. Of course, besides working as employees, we should make use of our own
intelligence and knowledge to create more opportunities for living abroad. Here I will
use the growth of Oxford Catalysts Ltd as the example to show how to develop
business for both ourselves and the society.
I came to Oxford to carry out research on catalysis in 1999 as an academic visitor, in
the first year, my research focused on the development of new carbide, nitride
materials as catalysts. Due to my hard work and colleague’s support, I wrote 3 papers
for submission. After the first year visiting, one of colleague left for a new position in
industry, my host professor asked if I had interests in looking after his catalysis
laboratory. Certainly you know my answer. I stayed in the lab for another year.
During this period, besides helping my professor to supervise the Ph. D students and
also finishing the research tasks of a company, I also made use of my past experiences
to develop more practical catalysts for natural gas conversion and coal to liquid. On
the base of these results, I filed a patent with my professor.
However, although the company was happy with our progress, but they had
difficulties in raising finance and stopped supporting us. I faced a problem of
renewing my contract. Fortunately I filed one patent in ISIS Innovation, which had
funds to support further research on the base of new patent, so I got support directly
from Oxford University to work for my professor in his lab. This gave me more
- 28 -
flexibilities. I can do more exploratory research work and establish more connections
with industries.
During this period, I filed another patent, based on which a lot of
catalyst can be designed and developed. I have two catalysts tested in industry pilot
plant, and one of giant Oil Company said my catalyst was the best he ever saw for gas
to liquid. Because of these work, Oxford University would like to help me to set up a
new company to commercialise my two patents, however, my professor is a genius
scientist, who had not interests in doing business. Meanwhile, the Funds for me from
ISIS Innovation was nearly used up, how can I continue my research? Although at
this moment, I got several invitations to work on the other project outsides of Oxford,
but this still can not provide me with my own business opportunities, How shall I do?
Luckily, Oxford University got grant from HEFCE to set up enterprise and business
fellowships from England Government in 2003. This is a creative program, which is
to help the Universities and inventors to commercialise their inventions, so as to
promote technology transfer. It was well organised and managed in Oxford. The
director of the Oxford Program, professor Peter Dobson, whom I met in a party
invited me for the application. My application was successful and I spent a year in
contacting customers for my invention, and also improving my products. After 1 year
efforts of mine and the business fellow, Dr. Terry Pollard, we have attracted great
attention from Industry and investors. We won the elevator pitch prize in the Biggest
Venture Capital Event in UK, and now Oxford Catalysts Ltd is ready to fly. Come
and join Oxford Catalysts Ltd, I look forward to working with you.
- 29 -
THE ABSTRACTS OF
POSTERS
- 30 -
Electrochemical Degradation of Salicylic Acid At A Ti/SnO2-IrO2 -TiO2 Anode
Zhou Cai , J P Hart and D M Reynolds
Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England,
Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
Zhuo.Cai@uwe.ac.uk
Salicylic acid (SA) is a key compound in the synthesis of aspirin and as a result is a
major environmental contaminant due to its presence in related industrial effluents.
The voltammetric response of SA and related compounds at a glassy carbon electrode
have been well reported [1-2]. Since these compounds exhibit good electrochemical
behaviour, it is possible to monitor the electrochemical degradation of SA using
cyclic voltammetric techniques.
The electrochemical degradation of SA (10-2M) at a Ti/SnO2-IrO2-TiO2 anode in four
different electrolyte solutions (see below) was investigated. Electrolyses were
conducted at +2.5V for 4 hours using an anode area 2.5 cm2 in the following
solutions:
A) 0.5M NaCl
B) 0.25M HClO4, 0.5M NaCl
C) 0.5M NaNO3, 0.5M NaCl
D) 0.5M NaNO3, 0.25M HClO4, 0.5M NaCl
In electrolyte solutions C and D, SA is decomposed completely to ring opened
compounds such as chlorinated ethane or propane after electrolysis. Meanwhile in
electrolyte solutions A and B, SA is degraded to chlorinated phenolic and quinonic
compounds after electrolysis. The difference in degradation pathways for SA in the
above electrolyte solutions is probably due to the formation of a layer of polymer on
the anode surface during electrolysis. This polymer is responsible for preventing
further reactions taking place at the electrode. In electrolyte solutions C and D the
evolution of oxygen prevents the formation of a polymer layer and allows further
electrochemical reactions with SA to take place. For electrolyte solutions A and B the
evolution of the oxygen is greatly reduced, possibly due to the adsorption of chloride
ions at the electrode surface.
- 31 -
Using Synchrotron Radiation (WAXS) to Study CaCO3 Scale Formation and
Inhibition
Tao Chen*, Anne Neville*, Mingdong Yuan**
*Corrosion and Surface Engineering Research Group, School of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Leeds, leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
** Baker Petrolite, 12645 W. Airport Boulovard, Sugarland, Texas, 77478, USA
t.chen@hw.ac.uk
Scale formation is a serious problem encountered in many industries; oil or gas
production, water-piping systems, power generator and batch precipitation. The
presence of a scale layer can cause a series of problems: impedance of heat transfer,
increase of energy consumption and unscheduled equipment shutdown.
The overall aim of this paper is to further the understanding of scale formation and
inhibition by in-situ probe of crystal growth by synchrotron radiation (WAXS). The
application of synchrotron radiation (WAXS) for the study of calcareous formation
and growth enables crystallization mechanisms at engineered surfaces, under realistic
conditions, to be investigated in absence and in the presence of scale inhibitors at 25
centigrade and elevated temperature.
It was demonstrated that it is possible to monitor in detail, and by in-situ methods, the
crystallization process of calcium carbonate scale. More specifically, the nucleation
and growth of various calcareous polymorphs and their individual crystal planes can
be observed. The initial phase of crystallization is characterized by instability, with
individual planes from various polymorphs emerging and subsequently disappearing
under the hydrodynamic conditions. The majority of these planes can be assigned to
the vaterite and aragonite polymorphs.
In this paper, the effects of scale inhibitors PPCA are studied. An understanding of the
structural rational for the varying stability of crystal surfaces under different
conditions.
- 32 -
Development of Biodegradable Laminate Films
Jianmin Fang and Paul Fowler
The BioComposites Centre, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
bcs013@bangor.ac.uk
In recent years, co-extruded laminate films have become increasingly important for
many applications, especially in the food industry, where they are mainly applied in
the packaging of products such as fresh pasta, meats and cut vegetables to extend the
shelf-life of the goods. Commercial multilayer films currently comprise a number of
layers (3–9) of different polymers. In most applications, the outer layers consist of
cheap, water barrier polymers with good mechanical properties (polyethylene [PE],
polystyrene [PS]); the inner layers consist of more expensive materials, which offer
good
gas-barrier
properties
(polyvinylidene
chloride
[PVdC],
polyethylene
terephthalate [PET]). However, the existing products are not biodegradable. Such
conventional plastics, manufactured from fossil fuels, not only consume nonrenewable and finite resources, but also impact heavily on waste disposal. For this
reason, BioComposites Centre is collaborating in the development of new laminate
films for the production of food packaging. These new materials include laminates
based on modified starch and polylactic acid (PLA), which are anticipated to present
good water and gas-barrier properties, as well as easily extruded and processed, and
eventually (bio)degraded at the end of the product life.
- 33 -
Effect of ultrasound on the primary nucleation and crystal growth of a reactive
precipitation process
Zhichao Guo
University of College London, Ifor Evans Hall, 109 Camden Road,
London, NW1 9HZ, UK
zhichao.guo@ucl.ac.uk
This research aims to investigate the effect of ultrasound on the primary nucleation
and crystal growth of a reactive precipitation process. Ultrasound has the effect of
increasing mass transfer, accelerating crystal growth, reducing agglomeration and
particle disruption. Experiments will be planned to investigate the effect of the
ultrasonic power and frequency on the crystal growth rate, primary nucleation,
agglomeration and breakage. Mathematical models will be developed to describe
crystallization kinetic phenomena, which will be transferred to the scale-up of
sonocrystallization processes.
