LANDMARKS OF WORLD HISTORY
A Chronology of Remarkable Natural Phenomena
The Middle Ages, 1001-1500
G=Geological phenomenon M=Meteorological A=Astronomical
G
A
G
A
G
A
M
M
A
A
A
M
A
A?
M
G
A
G
M
G
G
G
M
M
G
G
M
M
A
G
A
G
M
A
G
A
G
M
G
M
G
G
G
G
G
M
G
M
M
G
M
M
M?
M
M
A
A
M
A
M
M
M
YEAR
1001
1002
1004
1006
1007
1009
1009
1011
1011
1013
1013
1014
1018
1020
1021
1021
1029
1034
1035
1037
1038
1043 (c)
1046
1048
1048
1049
1053
1054
1054
1057
1058
1058
1063
1064
1064
1066
1067
1067
1068
1076
1081
1082
1083
1086
1089
1090
1091
1091
1091
1092
1092
1092
1093
1094
1095
1095
1096
1097
1097
1097
1098
1099
MONTH
DAY
September
14
May
6
April
29
March
May
September
August
July/August
16
15
28
4
May
August
21
June
December
January
21
18
9
February
January
May
December
April
July
1
21
24
5
April
September
March
August
December
March
November
December
December
October
23
23
11
6
18
August
November
September
September
October
June
11
April
10
January
April
August
September
October
November
September
November
3
4
6
29
4
21
27
11
25
6
18
17
29
21
26
LOCATION
Switzerland
Morocco
Campania, Italy
China, Arabia
'Deinar in Irak'
India
Germany
Europe, Egypt
Lorraine
Morocco
Germany
England
China
North Africa
Ireland
South Germany
Cairo, Egypt
Palestine
England
Buccellariis
Shensi, China
Palestine
England
England
England
England
England
Rossdalla, Ireland
China
Chihli, China
Italy
Mesopotamia
Europe
China
Asia Minor
China, Europe
England
Northumbria
Palestine
Europe
England
Constantinople
Central France?
Sicily
England
London
Antioch
Europe?
London
Hungary
England
Britain
Paris
Ireland
Ireland
England
Europe?
England
England, China
Edessa
Antioch, England
England
PHENOMENON
Earthquake
Meteor
Earthquake
Supernova
Earthquake
Meteorite
Obscuration
Cold
Meteor
Meteor
Tornado?
Sea flood
Comet
Meteorites?
Fall
Earthquake
Meteors
Earthquake
Summer cold
Earthquake
Earthquake
Earthquake
Cold
Snow
Earthquake
Earthquake
Gale
Tornado
Supernova
Earthquake
Lunar event?
Earthquake
Blizzard
Meteorite?
Earthquake
Halley's Comet
Earthquake
Tornado?
Earthquake
Cold
Earthquake
Earthquake
Earthquake
Earthquake
Earthquake
Flood
Earthquake
Obscuration
Tornado
Earthquakes
Severe winter
Sea floods
Fall
Heat
Snow
Meteor shower
Lunar event?
Aurora?
Comet
Aurora
Aurora
Sea flood
DESCRIPTION
With 'igneous meteors'
Bright as Moon
Many buildings fell. Year may be 1005
'Like half Moon', in Centaurus; vis. 2 years
10,000 buried. Snow in Baghdad
'Iron-fall' at Djorjam. Weight 2,000 lbs.
'Coloured cloud' hid Sun for 2 days
Severe winter. Ice on the Nile
Burning torch like tower. Great noise
Brighter than Moon, with tail
Tempest destroyed buildings, Quedlinburg
'Countless numbers' drowned
Tail 30 cubits long
Many stones fell, several k. Hailstones?
Shower of wheat at Osraighe
Swiss well-water turned blood-colour. 1020?
'Many stars passed'. Great noise
Walls of Jerusalem fell. Villages engulfed
Frost, Midsummer Day. Crops killed
5 villages engulfed
Over 20,000 k.
Tebris, Tadhmor & Baalbeck; 40,000 k.
Severe winter. Snow & tempests
Lay until March 17
Throughout England
Worcester, Derby, etc.
Churches & houses fell
'Tower of fire' surrounded by 'birds'
Crab Nebula supernova max. brightness
25,000 k.
Bright light in new Moon. Year may be 1086
Great damage, many k.
