Unit A: Pure Substances & Mixtures (Pg. 2 – 87)
Chapter 2: Solutions (pg. 34 – 53) & PB (pg. 22-39)
Overall Expectations: 1 & 2
Specific Expectations: 1.1, 2.1, 2.5, 2.6, 3.6, 3.7, & 3.10
2.1: Solutes and Solvents (PB pg. 27 & 28) & TB (Pg. 39)
1.
In your own words, write a definition for solute and solvent. Same as TB # 1
Solute:
Is something that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.
Solvent:
Is a substance in which other things dissolve to form a solution.
2.
Why do we say water is an important solvent on Earth?
Earth is mostly covered with water. The water is the solvent for most of the solutes, it is also called “the universal
solvent.”
4. Name two ways pollution can get into water. This is also question # 6b TB.
Fertilizers and pesticides from farms. Waste from mining. Industrial waste. Sewage pt down the drain. Household
products put down the drain.
TB # 6 a: Pollution is a term for any containment in an environment. Whether a pure substance or a mixture, that
could harm the living things in that environment.
5. Key Question: Name the two parts that make up a solution. How are these parts different than the parts of a mixture?
A solution is made up of solutes and solvents. In a mixture, the substances stay whole. In a solution, the particles of
one substance dissolve into the other.
TB (Page 39):
2) Ocean water is a solution. It contains about 96% water, 4% salt, and very small amounts of other salts and minerals.
a) What is the solvent in ocean water?
The water is the solvent
b) What are the solutes in ocean water?
The salt and the other minerals are the solutes.
5) How is water an important solvent in the body?
Water is used in the body to dissolve substances that the body needs, such as salts, sugars, and other nutrients.
Once in a liquid solution, these solutes can be easily transported to the parts of the body where they are needed.
2.2: Dissolving and the Particle Theory (Pg. 40 – 41) & PB (Pg. 29-32)
Overall Expectations: 2 & 3
3.6
Specific Expectations: 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 3.3, &
2.2: TB (Pg. 41) & PB (Pg. 31 & 32)
1) Define the terms “soluble” and “insoluble” in your own words. Give examples of each. Same as TB # 3
Soluble: Able to dissolve in a specific solvent (salt in water)
Insoluble: unable to dissolve in a specific solvent (sand is not soluble in water)
2) SAME AS TB # 4. Answer: the sugar, colour particles, and flavour particles make a crystal. To get a solution,
the FOA between the crystal particles and the water particles must be as strong as the FOA between the water
particles themselves. The crystals break apart into sugar, colour particles, and flavour particles. The water
particles fill in the spaces between these other particles.
3) Why is the volume of a sugar and water mixture less than the volume of each substance alone? Explain.
The sugar and water particles are attracted to one another. They get closer together when they dissolve. That
leaves less space between the particles. With less space the volume is also less.
TB # 4: Drink crystals are a mixture of a sugar, flavour particles, and colouring particles. The crystals dissolve in water.
a)
What is the solute in this solution? What is the solvent?
The solutes in the solution are sugar, flavour particles, and colouring particles. The solvent is water.
b)
What happens to the different particles as the crystals dissolve in water particles?
As the drink crystals dissolve in water, the different particles are pulled apart. They spread throughout the
water to form the solution.
PB Pg. 32:
1.
a) Soluble
Insoluble
b) The sugar particles are attracted to the water particles, so they dissolve into the water. The vegetable oil
particles are not attracted to the water particles. They do not mix together.
2. a) solvent: milk
solute: sugar, chocolate
b) The sugar and chocolate particles break up and dissolve into the milk. The sugar particles, the chocolate
particles, and the milk particles are all mixed together. They are close with only a little space to show that they are
attracted to one another.
2.3: Concentration & Solubility TB (Pg. 42 – 44) & PB (Pg. 33-39)
Overall Expectations: 2 & 3
Specific Expectations: 2.5, 3.6, 3.8, & 3.9
PB (Pg. 37) & TB (page 44):
1.
Use your own words to define “concentrated” and “dilute”.
Concentrated means the solution has a large amount of solute.
Dilute means the solution has a small amount of solute.
2.
Use your own words to define “saturated” and “unsaturated”.
Saturated is a solution in which the solvent cannot dissolve any more solute.
Unsaturated is a solution in which the solvent can dissolve more solute.
3.
How are “solubility” and “saturated” similar? How are they different? Same as TB # 3
They both have to do with the maximum amount of solute.
A saturated solution cannot have any more solute dissolved into it. It has the most solute it can have.
Solubility is the maximum amount of solute at a certain temperature. When the maximum amount has been
dissolved, the solution is saturated.