The effect of ultrasound on the induction time will be investigated enabling the
diffusion coefficient (DAB) to be evaluated when predominant nucleation is
homogeneous. The relationship between the ultrasonic power and diffusion
coefficient (DAB) will be obtained using a non-linear regression analytical technique.
However, when nucleation is predominantly heterogeneous, the effect of ultrasound
on the contact angle (θ) and geometric correction factor (f) will be investigated. The
change in the contact angle (θ) and geometric correction factor (f) will lead to a
decrease in the critical nuclei size ( rc ) and hence an increase in the nucleation rate.
The critical nuclei size ( rc ) will also be determined. The importance of this research is
to introduce ultrasound as a novel process technology in industrial crystallization
processes.
The advantage of using sonocrystallization is that it can be implemented to solve
industrial crystallization problems that cannot otherwise be overcome using
conventional technology.
- 34 -
Effective thermal conductivity of mineral oil based nanofluids
Ran Huo, Dongsheng Wen, Yulong Ding* and Richard A. Williams
Institute of Particle Science & Engineering
University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
huoran7903@hotmail.com
This work is concerned with the thermal behaviour of non-aqueous suspensions of
nanoparticles (Nanofluids). Mineral oil was used as the base liquid to prepare
nanofluids and copper nanoparticles were employed as the dispersed phase. The
thermal conductivity of the nanofluids was measured and the effects of particle
concentration, temperature, as well as the type and the amount of dispersant were
investigated. The results showed that the addition of copper nanoparticles into mineral
oil led to an increased thermal conductivity. The enhancement of the thermal
conductivity increased with increasing volume fraction of copper nanoparticles. More
significantly, the thermal conductivity of nanofluids increased significantly with
temperature. The work also showed that long term stability of nanofluids remains a
challenge for significant industrial applications of mineral oil based nanofluids.
- 35 -
CFD Modelling of Atrium-assisted Natural Ventilation
Y. Ji1, M. J. Cook1 and G. R. Hunt2
1
Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University
The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
yingchun@dmu.ac.uk http://www.iesd.dmu.ac.uk/
2
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Imperial College London, SW7 2BU, UK
Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to model buoyancy-driven
airflows has always proved challenging. This work investigates CFD modelling of
buoyancy-driven natural ventilation flows in a single-storey space connected to an
atrium. The atrium is taller than the ventilated space and when warmed by internal
heat gains producing a column of warm air in the atrium and connect space drives a
ventilation flow. Results of CFD simulations are compared with predictions of an
analytical model and small-scale experiments. Using the RNG k-epsilon turbulence
model the predicted airflow patterns and temperature profile agreed reasonably well
between the three prediction techniques. The work demonstrates the potential of using
CFD for modelling natural displacement ventilation and the accuracy that can be
expected
- 36 -
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Luminescent CdSe/CdS Core/Shell
Structure Quantum Dots
Yang Li, Peter J Skabara, Paul O'Brien*
The Manchester Materials Science Centre and Department of Chemistry, Manchester
University, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK, M13 9PL
liyangnano@yahoo.com or paul.obrien@man.ac.uk
A simple route for the preparation of CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals from an
inexpensive and air-stable precursor is presented. A mixture of hexadecylamine and
trioctylphosphine oxide was utilised as both capping agent and reaction solvent to
obtain a narrow size distribution of nanocrystals with improved photoluminescence.
The selenium and cadmium acetate precursor with a large ratio of Se:Cd was found to
be essential in preparing a highly luminescent CdSe core. Cadmium acetate and sulfur
in oleylamine proved to be effective precursors for CdS shells, whose thickness can
be adjusted by varying with the quantity of sulfur used.
The CdSe/CdS nanocrystals have been verified by optical absorption spectroscopy,
photoluminescence spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffraction and TEM. The
nanocrystals obtained exhibited the PL peak with narrow full width at half maximum
(fwhm~28-38nm). The photoluminescence of CdSe/CdS nanocrystals has been
greatly improved in comparison to the CdSe bare core nanocrystals. A visible
spectrum from green to red of the CdSe/CdS solution sample can be obtained with
quantum yields ranging from 30% to 60%. The position of the PL peak and the
quantum yields are strongly dependent on the Cd:S ratio of the shell precursors in
solution. Successive injection of aliquots of Cd and sulfur precursors at different time
intervals achieves higher quantum yields of nanocrystals with several monolayers
thick CdS shell. This synthetic method can be readily performed on a multigram
scale.
- 37 -
The absorption of gemini surfactants at air/water interface by neutron reflection
Peixun Li, R K Thomas and Chuchuan Dong
Physical and theoretical chemistry laboratory, Oxford University
Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
peixun.li@chem.ox.ac.uk
The absorption of the series cationic Gemini surfactants, CsH2s+1N(CH3)2-(CH2)6N(CH3)2CsH2s+1Br2, which is designated Cs-C6-Cs, where s and 6 denote the
number of carbon atoms in the chains of the free alkyl chain and the spacer,
respectively (s=16,12,11,10,9,8), were studied by surface tension and neutron
reflection at air/water interface. By using partially deuterated forms of the surfactants
in NRW, D2O and protonated forms in D2O, neutron reflection was used to
determine the values of the area per molecule at critical micelle concentration(cmc)
and the distribution of the spacer, chain and head at the air/water layer. The effects on
the absorption of Gemini surfactants with the chain were discussed.
- 38 -
Studies on the assembly and enzymatic mechanism of human telomerase by
single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy
Xiaojun Ren, Haitao Li, David Klenerman, and Shankar Balasubramanian
Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road
Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
lh286@cam.ac.uk
Telomerase synthesizes telomere DNA [(TTAGGG) n in human] using an intrinsic
RNA template. Telomerase is activated in more than 85% of cancer cells. However
failure to activate insufficient telomerase activity can also promote human diseases
such as dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) and aplastic anaemia (AA). We have
performed single molecule two color coincidence fluorescence spectroscopy on
human telomerase. This was used to probe the stoichiometry and composition of
telomerase, its mechanism of action and perform ultra-sensitive measurement of
enzymatic activity. We have observed that the RNA component (hTR) of human
telomerase mutlimerises in solution and identified a new RNA:RNA interaction site.
Fluorphore-labelled antibodies have been employed to identify the self-recognition
interaction of catalytic protein subunit (hTERT) of human telomerase. The
stoichiometry of human telomerase can be measured by combination of fluorphorelabelled hTR and fluorphore-labelled antibody targeted hTERT. A new sensitive
single molecule fluorescence method for the detection of telomerase activity and
measurement of processivity has also been developed.
- 39 -
Confinement of the Electron by Minimising Orbital Overlap
P. Li, P.V. Patel and C.A. Sams
Schollo of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), Bedson Building
University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
PEIYI.LI@NCL.AC.UK
Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), Bedson
building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU
Controlled electron migration is of great importance in thriving molecular electronics
and photonics. This work is to investigate how the orbital overlap would influence the
electron delocalisation. The target molecules are dinuclear Ru(II)/Os(II) terpyridyl
complexes.
4+
N
RuII
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Os II
N
N
O O
N
N
4PF64+
N
RuII
N
N
N
N
N
N
RuII
N
O O
N
N
N
N
4PF6-
= -(CH2)n-, n = 1, 2, 3, 4; -(CH2CH2O)n(CH2CH2)-, n =2, 3, 4
The key feature of these wire-like molecules is the strap that link the two central
phenyl rings. By varying the length of the strap, it is possible to tune the torsion angle
between the two phenyl ring, and thus the electron delocalisation within the
molecules. The poster presents the synthesis, temperature-dependent emission
spectroscopy and computational results. It is concluded that the extent of electron
delocalisation at the triplet level depends on the torsion angle imposed by the bridge.
- 40 -
Electrodeposition of mesoporous II-IV semiconductor films
Xiaohong Lia, Tim Gabriela, Iris Nandhakumara, Matthew. L. Markhamb, David C.