Wind & snow for 4 days. Cattle & birds k.
Fireball burned fences at Ch'ang-chou
Thrace, Nicaea, etc.
Perihelion, 15 cubits long
Terrified whole country
Revolving 'sign' illuminated earth.
Ramla & Haila wrecked, 25,000 k.
Rhine frozen, 4½ months' frost France
All over England. Terrible noise
Many buildings fell. Year may be 1083
Church was burned. 'Volcanic fire'?
Many k in Syracuse
Throughout country
London Bridge destroyed. Banks flooded
70 towers fell from walls
Sun-darkening for 3 hours
600 houses wrecked. 2 k.
3 shocks in one day
Great rivers frozen
Many towns flooded. Scotland, England
'Glowing substance' found after shooting stars
'Year of the heat'. Many k.
Great snow . Multitudes k.
Many 'stars' fell all night
Bright light on Moon in lunar eclipse
Sign like 'burning cross'. Poss. comet
Stream of light in S.W.. Seen 15 days
Clear sky coloured red. Seen for month
Blaze of light girdled Pole
Great damage. Also Flanders
M
1104
June
G
1104
G
1105
A
1106
February
A
1106
February
M
1107
March
M
1108
M
1108
April
G
1109
A
1110
A
1110
June
M
1111
June
G
1112
January
A
1112
June
M
1113
March
A
1114
May
M
1114
October
G
1115
December
M
1116
December
G
1117
M
1117
December
G
1118
M
1118
December
G
1120
September
M
1121
May
M
1122
December
M
1125
August
G
1127
A
1128
December
M
1129
January
M
1129
A?
1130
October
M
1130
November
A
1131
M
1131
January
A
1133
August
G
1133
August
M
1134
October
G
1134
A
1135
M
1135
March
A
1135
July
M
1136
M
1137
M
1137
May
A
1138?
March
M
1138
October
G
1139
November
A
1139
M
1139
July
G
1140
M
1140
June
M
1140
May
M
1141
August
M
1141
December
A
1145
April
M
1146
December
M
1147
M
1149
December
G
1149-1150
mountain fell
M
1152
March
M
1153
January
A
1153
December
G
1154
February
G
1155
M
1156
May
M
1156
August
M
1156
October
G
1156
November
7
12
14
23
4
8
7
3
20
17
10
25 (c.)
21 (c)
16
20
28
7
10
8
8
11
2
4
1
7
21
15
8
7
19
22
12
23
22
3
22
26
29
15
30?
11
18
England
Halo complex
4 white circles round Sun at noon
Hekla, Iceland
Volcano
16 farms lost. Ash fell in Scandinavia
Malamocco Is.
Earthquake
Island engulfed by sea. Off Italy
Europe
Sun-darkening
Accompanied by meteors. Comet near Sun
Europe
Comet
Shining ray at sunset. Seen 40 days
Ireland
Snow
Fell a day & night. Many cattle k.
Syria
Aurora?
Light like Sun at night for 3 hours
Syria
Obscuration
Day 'darkness like dust'. Lasted 12 days
Antioch
Earthquake
Houses swallowed up
Armenia
Meteor?
'Burning object' fell in Lake Van
England
Comet
Visible 3 weeks
Liege, Belgium
Cloudburst
Flood washed away houses & people
Germany
Earthquake
Rothenburg on the Necker overthrown
Italy
Meteor?
'Very bright star' seen
Ireland
Ball lightning?
30 k. by 'ball of fire'
England
Comet
'Star' with long rays. Many nights
England
Dessication
Thames and Medway dry. Due to low tide
Middle East
Earthquake
Jerusalem,Antioch, etc. Great damage
Germany
Paraselene?
2nd moon rose in the W. as full Moon rose
Swabia
Subsidence
Earth boiled up, then collapsed
Chartres, France Aurora
N. sky like fire at night. With white beam
Alps
Earthquake
Many cities destroyed. Much loss of life
Europe
Aurora
'Fiery ranks' in night sky. Moved N. to E.
England
Earthquake
Houses wrecked. People buried
Syria
Aurora
'A full arc' appeared at night
England
Aurora?
