LS.5 - CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS & THE SIX KINGDOMS
Study Guide
Classification: process of grouping things based on their similarities
Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that organisms are easier to study.
Taxonomy: the study of how living things are classified
Binomial Nomenclature: the system of naming organisms where each one gets a two-part name
Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together.
Each organism is classified into seven levels based on their characteristics and evolutionary history.
Seven Levels of Classification
Domain :
Level 1 (largest): Kingdom
Level 2: Phylum
Level 3: Class
Level 4: Order
Level 5: Family
Level 6: Genus
Level 7 (smallest): Species
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Grape
Soda
(Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya)
(Archeabacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals)
Classification Table: a table that shows how different organisms compare to each other based on their classification
Taxonomic Key: a series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms – used to classify
organisms based on their physical characteristics
Our modern system of classification includes six kingdoms:
1 – Archaebacteria
2 – Eubacteria
3 – Protists
4 – Fungi
5 – Plants
6 – Animals
Domain: Archaea
Domain: Bacteria
Domain: Eukarya
Domain: Eukarya
Domain: Eukarya
Domain: Eukarya
Review Vocabulary
autotroph: an animal that can make its own food using the sun’s energy
heterotroph: an animal that has to get its food by eating other organisms
unicellular: an organism that is made up of only once cell
multicellular: an organism that is made up of more than one cell
prokaryote: an organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus (genetic material stored in the cytoplasm)
eukaryote: an organism whose cells do contain a nucleus
photosynthesis: the process which uses energy from captured sunlight make food
Essential Vocabulary for Understanding the Six Kingdoms
sexual reproduction: reproduction involving 2 parents (the offspring are not genetically identical to the parents)
asexual reproduction: reproduction involving 1 parent (the offspring are genetically identical to the parents)
binary fission: one cell divides to form 2 identical cells
decomposers: organisms that break down organic material which returns nutrients to the Earth
symbiosis: a close relationship between two species where at least one of the species
mutualism: a symbiotic relationship where both species benefit
parasitism: a symbiotic relationship where one organisms lives in or on another and harms it in some way
host: the animal a parasite lives in
pigments: chemicals that produce color
hyphae: threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of muliticellular fungi
spore: a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism
lichen: fungi and algae living together
vascular tissue: a system of tube-like structures in some plants that move water and food
seeds: structures that contain young plants inside a protective covering
gymnosperm: a plant that has tubes, seed-making parts in cones, but no flowers
angiosperm: a plant that has tubes, flowers, and fruits which produce seeds
vertebrate: an animal with a backbone
invertebrate: an animal without a backbone
radial symmetry: when animals that are circular and several lines of symmetry (like cutting a pizza or a pie)
bilateral symmetry: when animals can be split down the middle into two identical parts
exoskeleton: outer covering or skeleton
cold-blooded (ectothermic): an animal whose body temperature changes depending on the temperature of its surroundings
warm-blooded (endothermic): an animal whose body controls and regulates its body temperature
How many
cells?
What type
of cells?
Does it
make food
or gets
food from
others?
Where
does it
live?
Archaebacteria
unicellular
Eubacteria
unicellular
Protists
unicellular
OR
multicellular
Fungi
some are
unicellular BUT
most are
multicelluar
Plants
multicellular
Animals
multicellular
prokaryotic
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
eukaryotic
eukaryotic
eukaryotic
all are
heterotrophic
all are
autotrophic
all are
heterotrophic
in a moist
environment
(land or water)
in the water
and on the land
in the water and
on the land
some
asexually and
some sexually
asexually AND
sexually
(depending on
surrounding
conditions)
sexually
sexually
YES
NO
NO
YES
some are
autotrophic AND
some are
heterotrophic
some are
some are
autotrophic
autotrophic
AND some AND some are
are
heterotrophic
heterotrophic
everywhere
in the water
and on the
land
severe/extreme
environments
(sewage,
intestines)
How does asexual through
asexual
it
binary fission
through
reproduce (one parent) and binary fission
(asexually
sexual (two
(one parent)
or sexually)
parents)
and sexual
(two parents)
Can it
YES
YES
move?
What are
its major
groups?
1) animallike
(protozoans)
2) plantlike
(algae)
3) funguslike
1) threadlike
2) sac fungi
3) club fungi
4) imperfect
fungi
1) mosses
2) ferns
3) conifers
4) flowering
plants
1) cnidarians
2) mollusks
3) annelids
4) arthropods
5) echinoderms
6) chordates