Smithb, George. S. Attarda, Jeremy. J. Baumbergb
a
School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ
b
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton
Southampton, SO17 1BJ
xl2@soton.ac.uk
It has recently been demonstrated that lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases of nonionic surfactants can act as nano-scale templates for the electrochemical growth of
adherent high-quality metal (e.g. platinum, palladium, cobalt and silver) and
elemental semiconductor (e.g. selenium, tellurium) films leading to well-defined
periodic three-dimensional interconnected nanostructures. We report here the first
synthesis of uniform and high-quality II-VI semiconductor compound films of CdTe
and ZnO with a hexagonal nanoarchitecure fabricated via this direct liquid crystal
templating route. The preparation of the nanostructured mesoporous films was carried
out by cathodic electrochemical co-deposition of various metal species dissolved in
the aqueous domain of the hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystalline phase (HI) of the
non-ionic surfactant octaethyleneglycol monohexadecyl ether (C16EO8). The
deposition mechanism was studied based on cyclic voltammetry. The influence of the
deposition potential on the morphology, composition, and structure of the deposited
film was also investigated. The template mixtures and films were characterised by Xray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and polarising optical microscopy to
ascertain the presence of a regular nanostructure. UV-vis reflectance spectroscopy
was employed to investigate their optical properties. The ability to electrodeposit
mesoporous nanostructured semiconductors highlights the possibility of creating a
new class of materials that would exhibit unusual electronic and optical properties.
- 41 -
ELECTROCATALYSIS TOWARDS FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS
W. F. Lin*, J. M. Jin and P. A. Christensen
School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of
Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England.
wenfeng.lin@ncl.ac.uk
The structure, reactivity and surface catalytic processes of the well-defined Ru(0001)
and various RuPt electrodes towards the adsorption and (electro-)oxidation of small
organic fuel molecules in various electrolyte solutions have been studied by combined
ex-situ (emersion) electron diffraction, STM and Auger spectroscopy and in-situ
electrochemical time-resolved variable-temperature FTIR spectroscopy, and new
insights into the surface electrocatalysis have been obtained at the molecular level.
It has been shown that the Ru(0001) electrode undergoes the potential-dependent
formation of well-defined and ordered oxygen-containing adlayers of (2x2)-O(H) and
(1 x 1)-O(H), and finally RuO2(100) in perchloric acid solution. The adsorption and
electro-oxidation of methanol, formic acid, formaldehyde and CO at the Ru(0001)
electrode have been investigated as a function of temperature, potential and time
using in-situ FTIR spectroscopy, and it was found that the oxide phases have a
marked effect upon the reactivity of the surface towards the adsorption and electrooxidation of such fuel molecules. Both linear (COL) and threefold-hollow (COH)
binding CO adsorbates were observed on the Ru(0001) electrode from either the
direct electrochemical adsorption of CO or the chemisorption of formic acid and
formaldehyde in 0.1 M HClO4 at lower potentials where the (2x2)-O(H) layer was
present. The (2x2)-O(H) phase was found to be inactive towards COads electrooxidation. The electro-oxidation of COads took place via reaction with the active (1 x
1)-O(H) surface oxide/hydroxide phase. A remarkable increase in surface reactivity
was observed at the novel RuO2(100) phase where bridging O atoms and coordinatively unsaturated Ru atoms acting as active sites. The reversible potentialdependent surface diffusion of CO adsorbates was followed by time-resolved in-situ
FTIR. To further discriminate between RuOH and RuO as the active surface species,
novel experiments on the oxidation of COads at open circuit conditions were
performed, and the data obtained shows clearly that a significant fraction of the
- 42 -
oxidation of adsorbed CO takes place via a non-Faradaic chemical process. The effect
of thermal activation and the influence of anions and pH of the electrolytes were also
studied.
The studies on the Ru(0001) surface were extended to Pt modified surfaces, and
further studies on the Ruads/Pt(111), Ruads/pc-Pt and RuPt alloy electrodes were
carried out as well. Base on all these new data, new reaction mechanisms are
discussed.
- 43 -
Preferential fragmentation pathways for Mn2(pyrrole)n+ complex
G. Wu and A. J. Stace
Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
gw23@Sussex.ac.uk
Gas-phase organometallic ion chemistry is an active area of experimental research. A
series of mixed cluster neutrals Mn2(pyrrole)n were produced by using of a “pickup”
technique. These neutral metal/solvent clusters were ionized by 100eV electrons
within the ion source of a high resolution, double focusing mass spectrometer (VG
ZAB-E), and were then accelerated by a potential of +5 kV. A gas cell permits the
collisional activation of size-selected parent ions. Fragments arising from the
collisional activation were identified by scanning the ESA in the form of a MIKE
(Mass-analysed Ion Kinetic Energy) scan. Fragmentation patterns were recorded for
Mn2+(pyrrole)n ions up to n=5. Several features are of interest with regard to possible
reaction pathways. A conclusion to be drawn from results presented is that two
molecules of pyrrole would appear to be strongly bound to a manganese atom in Mn2+
ion, and that the atom in turn carries a significant fraction of the positive charge. We
would suggest that larger complexes between the metal dimmer and pyrrole adopt the
structure: Mn(I).Mn(0).(pyrrole)n-2, from which all of the observed patterns of
behaviour reported here can be derived.
- 44 -
Characterisation of Functionalised Nanoporous Materials and Adsorption of
Metal Ions
Yuan, Q.
School of Computing and Technology, The Nottingham Trent University,
Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU
Xiao, B. and Thomas, K. M.
Northern Carbon Research Laboratories, School of Natural Sciences,
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU
bo.xiao@ncl.ac.uk
Various methods to incorporate acidic/basic functional groups in nanoporous carbon
materials were studied, including nitric acid oxidation, ammonia treatment and
directly carbonise carbon precursors, such as polyacrylonitrile and dibenzothiophene,
with rich nitrogen and sulphur groups. SEM, FTIR, XRD, Raman Microscopy,
adsorption of N2 (at 77K) and CO2 (at 273 K), XANES, TPD, acid/base titration,
pHPZC measurement, flow microcalorimetry, proximate and elemental analyses were
used to characterise the surface physical chemistry of the synthesised nanoporous
carbon materials. It was observed that the incorporation of acidic oxygen functional
groups slightly decreases pore volumes of materials. The heat treatment changes the
surface functional groups in a wide concentration without a significant different of
pore volume. This allowed the adsorption of aqueous metal ions to be mainly related
to the type and concentration of the incorporated surface functional groups.
The incorporated acidic oxygen functional groups by nitric acid oxidation mainly are
carboxylic, lactone (or lactol) and phenolic groups, having proportion of ~45 –50, ~16
- 20 and ~31 – 35%, respectively. Carboxylic functional groups are least thermal
stable than the other groups and decompose at a lower temperature to form CO2.
Lactone groups may decompose to give CO and CO2 at middle temperature and
phenolic groups only give CO at a higher temperature. Heat treatment at different
temperature produce a suit of carbon materials with a wide range of oxygen functional
group concentration in order to study the effect of oxygen groups on adsorption of
aqueous metal ions. Nitrogen functional groups in nanoporous carbon materials are
possibly in the forms of pyridinic, pyridone, pyrrolic and quaternary nitrogen groups.
- 45 -
The order of stability of these nitrogen groups is pyridine N-oxide < pyrrolic <
pyridinic < quaternary nitrogen. Compared with those having rich acidic oxygen
functional groups, these materials have higher pHPZC values. Therefore, net positive
charges are readily form on these material surfaces due to adsorption of protons from
solution, while those with acidic functional groups tend to release protons to from net
negative charge on surfaces.
The adsorption of aqueous metal ion species, M2+(aq), on acidic oxygen functional
group sites mainly involves an ion exchange mechanism with proton displacement,
while adsorption on nitrogen group sites involves a coordination mechanism with a
higher adsorption enthalpy. The ratios of protons displaced to the amount of M2+(aq)
metal species adsorbed have a linear relationship for both single-ion and binary
mixtures of these species, and decrease with increasing heat treatment temperature
due to removal of oxygen functional groups from carbon surface. Hydrolysis of metal
species in solution may affect the adsorption, and this is the case for adsorption of
Hg2+(aq) and Pb2+(aq). Competitive adsorption decreases the amounts of individual
metal ions adsorbed, but the maximum amounts adsorbed still follow the order
Hg2+(aq) > Pb2+(aq) > Cd2+(aq) > Ca2+(aq) obtained for single metal ion adsorption.