Fire in N.E. sky at dawn until daylight
England
Flood
Many towns deluged. Men drowned
Tyre
Earthquake
Earth opened, many k. Year may be 1128
England
Sunspots
2 very large spots. 1st known drawing
Syria
Aurora
Fire in N.. & Mar., Apr.
Ireland
Heat
Torrid summer. Streams dried up
Bohemia
Meteor?
Flying 'serpent' at sunset. Seen many places
Syria
Aurora
Fiery 'mountain' in N. Later like pillars
China
Sunspot
'Plum' sized spot visible 4 days
England
Aurora
'Fire' in N. sky at night
Europe
Solar eclipse
England, Salzburg, Cambrai, Prague ,etc.
England
Earthquake
Buildings overthrown. Fire from earth
England, Holland Sea flood?
Sea rose & flooded coast, then retired
Armenia
Earthquake
Dogodoph ruined
Germany
Meteorite
Head-sized black stone fell at Oldisleben
Prague
Halo complex
4 circles round Sun. Many false suns
Syria
Bolide
'Torch' from W. to E., then explosion
Germany
Aurora?
Shining cross in sky
Britain
Parhelia
Three red suns
Ireland
Gale
Forests & churches fell
Asia Minor
Meteorites?
'Fiery coals' fell at Mosul
England
Aurora
Red sky in N. & coloured rays
Middle East
Earthquake
130,000 k. Strongest at Aleppo
Bavaria
Sunspot?
'Fissure' on Sun
Prague
Obscuration
Darkness lasted a week
Kalunikus
Subsidence
Earth opened & 40 horsemen swallowed up
Syria
Aurora
Red lances in N. Moved W.
England
Tornado
Whirlwind wrecked 40 houses, Wellesbourne
Syria
Aurora
Rays of fire in N. Bright on 2 Sept.
Korea
Aurora
Red vapour in N. at night. White rays
England, China
Halley's Comet
Perihelion. Seen 50 days
Ireland
Gale
Many woods destroyed
Denmark
Aurora
Red flames in N. 1147-50
England
Severe winter
Thames frozen
Baghdad
Earthquake
City shaken 10 times;
North Holland
Bologna, Italy
Cambrai
Burgundy
Antioch
Britain
England, France
London
Syria
Lunar halo
Parhelia
Meteor?
Earthquake
Earthquake
Solar halo
Floods
Lunar halo
Earthquake
Circle round Moon. Cross in circle
3 moons & cross, then 3 suns
'Great splendour', night, then thunder
Castle swallowed up. Deep pool left
Also Damascus, Tripoli. 2,000 k.
Broad blue circle at noon
Many buildings fell. Rain floods
Cross appeared in Moon. Several nights
40 shocks at Aleppo. 'Tremendous'
M
G
M
M
A
M
A
M
G
M
M
M
G
M
A
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
A
A
M
G
M
A
G
M
G
G
A
A
M
G
M
M
G
M
M
M
M
M
M
A
M
M?
M
M
G
M
M
A
M
G
M
G
M
M
M
G
M
M
M
M
M
1158
1158
1158
1158
1164
1164
1165
1165
1169
1170
1170
1170
1170
1171
1171
1173
1173
1174
1176
1176
1177
1177
1177
1177
1178
1178
1179
1179
1180
1180
1181
1183
1184
1185
1185
1185
1186
1187
1189
1190
1191
1193
1194
1194
1195
1196
1198
1198
1198
1199
1200 (c)
1200
1200
1201 (c)
1201
1201
1202
1203
1204
1204
1204
1205
1205
1205
1206
1207
1207
1209
1210
1210
August
28
May
September
August
August
February
31
20
4 or 5
March
March
June
December
December
February
May
November
March
April
June
July
November
December
January
June
August
2
29
24
25
10
17
4
19
3
19
22
29
1
8
18
1
April
25
August
6
February
17
April
May
June
October
May
May
15
1
30
14
4
January
June
November
June
July
November
24
24
20
December
June
June
October
24
25
19
April
1
January
June
July
December
January
14
23
29
4
27
February
11
January
London
Syria
Ireland
Ireland
Germany
England
England
England
Catania, Sicily
Ireland
England
English Channel
Europe & East
England, Ireland
Europe
Ireland, England
Wales
England
Korea
England, France
Isle of Wight
England
England
England
Lincolnshire
Kent, England
Europe
Ireland
England
W. Japan
China
Syria
Loch Ce, Ireland
Sicily
England
Europe
Mons, Belgium
England
Bohemia
Mainz, Germany
Ireland
England
England
England
England
Paris
England?