4.
Key Question: Describe how concentration and solubility change solutions.
Concentration changes the amount of particles a solution can have. If it has a high concentration of a substance, it
will have more particles. The solubility of a solution changes what can be mixed into it.

Define Supersaturated Solution:
temperature and pressure.
A supersaturated solution holds more solute than expected at a given
Chapter 2 Review (Pages 52 – 53)
What Do You Remember?
1. Define the followings:
a) Dissolve:
To mix one type of matter into another type of matter to form a solution.
b) Solute:
Is something that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.
c) Solvent:
Is a substance in which other things dissolve to form a solution.
d) Concentrated:
A concentrated solution is a solution that has a large amount of solute dissolved in it.
e) Dilute:
A dilute solution is a solution that has a small amount of solute dissolved in it.
f) Saturated:
A saturated solution contains the maximum possible amount of solute
g) Unsaturated:
An unsaturated solution contains less than the maximum possible amount of solute.
h) Supersaturated:
A supersaturated solution holds more solute than expected at a given temperature and pressure.
i) Solubility:
The solubility of a solute is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100 mL of a
solvent at a certain temperature. OR: is a measure of the ability of one substance to dissolve in another substance
at a given temperature and pressure.
2.
a) List three examples of common solvents:
water, ethanol, and oil
b) List three examples of common solutes:
sugar, salt, and juice powder.
3. Which of the solutions in Figure 1 is concentrated? Which solution is dilute? Explain.
Solution (a) is dilute and solution (b) is concentrated. The solute particles give the solutions their colour. Therefore,
the darker the colour of the solution, the more solute particles there are in it. Since solution (b) is darker, it must be
more concentrated.
1. Ling is dissolving some sugar cubes in water. List three things Ling can do to dissolve the sugar cubes faster.
To get the sugar cubes toe dissolve faster, Ling should:
a) mix them with hot water
b) stir the mixture
c) break them into pieces
9. Why is water “the universal solvent”?
Water is called the universal solvent because many different solutes can dissolve in water.
11. Your teacher gives you a solution of salt in water. How can you find out if it is a saturated solution?
I could try to dissolve more salt in the water. If no more salt will dissolve in the water, the solution is saturated.
12. Rachel is vigorously stirring a mixture of sand and water. She says, “As long as I keep stirring, the sand stays
dissolved in the water.” Do you agree with Rachel? Explain why or why not.
No, I do not agree. Even when the sand is swirling through the water, it is still not dissolved. For a substance to
dissolve, the tiny particles in it need to mix evenly with the particles of the solvent, and the solution needs to look
like just one substance. Also, the particles in a solution do not separate upon standing.
13. Michael dissolved a lot of sugar in a glass of water until no more sugar would dissolve. Michael says, “This is a
saturated solution.” Rachel says, “It is a concentrated solution.” Are both correct? Explain your answer.
Both are correct. The solution is saturated because no more sugar will dissolve init. The solution is also
concentrated because Rachel dissolved a lot of sugar in the glass of water which means that there are a large
number of solute particles in the water.
15. The solubility of sugar in water at room temperature is 204 g/ 100 mL.
a) How much sugar will dissolve in 100 mL of water at room temperature?
204 g of sugar will dissolve in 100 mL of water at room temperature.
b) How much sugar will dissolve in 2000 mL of water at room temperature?
2000 mL water X 204 g sugar__ = 4080 g sugar
100 mL water
16. A coffee shop attendant added instant coffee powder to hot water until no more would dissolve. He added 30 g of
powder to 100 mL of water. What is the solubility of the instant coffee powder in hot water?
The solubility of the coffee powder is 30 g/100 mL in hot water.
17. Malcolm added table salt to water until no more would dissolve. He added 108 g of salt to 300 mL of water. What is
the solubility of table salt in water at that temperature?
Solubility =
108 g salt = 36.0 g/100 mL  The solubility of the salt is 36.0 g/100 mL
300 mL water
18. Calculate the concentration (in g/100 mL) of each of the following solutions:
a) 3 g of sugar in 100 mL of solution
3 g/ 100 mL
b) 10 g of sugar in 50 mL of solution
Concentration = 10 g = 20 g__
50 mL 100 mL
c) 54 g of sugar in 200 mL of solution
Concentration = 54 g = 27 g__
200 mL
100 mL
19. A vegetable soup recipe requires one teaspoonful of salt. Now the soup is much too salty:
a) What can the chef do to reduce the salty taste of the soup?
To make the soup less salty, the chef could add more water to the soup
b) What effects would your suggestion in (a) have on the soup?
Adding more water might make the soup watery or not as thick as it should be.