The adsorption isotherms for single metal ion species were used to develop a model
for competitive adsorption in binary mixtures, involving exchange of ions in solution
with surface proton sites and adsorbed metal ions, with the species having different
accessibilities to the porous structure. The model was validated against the
experimental data.
- 46 -
Topological Chemometric Modelling in Crude
Jianbo Yan
ABB Ltd, Daresbury Park, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4BT, UK
jianbo.yang@gb.abb.com
NIR (Near Infra Red) model based technology – chemometric modelling is finding its
solid existence in the process industry, to perform property analysis, partly replacing
conventional laboratory analyser technology. In Oil industry, the various modelling
technologies (PLS, MLR, PCA etc.) have been proved by large amount of industry
application, mainly in finished product (gasoline, gasoil, lubricant etc.) blending. It is
the time of applying the chemometric modelling technologies in Crude Assay to
predict the crude compositions and properties. These compositions and properties will
provide the necessary information for the whole crude supply chain including crude
production, crude transportation, crude management, and very importantly for crude
refining. The modelling technologies in crude will bring significant benefit both in
cost saving and linking with the model to other advanced process modelling systems.
However, the current main obstacles of using conventional chemometric modelling
(such as PLS etc.) in crude are to deal with the nonliear properties like viscosity and
the necessary of building large number of models (one crude will have about 100
properties and each property needs one model) and that subsequently need heavy
maintenance.
This poster introduces an advanced chemometric modelling technology that is based
on topology. It is different from other NIR systems because of its non-regressional
modelling technology, which allows it to model non-linear properties and carry out
multiple properties prediction using single model. Besides the technology overview,
this poster also gives its application examples both in live crude and stablised crude,
the application accuracy following ASTM reproducibility code and the benefit by
using the technology in crude.
- 47 -
Investigation of sedimentation behaviour of aqueous suspensions
C.Y. Yang1, Y.L. Ding1, W. Broeckx2, and D.W. York2
1
Multiphase and Reacting Systems Laboratory, Institute of Particle Science and
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
2
P&G Technical Centres, Newcastle, UK
checy@leeds.ac.uk
Sedimentation behaviour of aqueous suspensions is of relevance to a number of
industrial sectors including detergent, chemical, pharmaceutical, minerals, and nuclear
industries. Sedimentation can be a wanted or an unwanted phenomenon depending on
applications. This work aims at modelling and understanding the sedimentation of
particles with a higher density than that of the host liquid (aqueous solution). A
discrete element method (DEM) has been incorporated with the continuum medium
approach to simulate the sedimentation behaviour under various conditions. The DEM
uses Newton’s second law of motion to calculate the trajectory of individual particles
hence their velocity, the liquid flow fields is solved by using the local averaged
Navier-Stokes equation, and coupling between the fluid and particle phase is through
the Newton’s third law of motion.
In the DEM modelling, gravitational force, buoyancy force, fluid drag force, van der
Waals attractive force, electrostatic repulsion force, and the steric interaction force
due to the presence of a polymer surfactant are considered. In the preliminary study,
particles of uniform size are considered. In the liquid flow field modelling, the
SIMPLE algorithm is adopted. The effect of particles on the fluid viscosity is
considered by using an empirical expression for suspensions.
A code has been developed in-house for 3-dimensional simulations. Shown in Figure
1 is the x (horizontal) and z (vertical, positive direction points downward) trajectories
of a 50μm silica particle (density 2300kg/m3) in water (density 1000kg/m3). This
simulation was conducted on a system with a spatial domain of 2cm x 2cm x 2cm, in
which 50 particles suspended initially in a homogeneous manner. The cell size was
taken as 0.02cm x 0.02 cm x 0.02cm. The simulation took about 12 hours in a
Pentium 4 PC.
- 48 -
X-position of particle No
5(cm)
z-position of
particle No 5(cm)
3
The positive z-direction is dow nw ard
2
1
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
time(sec)
1.816
1.814
1.812
1.81
1.808
1.806
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
time(sec)
Figure 1 Trajectory of No 5 particle in x- and z- direction
Currently, more simulations are being carried out on more concentrated suspensions
in a larger container, and to examine the effects on the sedimentation behaviour of
various factors such as particle size distribution (e.g. the Gaussian distribution),
particle density, particle size, polymeric properties, ionic concentration, temperature,
as well as non-Newtonian effect of the host liquid. The results will be reported in the
near future.
- 49 -
Adsorption Studies of Models for Dioxin and Furan Species on Activated
Carbons
X.B.Zhao, K.M.Thomas
Northern Carbon Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural
Sciences, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU,UK.
XUEBO.ZHAO@NCL.AC.UK
Activated carbons are widely used for the abatement of a wide range of emissions of
environmentally unfriendly species. In this study adsorptives with similar structural
characteristics to dioxins and furans have been used as models to understand the
adsorption of the extremely toxic dioxin and furan species under the conditions,
which simulate the high temperatures (up to 473K) and low relative pressures (p/p0 <
0.0001) found in flue gas treatment methods. The results show that under these
conditions, both the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics are important in the
choice of adsorbent.
- 50 -
Fundamental Studies of Novel Anodes for Direct Merthanol Fuel Cell
Applications
F. Zhu, W.F. Lin, Z.G. Shao, P.A. Christensen
School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Bedson Building
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 1RU, UK
Fuyun.Zhu@ncl.ac.uk
The preparation, optimization and characterization of novel anodes based on Pt and
Ru thermally decomposed on Ti substrates for application in the direct methanol fuel
cell have been performed and will be described. Half cell and full cell data will be
presented, as well as SEM and EDX studies showing the evolution of the structure
and topography of the anodes. The oxidation of methanol at these novel anodes was
studied using variable temperature in-situ FTIR spectroscopy and these data will also
be presented.
- 51 -
Analysis of the effect on heat transfer of particle migration in suspensions of
nanoparticles flowing through small channels
Dongsheng Wen and Yulong Ding
Multiphase and Reacting Systems Laboratory, Institute of Particle Science and
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
predw@leeds.ac.uk
Thermal management represents one of the greatest challenges in maintaining the
functionality and reliability of high-speed micro-electronic systems such as MEMS
and NEMS. This calls for development of high performance heat transfer media,
which can not only flow through micro- and nano-channels under local operating
conditions, but also carry as more heat as possible out of the system. Recent work has
shown that suspensions of nanoparticles with a size considerably smaller than 100nm
but with thermal conductivity orders of magnitudes higher than the base liquids have
a greater potential as a high energy carrier for the micro- and nano-systems. However,
it is also known that particles in a suspension undergoing a shearing action may
migrate, hence lead to non-uniformity. This indicates that the efficiency of heat
transfer in the micro- and nano-channels may not be as superior as expected, which
bears significance to the micro-system design and operation. This work aims at
addressing this issue by examine the effect of particle migration on heat transfer in
small channels. This involves development of both flow and heat transfer models, and
numerical solution to the models. The flow model takes into account the effects of the
shear-induced and viscosity gradient-induced particle migrations, as well as selfdiffusion due to the Brownian motion, which is coupled with an energy equation. The
results show that particle migration could lead to concentration of particles at the wall
region much lower than that in the core region. The results also show that particle
migration could increase the Nusselt number under both constant temperature and
constant heat flux conditions.
- 52 -
Experimental investigation of phase change heat transfer using nanofluids
Dongsheng Wen, Yulong Ding and Richard Williams
Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, University of Leeds
Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
predw@leeds.ac.uk
Recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have allowed creation of a novel
type of fluids termed nanofluids. Such fluids are suspensions containing particles
significantly smaller than 100nm, and have been found to exhibit anomalous higher
thermal conductivity than that predicted by the macroscopic theories. This could
provide a basis for an enormous innovation for heat transfer intensification, which is
of major importance to a number of industrial sectors including transportation, power
generation, micro-manufacturing, chemical and metallurgical industries, as well as
heating, cooling, ventilation and air-conditioning industry. However, a number of
issues associated with nanofluids have to be resolved before substantial industrial
applications can be taken up. These include stability and thermal properties of
nanofluids particularly at elevated temperatures, and flow and heat transfer behaviour
of nanofluids under different situations. The focus on this paper is to evaluate the pool
boiling heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids on which only a couple of studies have
been published. Besides significant enhancement of Critical Heat Flux (CHF)
reported on the limited publications, nanofluids were found to deteriorate the heat
transfer performance under nucleate boiling regime, which is somehow controversy.