England
England
Scottish border
Wales
Friesland
York, England
Middle East
England
England
Middle East?
London
Mediterranean
England
Java
England
England
England
Hekla, Iceland
England
Germany
England
Perth, Scotland
England
Dessication
Earthquake
Aurora
Floods
Meteorite
Solar haloes
Two comets
Tornado?
Earthquake
Aurora?
Sea flood
Storm
Earthquake
Thunderstorm
'Stars'
Aurora
Tornado
Aurora
Aurora
Gale
Coloured rain
Thunderstorm
Aurora
Gale
Sea flood
Lunar meteor?
'Star'
Snow
Earthquake
Drought
Supernova
Earthquake
Thunderstorm
Earthquake
Earthquake
Solar eclipse
Meteorites
Coloured rain
Earthquake
Hail
Gale
Earthquake
Aurora
Halo complex
Gale
Flood
Fall
Thunderstorms
Comet
Floods
Anomaly
Sea flood
Anomaly
Earthquake
Heat & drought
Thunderstorm
Meteor shower
Lightning?
Earthquake
Aurora
Earthquake
Cold
Thunderstorms
Tornadoes
Volcano
Blizzard
Cold
Mirage?
Flood
Cold
Thames dried up. Also earthquake
Many cities ruined, 15,000 k.
'Great mount of fier'. Sparkled
Autumn rains & floods. 23 k., Subha
Large mass of iron fell at Meissen
3 circles round Sun. Then 2 suns
Before sunrise in S. & N.
Storm with 'black horse', Scarborough
15,000 k. Etna erupted
'Bow of burning fire'
Crops destroyed
Henry II's ship 'troubled', 400 drowned
Syria, Libya, Hungary, Germany, Switzerland
Lasted 2 days in Ireland
Two great & small fiery 'stars' in W.
Red light in N. at nigh with white rays
Whirlwind, thunder, hail. Trees felled
Red sky in N. at midnight
Red vapour in W. at night
Trees & houses felled
'Dew of blood' fell for 2 hours
Hail broke trees. Many 'suffocated'
Burning flames at night
Woods & houses felled in E'ly gale
Men & cattle drowned
'Torch' sprang from crescent Moon
'Star' near Sun, Venus near Moon
'The snow of destruction'
Throughout Midlands. Many houses fell
Most rivers dried up
In Cassiopeia. Bluish-red
Many towns ruined, 20,000 k.
Over 80 nobles k. by lightning & flood
Cosenza destroyed. Adriatic sea wave
Lincoln Cathedral rent
'Red hot coals' on Moon. Prominences?
Several stones fell. Some of 1 lb.
Blood-rain, Derbyshire
Many buildings fell, 18 months shocks
More than 100 villas devastated.
Buildings & forests fell. Many k.
Buildings & trees levelled
Red light in NW at night, with white rays
Circles round & through Sun,'rainbow'
Buildings & trees fell
Seine flood 'swept away' all
'Dew sweet as honey' fell, in Europe?
Lightning & hail destroyed villages
Seen 15 days
Bridges swept away
Large burnt 'human footprints' on grass
100,000 drowned
5 'moons' seen; one 'moon' circled others
Egypt, Syria. Iraq, &c. 1,100,000 lives lost
Harvest over on June 24; cont. July, Aug.
Violent rain caused floods. Contradicts prev.
'Stars' shot all night
'Birds' with fire in beaks set houses afire
East ,Sicily ,Asia Minor. Tyre walls fell
Red light in sky at night
'Bali separated from Java'
Cold winter,Thames froze. Frost to Mar. 22
'Monster stricken by lightning' at Maidstone
Trees carried away or 'twisted like rope'
Eruption to spring 1207
Many houses fell. Deep snowdrifts
Most travellers froze to death on the roads
'Battle of the clouds' at sunrise
Scots nobles drowned. Many lives lost
Severe winter to Feb.. Great snow
M
M
M
M
G
M
M
M
G
G
M
M
M
M
A
M
G
M
M
M
M
G
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
A
A
M
G
M
A
G
M
M
G
G
G
M
M
M?
