Thermal Energy Outline
IN this chapter we will define and study thermal energy and how it is
affected by the behavior of atoms. We will examine the basic concepts of
observing, measuring, conserving, and using thermal energy in your
everyday life.
Let’s begin by reviewing some concepts that we already know.
A. Mass is the amount of _________________ that makes up
an object
B. All matter is made of _______________________.
a. These are the basic building blocks that make
everything including _________________,
__________________, and
_____________________.
b. Even powerful __________________________ are
not strong enough to view any single atom because
of their size.
Understanding Thermal Energy begins with an understanding of the
Kinetic Theory of Matter. ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
From this law we need to understand that:
1. Kinetic means _______________.
2. Atoms make up 3 states of matter.
a. ______________
b. ______________
c. ______________
3. Friction produces ______________.
4. The _______________ of atoms can be
measured.
5. All heat that we feel is produced by the
__________________ from atoms.
a. Examples.
i. _______________
ii. _______________
iii. _______________
iv. _______________
v. _______________
Temperature _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
The unit for measuring temperature is the
____________________.
Instrument for measuring temperature is the
_________________________.
Relies on expansion and contraction of liquids.
1. ______________________ (very dangerous)
2. ______________________ (preferred)
Temperature can be measured using three different scales
1. _____________________ scale ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. _____________________ scale ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. _____________________ scale ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
The ____________________ scale was designed for
__________________________ zero. It designates zero as the coldest
possible temperature
Absolute zero means _________________________
_______________________________________________________
Temperature Chart
Celsius
Fahrenheit
Kelvin
Freezing point H20
Boiling point H20
Body Temp.
Room Temp.
Absolute Zero
Conversion formulas:
Thermal Energy ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Kinetic Energy - ______________________________
Potential Energy - _____________________________
Expansion and Contraction
Materials will _____________________ when they are heated and
_____________________ when cooled.
____________________- an increase in size
____________________- a decrease in size
When a material is heated its particles _______________ into each other
creating more space . This is expansion.
When cooling, the particles move closer together causing
_________________________.
One exception to the rule_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
______________________________ can be installed to absorb expansion so
damage can be prevented.
______________________ are used in :
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
Thermostat- _______________________________________________
Thermostats use a strip of metal called a_____________________, which
allows appliances to be activated automatically.
Examples:
1. ___________________________
2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
Energy Transfer
Heat _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
The _______________ is the unit for measuring heat.
These are the same calories that you associate with food.
Burning calories is the releasing of _______ _____________.
There are 3 ways that heat energy can be transferred to objects.
1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. _______________
Conduction - _______________________________________________
How does it happen? ____________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Materials that are good ___________________of heat are:
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
If the material is not a good conductor, it is called an
_________________.
Materials that are good insulators of heat are:
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
Convection - ________________________________________________
When convection forms a continuous cycle, the moving air is called a
___________________________.
Moving from hot to cool area
Cooled air falls to ground
Heat source
Hot air is __________ dense than cold air, therefore it will always rise above it.
Radiation or (Radiant energy)_____________________________________________________________
Examples of radiant energy are:
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
Amount of radiation that can be taken in by a material depends on
the material’s ____________________.
1. Dark surfaces ____________________________________.
2. Light surfaces ____________________________________.
3. Transparent surfaces _______________________________
__________________________________________________.
Temperature Scales
1. What is the freezing point of water in:
O
Fahrenheit
O
Celsius
Kelvin
2. What is the boiling point of water in:
O
Fahrenheit
O
Celsius
Kelvin
3. Room temperature is approximately 70OF.
Calculate room temperature in:
O
Celsius
Kelvin
4. Your body temperature is 98.6OF. Calculate
body temperature in:
O
Celsius
Kelvin
5. What is absolute zero and what temperature
is it in:
O
Fahrenheit
O
Celsius
Kelvin
6. What is the definition of temperature?