This might not be true because the nanofluids reported were formulated with the help
of some surfactants, which also influenced heat transfer significantly. It is unclear that
the deterioration was caused by the effects of surfactants or the additions of
nanoparticles. In this work, pool boiling experiments using De-ionised water, DI
water with surfactant and nanofluids made of  Al2O3 nanoparticles are investigated
independently; the effects of nanofluids on nucleate pool boiling are elucidated and
possible mechanisms involved are discussed.
- 53 -
Electrical Characterization of protein self-assembled on the conducting atomic
force microscopy tip
Nan Wang, Jianwei Zhao, H. Allen O. Hill*, and Jason J. Davis
Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oxford
South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
nan.wang@chem.ox.ac.uk
Electrical measurement of protein at molecular level is extremely important in the
application of bio-electrics. We have developed a new method to fabricate the protein
to the conducting tip, and then conduct with the conductive substrate so as to test the
electronic property of protein molecules via conducting atomic force microscopy.
Here, electron transfer through the azurin, metalloprotein molecule has been explored
using the conducting atomic force microscopy. The I-V curves under different forces
were collected to detect the electrical resistance of protein at molecular level.
Since the protein is a kind of rather soft biomaterials, the electric property associated
with molecular structure must be sensitive to the force loaded. When the force is less
than 2nN, dielectric breakdown takes place when the bias exceeds a critical value at
both positive and negative polarization. When increasing the force from 5nN to 70nN,
the electrical resistance of protein decreased, while decreasing the force could make
the electrical resistance increase a little but could not return to the original value,
indicating the protein deformation in this situation is not elastic.
However, when the force load exceeds a critical value limit (87 nN in this case), the
current suddenly jumps from –10 to 10 nA at a bias near zero and even withdraw the
force, the same behaviour remains. The I-V character in this situation is similar to the
I-V character after the breakdown of protein occuring at high bias and to direct
contact between conducting tip and substrate, suggesting that the extremely high force
could completely deconstruct the protein molecule, leading to direct contact between
conducting tip and substrate.
So far, no criteria are available to elucidate the mechanical strength of protein. In this
work, a dynamic evolution of protein resistance associated with the protein structure
- 54 -
was monitored in a wide range of force load. The extrame force that leads to
completely deconstruct protein can be seen as the breakdown force.
The Critical force from different cases is ranging from 60~100nN. The stress to make
the protein decompose is about 1010 Pa, indicating protein is a promising bioelectrical
material, which could stand higher stress.
- 55 -
Introduction of Surface Metrology Group, University of Huddersfield
Xiangqian Jiang, Dejiao Lin, Wenhan Zeng, Tukun Li
Group of Surface Metrology, Centre for Precision Technologies, University of
Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
d.lin@hud.ac.uk
The Surface Metrology Group (SMG), formally the Centre for Metrology at the
University of Birmingham, is now at the Centre for Precision Technologies (CPT) in
the University of Huddersfield. The group has a well-established track record of
innovation and an international reputation in surface metrology.
The main areas of research are surface measurement and nano-metrology, surface
instruments and surface characterisation. Current research projects include: Surface
measurement and nanometrology; mathematical methodology, numerical algorithms,
draft ISO standards and integrated knowledge databases for surface metrology; optical
on-line surface measurement, etc. The majority of the research has been derived from
programs funded by the EC, EPSRC, DTI and industry.
The group has a modern nano-metrology laboratory, advanced stylus instruments,
optical interference microscopes and atomic force microscopes used for characterising
micro and nano scale surface topography; precision co-ordinate measurement
machines, two Nanoform 250 diamond turning machines and a novell CNC ultra
precision surface polishing machine.
The group has three academic staff, one technician, seven research staff and three
PhD research students. The group has formed a very close relationship with leading
companies in the area, in particular Taylor Hobson Ltd.
- 56 -
Investigation of Ca-P layer formation on chemically treated NiTi
Minfang Chen
School of Materials Science and Engineering
Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300191, China
Wolfson Centre for materials processing, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex,
London, UB8 3PH, UK
mfchentj@126.com
The unique properties of the NiTi alloy have made it a widely used biomaterial with
potential fascinating applications in many fields of surgery. However, much concern
exists about it’s long-term biological safety, so surface modification of NiTi alloy has
been studied to improve its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. In this paper，a
novel chemical way to prepare Ca-P layers on NiTi has many advantages.
NiTi samples were treated with the 60℃, 7.2MHNO3 solution for 24hours and 104 ,
1.2MNaOH solution for 5 hours, then put into 40℃, saturated Na2HPO4 and 25℃,
saturated Ca(OH)2 solutions in turn for pre-calcification. Then the osteoconductive
Ca-P layers were prepared by immersing the treated samples into the SBF solution at
37℃ for 9h, 12h, 14h, 17h, 20h, 24h and 72h, using the same composition and initial
pH of the SBF solution in a previous study.
An osteoconductive Ca-P layer consisting mainly of HA can be prepared by a simple
chemical method in a very short time. The SEM and XRD results showed that
Ca2P2O7·4H2O is preferentialer to form in the initial period of calcification.
Hydroxyapatite(HA) was detected in the coating after calcification for 24hrs and
became the main component after 3 days with a high degree of crystallinity, as
confirmed by EDX spectra. The most possible induction of Ca-P layer deposition is
due to the TiO2·OH-, which originated from exchanging of Na+ during alkali
treatment with H+ in the conditioning solution. The EDX spectra showed the
thickness of the compact layer after 3 days to be about 10μm. In addition, this study
revealed the importance of conditioning treatment, i.e., the deposition time was
shortened and the nuclei were formed.
- 57 -
PEGylation of pH responsive poly (L-lysine iso-phthalamide)
Z. Yue, M. E. Eccleston and N. K. H. Slater*
Department of Chemical Engineering Department, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
zy208@cam.ac.uk
Research and development of polymeric drug delivery systems have attracted
worldwide attention for the recent decades.
pH-responsive polymers capable of
destabilizing membrane at endosomal pH show particular promise in intracellular
delivery of sensitive payload molecules. Their membrane disruption effect has been
demonstrated to rely on pH-triggered conformational change. In this study, we took a
further step towards potential application by PEGylation of a pH-responsive,
metabolite–derived poly (L-lysine iso-phthalamide), proposed as a smart delivery
system, to impart biotolerance and bioavailability. Two different PEG side chains,
methoxypoly(oxyethylene) amine (Mn = 4394 g/mol) and
Jaffamine M-1000 (
propylene oxide/ethylene oxide = 3/19, Mn = 1000 g/mol), were incorporated onto
polymer backbone via amide linkage respectively, and the solution properties of
PEGylated polymers were investigated in terms of PEGylation - pH–response
relationship. Both sets of conjugates can be divided into two general categories, one
that retains the pH–dependant conformational change of parent polymer from an
expanded structure at high degrees of ionization to a compact one at low degrees of
ionization, and the other that forms micellar assemblies in aqueous solution,
depending on the degree of PEGylation. It was demonstrated that PEGylation affects
significantly the onset of pH response and the pH range over which the
conformational transition take place of resultant polymers. Appropriate levels of
PEGylation resulted in pronounced increase in the onset of pH response, indicating
that PEGylation can also be used to engineer hydrophobic association of pH-stimuli
polymers.
Both linear and micellar forms of the pseudopeptides have novel
applications in drug delivery.