G
G
M
M
G
M
M
M
A
M
G
M
M
M
M
M
M
G
M
M
M
M
M
M
1211
1212
1212
1212
1214
1216
1217
1218
1218?
1219
1219
1221
1222
1222
1222
1222
1222
1223
1224
1224
1225
1227
1231
1233
1233
1233
1235
1236
1236
1236
1237
1237
1239
1240
1240
1241
1243
1245
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1252
1254
1255
1256
1258
1258
1258-59
1260
1262
1263
1264
1266
1268
1268
1269
1269
1270
1273
1275
1276
1277
1277
1279
1281
1282
1282
April
July
30
October
November
27
11
January
October
March
May
September
December
December
16
18
13
22
28
12
25
January
June
1
24
March
April
June
July
8
11
January
November
February
September
June
21
3
March
July
25
26
December
November
February
6
November
October
March
January
24
1
June
24
June
November
July
July
May
23
7
29
26
30
November
30
December
January
6
20
September
11
January
October
October
August
1
10
25
22
February
2
20?
1
England
France
Novgorod, Russia
Holland
London
Bremen
Dunstable, Eng.
Holland, Germany
Franche Comté
Iceland
Friesland
London
England
Austria
Europe, China
England
Lombardy
Rome
Ireland
England
England
France
England
Hereford, England
England
England
Venice
England
E. England
Kattegat
France
China
Europe
Siena, Italy
Iceland
England
England
Katla, Iceland
Ireland
Friesland
England
Savoy
Cambery
North Sea
England, Ireland
England
Lombardy
Arabia
Scotland
England
Unknown
England
Germany
England
China, Europe
England
Cilicia
Europe
Russia
Cracow, Poland
Cracow, Poland
Friesland
England
Cilath
Cracow, Poland
E. England
Korea
Japan
Holland
Europe
Aurora
Haloes, etc.
Early frosts
Sea flood
Low tide
Sea flood
Meteor?
Sea flood
Subsidence
Volcano
Sea flood
Gale
Snow
Hail
Halley's Comet
Gale
Earthquake
Fall
Fall
Gale
'Snow'- soft hail?
Rockfalls
Drought
Halo complex
Waterspouts
Floods
Cold
Rain & floods
Gale & sea flood
Ice
Flood
Comet
Solar eclipse
Aurora?
Volcano
Drought
Meteor shower
Volcano
Frostbite
Sea flood
Earthquake
Avalanche
Landslide
Gale & sea flood
Drought
Aurora?
Seiches?
Volcano
Ball lightning?
Rain flood
Volcano
Hail
Aurora
Aurora
Comet
Halo complex
Earthquake
Severe winter
Aurora
Aurora
Aurora
Sea flood
Earthquake
Earthquake
Aurora
Rain floods
Aurora
Typhoon
Sea flood
Severe winter
Red bow in sky at night
Shower of blood, 3 crosses in sky,
Children sold as slaves for bread
306,000 drowned
Sea withdrew for several miles
20,000 k.
'Magnificent cross' passed W. to E.
1000,000 k.
5,000 men engulfed. No earthquake
Submarine eruption off Näss Repp
36,000 k.
Houses & woods fell. From N.E.
Great snow broke trees
Devastating at Salzburg. Egg-sized hail
Perihelion, 30 cubits long
Churches & trees fell. Sea rose
Continued 2 weeks. Much damage
Rain of blood-coloured earth for 3 days
'Strange shower' k. cattle. Nature N/S
Towers & churches fell
Great snow with lightning at Winchester
5,000 k. at Pays d'Aix,, winter
Dry from March to Oct.
4 'suns', 2 half circles & a great circle, sunrise
Fighting 'dragons' in air, South coast
Men & animals drowned. Bridges lost
Adriatic froze. Ice bore wagons
8 days of rain. Monstrous floods
Great numbers drowned. Flood for 2 days
Ice bridge from Norway to Jutland
Seine flood for 15 days. Also Thames
'Twisted & bent'. Seen 48 days
Seen Coimbra, Toledo, Montpelier, Florence
Brightness like daylight at midnight
Submarine eruption. Reika Näss
From Mar. 25 to Oct. 28. Many rivers dry
'Stars' fell 40 at once
Fields covered by cinders. Glacier-burst
'Poisonous snow'. People lost toes
1,000s drowned
Shock felt from Kent to Ireland
From Mt. Grenier. Weight 400,000,000 tons
Many villages lost
Great damage, England, Holland, Flanders
Summer heat day & night. Shannon dried up
'Ship' in air at night at St. Albans
Lakes & rivers rose & fell in summer
Eruption near Medina
'Flaming globe' ; 2 villas burnt
Severn storm flood. Many drowned
Great eruption recorded, Greenland ice cores
Stones took '3 men to lift'. 'Asserted on oath'
E. sky inflamed at dusk. Many locations
'Wonderful sign' in N. sky at midnight
Tail extended across sky. 100 cubits long
White & 'rainbow' circle round Sun
60,000 k.
Till May 25, 69. Baltic frozen
Armies in the sky
Coss-shaped brightness at twilight
Cross-shaped light in air at night
20,000 k.
Churches overturned. People k.
Shocks lasted 9 hrs. Many k.
Great light at night. Town illuminated
2 day's rain & vast floods. Men & cattle k.
Purple vapour cloud in W. sky
Mongol invasion fleet lost
Zuider Zee formed. Tempests
Began Dec. Great snow, Austria
M
M
G
M
G
G
M
M
A
A
G
A
G
G
A
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
G
M
A
M
M
M
G
M
G
M
M
M
M
G
G
A?
G
M
G
G
G
G
M
M
M
M
M
G
G
M
G
G
M
M
M
M
M
G
G
M
M
M
A
A
M
A
1285
1287
December
1290
September
1292
1293
May
1294
1294
May
1295
March
1296
1299
February
1300
July
1301
October
1302
1303
August
1304
October
1305
1306
1308
1308
1313
1315
1316
1317
November
1318
1319
1321
1321-1368
1323
1324
1325
1328
December
1330
1332
1332
1333
1333
1334
1334
1335
May
1339
July
1341
May
1342
1343
1343
January
1344
1344
1345
July
1347
1347
January
1347
1348
1348
January
1349
September
1354
1356
October
1356
1359
February
1360
May
1360
September
1361
February
1361
May
1361
December
1362
1362
January
1363
September
1366
January
1366
October
1368
1368
October
1369
14
27
20
14
10
23
8
1
19
1
15
13
19
1
25
25
10
18
9
8
13
25
27
27
13
16
12
22
England
Drought
Fatal heat
England, Holland Sea flood
50,000 drowned, Holland, 500, East Anglia
Chihli, China
Earthquake
1000,000 k.
Russia
Aurora
'Regiments' in the air at night
Kamakura, Japan Earthquake
30,000 k.
Hekla, Iceland
Eruption
Pumice reached Faeroes
London
Snow
Heavy snow fell in City
Yemen
Hail
Stone too big to see over. Animals k.
Russia
Meteorites?
Dark thundering cloud, then 'stony swarm' fell
England
Comet
With radiant tail
Hekla, Iceland
Volcano
Ash caused much damage. Lasted a year
Europe, China
Halley's Comet
Perihelion. Tail 70° long
Ischia, Italy
Volcano
Lava flow for 2 months. Also Vesuvius
Egypt, Syria
Earthquake
Sea wave flooded Alexandria
Saale, Saxony
Meteorites
Several stones fell
England
Hot summer
Burning heat & drought. Hay failed
Japan?
Coloured rain
Orange rain k. many men & cattle
China
Droughts, floods
1st of many disasters. Famine, plague
Italy
Aurora?
'Great flame' after sunset from N. to S.
China
Drought
Whole empire desolated
Europe
Rains
Famine; Polish poor ate hanged bodies
England
Rain & floods
2 years' heavy rain. Famine k. 1,000s
Dublin, Ireland
Gale
Houses prostrated
China
Flood
'Multitudes drowned'
Armenia
Earthquake
Many towns ruined
Ho-nan, China
Drought
Famine followed
O-chia, China
Meteorites
'Iron rain' k. people & animals
Denmark
Severe winter
S. Baltic frozen
China
Earthquakes
Droughts, floods, locusts. Again in 1327
England
Hot summer
Drought; springs failed. Many cattle died
Rome, etc.
Earthquake
Norcia ruined. 5,000 k.