- 58 -
The Study on Rehology-Structural Relation of Ultra-high Molecular weight
Polyethylene / montmorillonite Nanocomposite
Qizhao Wang1,2 2Xianling Liao Zonglin Liu1
1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangdong University, 579
Qianwangang Road, Qingdao Economic and Technological Zone, Shandong
Province, 266510, P. R. China
2
Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
Shangdong University of Science and Technology
qzhwang@sohu.com
Ultra-high Molecular weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a Linear Polyethylene with
a viscosity average molecular weight（ M v ） larger than 1,500,000. Because of the
big molecular weight, there are a great deal of entanglement junctions among chains.
Therefore, the melt of UHMWPE is still a elastomer above melting temperature. The
Melt Flow Rate (MFR) of UHMWPE is too low to be examined with the normal
regulations, and the study on the rheology of UHMWPE is very rare.
The research work in polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites has exploded over last
few years. A great number of these nanocomposites have been prepared and
characterized. But the rheology of nanocomposites have not been investigated deeply.
As show in a few research results, the flowing capacity of the nanocomposite melt is
lower than polymer matrix. Some researchers supposed that the silicate layer and
polymer are connected with the chemical bond (generally is an ion bond), forming
supermolecular structure, even becoming tridimensional molecular structure, and this
will reduce the melt flowing capacity of nanocomposites.
In this paper, Metacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium cloride (DMC) was
intercalated into micron-scale montmorillonite (MMT) to prepare organic MMT
(DMC-MMT). Then DMC-MMT, BPO and UHMWPE were blent and the mixture
was
extruded
in
twin-screws
extruder.
The
UHMWPE/
montmorillonite
nanocomposite was obtained. This nanocomposite has a good flowing capacity (MFR
- 59 -
15~20g/10min). This result is extremely different from other researchers’s results and
can’t be explained in aforementioned proposal or general understanding of
nanocomposite structure.
Analysis of X-ray diffraction and Transsmision electronic mirror denoted that the
nanoscale exfoliated montmorillonite layers were dispersed in UHMWPE. The
relation between montmorillonite content of nanocomposite and flowing capacity of
nanocomposite was studied. There is a critical value of . montmorillonite content, and
the flowing capacity does not increase above this critical value.
It was supposed that how the exfoliated layers of montmorillonite untie entangled
chains in UHMWPE melt and enhance the flowing capacity of nanocomposite. The
size of MMT layers is similar to large side substituents in some kinds of polymer,
such small layers may combine with macromolecules strongly according to the
surface effect of nanoscale particle. Because of the huge surface area or enormous
number of the layers, the astriction of montmorillonite layers to chains is not only
end-tethered. There were a great number of side-tethered chains in which the small
layers attached on the main chain like side substituents. However, either end-tethered
chains or side-tethered chains may reduce the entanglement junctions density of
UHMWPE, id est increase the distance of entanglement points, so that the flowing
capacity of nanocomposite is enhanced.
- 60 -
The List of Participants
- 61 -
Sure
Name
First Name
Title
Position
Organization
University of the West
of England
Cai
Zhuo
Mr
Chen
Minfang
Dr
PhD
Visiting
scholar
Chen
Jianshe
Dr.
Lecturer
University of Leeds
Chen
Tao
Mr
PhD
University of Leeds
Chen
Yongqi
Dr
Post-doc
University of Leeds
Cheng
Wei
Mr
Student
University of Glasgow
Dai
Yunfeng
Mr
student
University of Leeds
Ding
Yulong
Dr.
Lecturer
University of Leeds
Fan
Qiang
Dr
Post-doc
University of Sheffield
Fang
Jianmin
Dr
Scientist
University of Wales
Fisher
John
Dr
Prof
University of Leeds
Fu
Dong
Gan
Mingle
Dr
MSC
Research
Fellow
Gao
Jun
Mr
Student
Guo
Zhichao
Mr
PhD
He
Yufeng
Dr
Hou
Ruozhou
Dr
Hu
Xinming
Dr
Post-doc
Research
Fellow
Research
Assistant
Brunel University
University College
London
University of Leeds
University of Leeds
University of College
London
University of Bath
University of Leeds,
IPSE
University of Leeds
- 62 -
Address
Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West
of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane,
Bristol
Uxbridge, Middlesex, London, UK
Procter Department of Food Science, University of
Leeds, Leeds
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, Leeds
Institute of Particle Science & Engineering,
University of Leeds, Leeds
Research Centre,.Dept. of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering, Rankine Building, 79-85 Oakfield
Avenue, Glasgow
Institute of Particle science and Engineering Leeds
University Leeds
Institute of Particle Science and Engineering,
University of Leeds. Leeds
Department of Materials, Queen Mary, University of
London, Mile End Road, London
The BioComposites Centre University of Wales,
Bangor Gwynedd
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, Leeds, UK
Department of Chemical Engineering，University
College London， Torrington Place, London
School of Processing, Environmental and Materials
Engineering, University of Leeds
Department of Chemical Engineering, Houldsworth
Building, University of Leeds, Clarendon Road,
Leeds, West Yorkshire
Ifor Evans Hall, 109 Camden Road, London
5, WALCOT HOUSE, SNOW HILL, BATH
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, LEEDS
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, Leeds
Post
Code
BS16
1QY
UB8
3PH
LS2
9JT
LS2
9JT
LS2
9JT
G12
8LT
LS2
9JT
LS2
9JT
E1 4NS
LL57
2UW
LS2
9JT
WC1E
7JE
LS2
9JT
LS2
9JT
NW1
9HZ
BA1
6DD
LS2
9JT
LS2
9JT
Tel
Fax
E-mail
0117 328 2680
01895-274000
ext.3035
Zhuo.Cai@uwe.ac.uk
01895-203376
mfchentj@126.com
0113-3432748
0113-3432982
j.chen@food.leeds.ac.uk
078-38166555
mentc@leeds.ac.uk
0113 2332407
y.chen@leeds.ac.uk
0141 330 6014
0141 330 4907
weicheng@elec.gla.ac.uk
0113 343 2358
preyfd@hotmail.com
0113-3432747
y.ding@leeds.ac.uk
078-76687437
fanqianguk@hotmail.com
01248 370 588
01248 370 594
bcs013@bangor.ac.uk
113 343 2128
113 242 4611
j.fisher@leeds.ac.uk
079-60700398
0113 343 2350
Fu
0113 343 2781
m.gan@leeds.ac.uk
0113 3432447
chejg@leeds.ac.uk
077-75792479
zhichao.guo@ucl.ac.uk
077-17725333
Y.HE@BATH.AC.UK
0113 3432543
0113 34 32198
0113 3432781
r.hou@leeds.ac.uk
X.Hu@leeds.ac.uk
Sure
Name
Position
Organization
Title
Huang
Haitao
Dr
Research
Fellow
University of Leeds
Huo
Ran
Miss
PhD
University of Leeds
Ji
Yingchun
Mr
PhD
De Moutfort University
16 Carlton Gardens Leeds
Iesd, Dmu, 105 Queens Building, The Gateway,
Leicester, UK
Ji
Wenming
Mr
University of Oxford
South Parks Road, Oxford
Jia
Xiaodong
Dr
Post-doc
Senior
Research
fellow
University of Leeds,
SPEME
LS2
9JT
0113-3432346
0113-3432781
X.Jia@leeds.ac.uk
Jiang
Xiangqian
Prof
Prof.
HD1
3DH
01484 473634
01484 472161
x.jiang@hud.ac.uk
Jin
Haibo
Dr
University of
Huddersfield
Beijing Institute of
Petrochemical
Technology
Houldsworth Building, Clarendon Road, University of
Leeds
Group of Surface Metrology, Centre for Precision
Technologies, University of Huddersfield,
Queensgate, Huddersfield
Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Daxing,
Beijing
102617
0086-1081292074
0086-1069241846
jinhaibo@bipt.edu.cn
University of Leeds
Institute of Particle Science and Engineering,
University of Leeds. Leeds
LS2
9JT
CF10
3XF
0113-3432439
0113-3432405
x.lai@leeds.ac.uk
029-2087 7226
029-2087 4149
Lih8@cf.ac.uk
Lai
Xiaojun
Dr.