China
Floods
Harvest ruined, famine
Iceland
Submarine volcano Eruption between Iceland & Greenland
China
Floods
Rain & floods k. 7 million
China
Drought, floods
4000,000 k. in floods.. Famine
Baltic
Ice
Solid ice from Denmark to Prussia
China
Drought, floods
Famine & floods k. 13 million in S. provinces
China
Earthquake
Created lake 100 leagues in circumference
Mugello, Italy
Earthquake
Great landslide followed. R. Arno disturbed
Silesia
Meteorites?
300 'thunderbolts' fell in storm
Hekla, Iceland
Volcano
Ash k. much livestock
Vienna, Austria
Flood
Danube flood; 6,000 drowned
Hekla, Iceland
Volcano
11 farms destroyed
Membij, Syria
Earthquake
Town destroyed, 5,700 k.
China
Earthquake
Great tract inundated. Seismic sea wave
Norway
River burst
R. Gaulen vanished & reappeared in flood,
Italy
Rain
Lasted 6 months. Then famine
Ho-tong, China
Drought
Many died
Italy
Aurora?
'Immense vapour' in N.
Cyprus
Earthquake
Sea wave swept island. Much damage
Iceland
Severe winter
Sea froze round Iceland
Italy
Earthquake
Italy shaken from Naples to Venice
Italy
Earthquake
Felt through most of Europe
Italy
Aurora
Sky burned many hours
Basle
Earthquake
Castles & churches fell
Ireland
Earthquake
'Great loss of people'
Florence, Italy
Aurora
'Inflamed vapour' at night.. 'Like a bridge'
Chartres, France Hailstorm
'Thousands perished'
Austria
Aurora
4 'fiery rainbows' in N. at night
England
Aurora
'Cloud like fire' at night
Boulogne, France Halo cross?
'Bloody cross' in sky all day; fell into sea
Sienna, Italy
Earthquake
Many buildings fell. 7 great shocks
Oraefajokull,
Volcano
Subglacial eruption destroyed 30 farms
Britain
Gale
'St. Maury's Wind'. Great S.W. storm
Europe
Severe winter
Terrible frost Sept.-April. Rhine frozen
England
Aurora
Red sky in E. at night. Red & white rays
Portugal
Meteor shower
'Stars' fell thickly
Germany
Meteorite
Mass of iron fell at Oldenburg
St. Denis, France Tornado?
Trees torn up by roots
China
Meteorite?
'Star' fell in river. Fire started
M
A
M
G
G
A
M
M
A
A
G
M
G
M
G
M
A
M
G
M
G
M
A
M
M
M
M
A
M
M
A
G
M
M
G
G
G
G
G
M
A
G
A
A
G
M
M
M
G
A
M
G
M
G
A
G
M
M
A
M
G
M
G
M
M
A
G
A
A
M
1370
1370
1371
1372
1372
1373
1375
1377
1378
1379
1381
1383
1383
1387
1389
1390
1391
1392
1394
1395
1395
1399
1402
1402
1402
1403
1405
1406
1407
1407-08
1408
1408
1416
1421
1422
1426
1427
1427
1428
1431
1433
1434
1438
1439
1443
1446
1453
1453
1456
1456
1456
1456
1459
1460(c.)
1465
1467
1470
1471
1472
1473
1476
1478
1480
1490
1490
1490
1491
1492
1492
1493
October
5
May
May
November
November
May
May
10
16
9
26
21
August
June
May
23
March
November
December
July
March
May
September
December
22
June
16
October
December
24
30
November
18
September
March
April
February
November
June
29
5
2
2
20
17
March
June
April
25
5
10
June
August
December
9
24
5
18
22
21
25
7
18
March
November
1
February
28
December
28
January
10
January
17
February or March
October
September
15
November
7
January
20
Russia
Aurora
Red sky at night. Pillars in sky
China
Sunspots
Spots frequently observed
Vicenzo, Italy
Aurora
'Inflamed smoke' at night. Great light
N. Atlantic
Submarine volcano Eruption between Iceland & Greenland
Arragon, Spain
Earthquake
'Terrible earthquakes'. Mountains fell
China
Comets
3 comets seen
Italy
Aurora
Burning fire at night. Moved N. to S.
Holland, etc.