Senior
Research
Fellow
Li
Hao-Ying
Dr
Post-doc
Li
Hua
Mr
PhD
Cardiff University
Institute of Mechanics,
Chinese Academy of
Sciences
Li
Zhaohui
Ms
PhD
Oxford University
Li
Yang
Mr
Ph.D
Univ of Manchester
Li
Peixun
Dr
University of Oxford
University of
Cambridge
University of
Cambridge
Li
Qingwen
Dr
Li
Haitao
Dr
Research
associate
Research
Associate
Li
Tukun
Mr
PhD
University of
Huddersfield
Li
Xiaogan
Mr
PhD
University of Leeds
Li
Peiyi
Dr
Research
associate
University of Newcastle
- 63 -
Address
Post
Code
LS2
9JT
LS7
1HG
LE1
9BH
OX1
3QR
First Name
Department of Chemical engineering , University of
Leeds
Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University
Beisihuanxilu 15, Institute of Mechanics, Beijing,
China
Engineering Science Department, Thom Building,
Parks Road, Oxford
3 Skerry Close, Manchester
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy,
Pembroke Street, Cambridge
Department of Chemistry, Lensfield road, Cambridge
Group of Surface Metrology, Centre for Precision
Technologies, University of Huddersfield,
Queensgate, Huddersfield
Institute for Materials Research, Leeds University
School of Natural Sciences(Chemisty), Bedson
Building, Unoiversity of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon
Tyne
100080
OX1
3PJ
M13
9UD
OX1
3QZ
CB2
3QZ
CB5
8PA
HD1
3DH
LS2
9JT
NE1
7RU
Tel
Fax
E-mail
0113 343 2351
h.huang@leeds.ac.uk
079-01707768
huoran7903@hotmail.com
0116-2078710
0116-2577981
01865-275976
yingchun@dmu.ac.uk
wenming.ji@chem.ox.ac.uk
01062537634-4
lih@tsinghua.org.cn
01865 273925
zhaohui.li@eng.ox.ac.uk
078-99992642
liyangnano@yahoo.com
01865 275455
01865 275410
peixun.li@chem.ox.ac.uk
01223-334335
ql209@cam.ac.uk
01223- 330107
lh286@cam.ac.uk
01484 473913
01484 472161
t.li@hud.ac.uk
0113-3435352
prexl@leeds.ac.uk
0191 222 7053
PEIYI.LI@NCL.AC.UK
Sure
Name
Li
Li
First Name
Title
Jie
Dr
Weibin
Dr
Position
Organisation
University of Oxford
Research
Fellow
Research
Fellow
University of Oxford
University of
Southampton
Address
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of
Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford
Inorganic chemistry Lab, University of Oxford,
oxford
Li
Xiaohong
Dr
Li
Jun
Mr
Liang
Taining
Dr
Student
Research
Fellow
Lin
Dejiao
Dr
Research
Fellow
University of
Huddersfield
Lin
Wen-Feng
Dr
Research
Fellow
University of Newcastle
upon Tyne
Liu
Renchen
Mr
Oxford University
Liu
Hao
Dr
D.Phil
Senior
Research
Fellow
school of physics and astronomy , Leeds University
Group of Surface Metrology, Centre for Precision
Technologies, University of Huddersfield,
Queensgate, Huddersfield
School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced
Materials, The University of Newcastle upon Tyne,
Newcastle upon Tyne
Room 370, Hertford College Graduate Centre, Folly
Bridge, Oxford
University of Leeds
Energy Resources Research Institute, University of
Leeds, Leeds
Liu
Zehua
Dr
University of Oxford
Liu
Yi
Dr
Post-doc
Research
Fellow
Liu
Fang
Ms
Lu
Junren
Mr
Luo
Xiangyang
Dr
Ma
Yixin
Dr
Pan
Shangling
Dr
Shang
Hui
Ms
Student
Research
Fellow
University of
Nottingham
University of Leeds
University of Oxford
Inorganic Chemistry Lab, South Parks Road, Oxford
Department of Engineering Science, Oxford
University
Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynocology,
The Women’s centre, Jone Radcliffe Hospital,
headington, Oxford
University of Oxford
25…Nicholas…Avenue, Marston, Oxford
Oxford University
315 Marston Rd, Marston, Oxford
Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden Hospital,
Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey
University of Oxford
Royal Marsden Hospital
Newcastle Upon Tyne
Student
School of Chemistry, University of Southampton
School of Chemical Environment & Mining
Engineering, University of Nottingham , University
Park, Nottingham
University of
Nottingham
- 64 -
123 Beaconsfield Street, Fenham, Newcastle Upon
Tyne
School of Chemical Environment & Mining
Engineering, University of Nottingham , University
Park, Nottingham
Post
Code
OX1
3QR
OX1
3QR
SO17
1BJ
Tel
Fax
01865-272660
01865-272660
+44 023 8059
3513
E-mail
Jie.li@chemistry..oxford.ac.uk
weibin.li@chem.ox.ac.uk
+44 023 8059
3781
xl2@soton.ac.uk
NG7
2JY
LS2
9JT
0113 3436648
HD1
3DH
01484 473949
01484 472161
d.lin@hud.ac.uk
0191 222 6786
0191 222 5472
wenfeng.lin@ncl.ac.uk
NE1
7RU
OX1
4LA
LS2
9JT
OX1
3QR
OX3
0EP
enxjl1@nottingham.ac.uk
t.liang@leeds.ac.uk
087-02760137
renchen.liu@hertford.ox.ac.uk
0113 3432513
0113 2467310
fue5hl@leeds.ac.uk
01865 272624
01865 272690
zehua.liu@chem.ox.ac.uk
018-65274743
yi.liu@eng.ox.uk
01865-221015
liufanggg@yahoo.com.cn
01865_283302
Junren.lu@hertford.ox.ac.uk
01865-225850
luoxy33@hotmail.com
y.ma@aquanwood.com
NE4
5JP
077-53686170
0191256332523465
NG7
2JY
079-09747239
enxhs1@Nottingham.ac.uk
OX3
9DU
OX3
0RN
OX3
0EP
SM2
5PT
shanglingpan@hotmail.com
Sure
Name
First Name
Title
Position
Organisation
Shao
Nan
Miss
PhD
University College
London
Shen
Muzhong
Dr
Research
Associate
Newcastle University
Song
Wenhui
Dr
Lecturer
Su
Qian
Miss
PhD
Sun
Dongyang
Mr
PhD
Sun
Xiuyan
Mr
PhD
Wang
Yinhua
Dr
Wang
Qingzhao
Prof
Brunel University
Queen Mary, Univ. of
London
Queen Mary, University
of London
University College
London
12# Heath Court, 10-12 Frognal, London
School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced
Materials, University of Newcastle upon Tyne,
Newcastle Upon tyne, UK
Wolfson Centre for Materials Processing, Brunel
University, Uxbridge, Middlesex
Dept. of Engineering, Queen Mary, Univ. of London,
Mile End Road, London
Materials Department , Queen Mary, University of
London
Department of Chemcial Engineering, University
College London,
Torrington Place, London
Oxford University
Shandong University of
Science and Technology
Parks Road, Oxford
579 Qianwangang Road, Qingdao Economic and
Technological Zone, Shandong Province, P. R. China
Oxford University
34 Burchester Avenue, Headington, Oxford
P.O.Box Forest Hall No.2, Whitley Road,
Longbenton, Newcastle Upon Tyne
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, Leeds
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, Leeds
Wang
Jianhua
Mr.
Wang
Jun
Dr
Software
Engineer
Research/
Scientist
Wang
Chun
Ms
PhD
Univeristy of Leeds
Wang
Zhi
Mr
Wang
Weifu
Dr
PhD
Visiting
scholar
Univeristy of Leeds
University College
London
Wang
Mi
Dr.
Lecturer
University of Leeds
Research
Officer
Wang
Jingjing
Mr
Wang
Nan
Dr
Wen
Dongsheng
Dr.