Sea flood
30,000 k. 32 villages lost, Germany
China
Halley's Comet
Perihelion
Germany
Meteorites
Several stones fell at Minden
England, France Earthquake
Churches thrown down. Mallet says 1382
England
Fogs
'Foetid fogs' spoiled fruit. Many died
Lesbos, Greece
Earthquake
All buildings fell. 500 k.
Europe
Hot summer
Rhine waded at Cologne
Hekla, Iceland
Volcano
Ash & lava flow
England
Hot summer
Intense heat till Sept.. Plague
China
Two comets
France
Drought
Ponds & rivers dry. Cattle died
Europe
Earthquake
Switzerland, France, Germany
England
Aurora?
'Thing in the likeness of fire' at night
Valencia, Spain
Earthquake
Many buildings fell. Many shocks
Bologna, Italy
Aurora
'Very great redness' in air
Europe
Comet
Perihelion of great comet. Visible day & night
Essex, England
Ball lightning?
'Apparition' damaged Danbury church
Wales
Tornado
King's lances thrown. Pierced armour
Italy
Aurora
Great 'inflamed globe' at night
Denmark, Germany Sea flood
36,000 k.
English Channel Solar eclipse
Alarmed French fleet
England
Severe winter
Great frost for 25 weeks
Europe
Severe winter
Norway wolves reached Jutland across ice
China
Supernova?
Yellow star in Niandao. Motionless
Syria
Earthquake
Antioch, Aleppo, etc. Seismic sea wave
Bohemia
Coloured rain
Red rain fell
Holland
Sea flood
72 villages lost. 10,000 drowned
Eldey, Iceland
Volcano
Submarine eruption. Island formed
Britain
Earthquake
Whole of Britain. Lasted 2 hours
Amer, Spain
Earthquake
Every wall & house fell. No fatalities
Barcelona
Earthquake
10 or 12 shocks a day for 110 days
Spain
Earthquake
Many towns ruined
Germany
Severe winter
Until March 4, 1432. Rivers frozen
Scotland
Solar eclipse
'Black Hour'
Hekla, Iceland
Volcano
Damaging ash-fall
Burgos, Spain
Meteorites
Many vesicular stones fell
China
Comet
Tail 50 cubits long. 'Large like a ball'
Hungary
Earthquake
Many buildings fell. Also Poland, Bohemia
Europe
Storm
Sea flood k. 100,000, Germany, Holland
Constantinople
Aurora?
'Dazzling light' over town all night
Germany
Tornado
Rodenberg & Deister
N. Atlantic
Submarine volcano Between Iceland & Greenland
China, Europe
Halley's Comet
Perihelion. Prodigious tail
Ancona, Italy
Tornado
Crossed Italy W. to E.. Great damage
Naples
Earthquake
60,000 k.
Baltic Sea
Ice
Ice crossed from Denmark to Lubeck
New Zealand
Earthquake
Maori tradition
China
Comet
Tail 30 cubits long
Ava, Burma
Earthquake
Buildings destroyed
North Sea coasts Sea flood
10,000 k.
Italy
Hailstones
'Larger than ostrich eggs'
China, Europe
Comet
Great comet perihelion. Moved 40° in one day
England
Hot autumn
Harvesters died of heat
Sakurajima, Japan Volcano
Eruption k. many
England
Hot summer
4 months of great heat. Pestilence
England
Earthquake
Buildings thrown down. Whole country
Florence, Italy
Cold winter
River Arno froze. Tennis on ice
Florence, Italy
Glazed frost
Freezing rain broke trees
Shansi, China
Meteorites
'Stones fell like rain' & killed over 10,000
Cos, Greece
Earthquake
5.000 k.
Atlantic
Meteor?
'Branch of fire' fell in sea. Obs Columbus
Alsace
Meteorite
200 lb. stone, Ensisheim. After explosion
Florence, Italy
Blizzard
Streets blocked by snow. Violent wind
M
M
A
M
A
1495
1495
1496
1500
1500
October?
December
January
June
June
4
26
29
Santo Domingo
Rome
Valdinoce, Italy
Rome
N. Africa
Hurricane
Flood
Meteorites
Squall & hail
Meteor shower
Experienced by Columbus. 3 ships sunk
Great Tiber flood. Many drowned
3 stones fell
Papal palace ruined. Hail 3 ft. deep
'Stars fell like rain'