Williams
Richard
Dr
Wong
Steve
Dr
Address
Procter & Gamble
University of Leeds
NE1
7RU
UB8
3PH
0191-2225207
01895 27400
ext 7164
E1 4NS
0207882 5421
q.su@qmul.ac.uk
E1 4PE
WC1E
7JE
OX1
3PJ
020-78825567
ez02048@qmul.ac.uk
020-76793037
x.sun@ucl.ac.uk
44 Rupert Gardens, London
Institute of Particle Science and Engineering,
University of Leeds. Leeds
DEPT. OF PHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS
LS2
9JT
OX1
3QR
LS2
9JT
LS2
9JT
LS2
9JT
University of Oxford
Prof.
Senior
Research
Fellow
University of Leeds
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of
Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford
Institute of Particle Science and Engineering,
University of Leeds. Leeds
Institute of Particle Science and Engineering,
University of Leeds. Leeds
IRC in Polymer Science
& Technology
Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds
- 65 -
0778-2381876
266510
OX3
9NB
NE12
9TS
LS2
9JT
LS2
9JT
SW9
7TN
LS2
9JT
Post-doc
Research
Fellow
University of Leeds
Post
Code
NW3
6AH
Tel
01865-273924
+86 532
6057865
Fax
n.shao@ucl.ac.uk
0191-2225292
mu-zhong.shen@ncl.ac.uk
01895 203376
wenhui.song@brunel.ac.uk
01865 273010
+86 532
6057101
0776-1398708
0191-2281834
E-mail
yinhua.wan@eng.ox.ac.uk
qzhwang@sohu.com
jhwang2000@hotmail.com
0191-2281349
wang_jun100@yahoo.co.uk
0113 34 37218
mencwan@leeds.ac.uk
0113 34 37218
menzw@leeds.ac.uk
079-56985212
wwfchl2003@yahoo.com.cn
0113-3432435
m.wang@leeds.ac.uk
0113-3437090
0113-3433900
01865-75912
phyjjw@phynov.leeds.
ac.uk
nan.wnag@chem.ox.a
c.uk
0113-3432358
0113-3432405
d.wen@leeds.ac.uk
0113-3432801
0113-3432781
r.a.williams@leeds.ac.uk
0113 3433907
0113 2470676
s.s.f.wong@chem.leeds.ac.uk
Sure
Name
Wu
First Name
Title
Haichen
Mr
Position
Organization
Address
Cambridge University
St John's College Cambridge
University of Sussex
Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
School of Processing, Environmental and Materials
Engineering, University of Leeds
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road,
Oxford
Group of Surface Metrology, Centre for Precision
Technologies, University of Huddersfield,
Queensgate, Huddersfield
NCRL, School of Natural Sciences, University of
Newcastle upon Tyne
Department of Materials , Hume Rothery Building ,
University of Oxford , Oxford
Xiang
Jiansheng
Mr
Xiao
Tiancun
Dr
Research
Fellow
Research
Fellow
Senior
Research
Xiao
Shaojun
Dr
Research
Fellow
Xiao
Bo
Mr
PhD
Xie
Zhibin
Mr
Student
Xu
Gang
Mr
PhD
University of Oxford
University College
London
Xu
Baohua
Dr.
Yan
Haixue
Dr
Lecturer
Research
Assistant
University of Leeds
Queen Mary University
of London
Yan
Yu
Mr
PhD
University of Leeds
Mile End Road, London
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, Leeds
Yang
Jianbo
ChaneYuan
Dr
Consultant
ABB Ltd
ABB Ltd, Daresbury Park, Daresbury, Warrington
University of Leeds
Welsh School of
Pharmacy
University of
Cambridge
Wu
Yang
Guohua
Dr
Mr
University of Leeds
University of Oxford
University of
Huddersfield
University of Newcastle
upon Tyne
Yee
Sook Wah
Miss
Ying
Liming
Dr
PhD
Research
Fellow
York
David
Dr.
Manager
Procter & Gamble
Yue
Zhilian
Dr
Post-doc
Cambridge University
Zeng
Wenhan
Mr
Zhang
Shengfu
Dr
PhD
Senior
Engineer
University of
Huddersfield
Imperial College
- 66 -
12# Heath Court, 10-12 Frognal, London
Institute of Particle Science and Engineering,
University of Leeds. Leeds
Post
Code
CB2
1TP
BN1
9QJ
LS2
9JT
OX1
3QR
HD1
3DH
NE1
7RU
OX1
3PH
NW3
6AH
LS2
9JT
E1
4NS
LS2
9JT
WA4
4BT
Tel
Fax
E-mail
012-23763150
012-23336362
012-73678332
+44 (0) 113
343 2357
+44 (0) 113
343 2405
j.xiang@leeds.ac.uk
01865-272660
01865-272690
xiao.tiancun@chem.ox.ac.uk
01484 473635
01484 472161
s.xiao@hud.ac.uk
hw244@cam.ac.uk
gw23@Sussex.ac.uk
019-12227085
bo.xiao@ncl.ac.uk
018-65273699
Zhibin.xie@materials.ox.ac.uk
079-79003351
ucecgxu@ucl.ac.uk
0113-3432423
0113-3432405
b.h.xu@leeds.ac.uk
020-78825568
h.x.yan@qmul.ac.uk
0113 34 32179
menyya@leeds.ac.uk
01925 741361
01925 741265
jianbo.yang@gb.abb.com
checy@leeds.ac.uk
Welsh School of Pharmacy, Redwood Building, King
Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff
Lensfield Road, Cambridge
P.O.Box Forest Hall No.2, Whitley Road,
Longbenton, Newcastle Upon Tyne
New Museum Sites, Pembroke street, Department of
Chem. Eng., University of Cambridge
Group of Surface Metrology, Centre for Precision
Technologies, University of Huddersfield,
Queensgate, Huddersfield
Dept of Chem. Engineering, Imperial College,
London
CF10
3XF
CB2
1EW
NE12
9TS
CB2
3RA
HD1
3DH
SW7
2AZ
078-43663768
01223 330107
yeesw@cardiff.ac.uk
01223 336362
01223 331896
ly206@cam.ac.uk
zy208@cam.ac.uk
01484 473913
01484 472161
z.wenhan@hud.ac.uk
020 7594 9602
020 7594 9603
s.zhang@ic.ac.uk
Sure
Name
First Name
Title
Position
Organisation
Zhang
Hu
Mr
Post-doc
University College
London
Zhang
Lingling
Ms
University of Leeds
Zhang
Xiaoyu
Dr
Ph.D
Academic
Visitor
Zhao
Zhiqiang
Mr
Ph.D
Oxford University
Zhao
Xuebo
Mr.
Zhao
Xin
PhD
Research
staff
Zhou
Honggang
Zhou
Wuzhong
Zhu
Fuyun
University of Oxford
University of Newcastle
upon Tyne
University of Oxford
Mr.
PhD
University College
London
Mr
Reader
Visiting
scholar
St Andrew’s University
University of Newcastle
upon Tyne
- 67 -
Address
Department of Biochemical Engineering, University
College London, Torrington Place, London
Institute of Particle Science and Engineering,
University of Leeds, Leeds
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road,
Oxford
The Queen’s College, The High Street, Oxford
Department of Chemistry, Bedson Building,
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle-uponTyne
South Parks Road, Oxford
Darwin Building, Departement fo Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University College London,
Gower Street, London
Purdie Building, Department Of Chemistry,
University Of St Andrews
1.50 .Bedson Building, University of Newcastle upon
Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne
Post
Code
WC1E
7JE
LS2
9JT
OX1
3QR
OX1
4AW
NE1
7RU
OX1
3QU
WC1E
6BT
KY16
9ST
NE1
7RU
Tel
Fax
E-mail
01865 272690
huzhangucl2003@yahoo.com
L.Zhang3@postgrad.umist.ac.uk
xiaoyu.zhang@chemistry.oxfor
d.ac.uk
078-81793731
01865 282603
01865-273923
zhiqiang.zhao@queens.ox.ac.uk
0191 2227085
XUEBO.ZHAO@NCL.AC.UK
01865 275787
01865 275234
020-76792211
01334 467276
0191-2227056
xin.zhao@bioch.ox.ac.uk
z800322@hotmail.com
01334 463808
wzhou@st-and.ac.uk
Fuyun.Zhu@ncl.ac.uk