Unit 3 Biology
Mechanisms for co-ordinating homeostasis in mammals - (nervous & endocrine systems)
Guiding Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What do the nervous and endocrine systems work together to do?
What sort of time span does the endocrine system take to have an effect?
What functions are generally controlled by the endocrine system?
What sort of time span does the nervous system take to have an effect?
What functions are controlled by the nervous system?
6. What are the two functions of the nervous system?
7. How does the nervous system receive sensory input?
8. How does the nervous system integrate and respond to sensory input?
9. What are the two parts of the nervous system?
10. What are the further divisions of the CNS?
11. What are the further divisions of the PNS?
12.
13.
14.
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17.
What does the PNS contain?
What are axons and dendrites surrounded by?
What are sensory or afferent pathways?
What are motor or efferent pathways?
Is most sensory input carried by the PNS below the level of conscious awareness?
What are the two major divisions of the motor (efferent pathway)?
18. What does the somatic nervous system control?
19. What are the receptors of the somatic nervous system?
20. What are the effectors of the somatic nervous system?
21. What does the autonomic nervous system control?
22. What are the two subsystems of the autonomic nervous system?
23. How do these two systems maintain homeostasis?
24.
25.
26.
27.
What is the CNS composed of?
What does the CNS do?
What is the role of the brain?
What is the role of the spinal cord?
28.
29.
30.
31.
What is a reflex arc?
What is an example of a reflex arc?
Why are reflex arcs important?
Explain how a reflex arc works?
32. What are the five main sections of the brain?
33. What is the function of each of these sections?
34. Where roughly is each part located?
35. What is nervous tissue composed of?
36. What is the function of neurons?
37. What is the function of glial cells?
38.
39.
40.
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42.
What are neurons?
What are the three parts of a neuron?
What is the role of the cell body?
What is the role of the dendrites?
What is the role of the axon?
43. What are sensory neurons?
44. What are motor neurons?
45. What are interneurons?
46. Explain how an electrical message is passed along an axon?
47. What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?
48. What are the two types of glial cells and where are they found?
49. What are the Nodes of Ranvier and why is an action potential conducted more rapidly along a
myelinated axon?
50. What is a neural synapse?
51. Name a neurotransmitter.
52. Explain how neurotransmitters work.
53. How do toxins affect the nervous system?
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
What are the foundations of the endocrine system?
What do hormones do?
Why do specific hormones only affect specific cells?
What is a gland?
What is the difference between an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland?
59. What are the major glands of the endocrine system?
60. Why is the pancreas part of the endocrine system?
61. What non-endocrine organs can also produce hormones?
62. What is the importance of the hypothalamus?
63. What do nerve cells in the hypothalamus control?
64.
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70.
Where is the pituitary gland situated?
Why is the pituitary gland important?
What influences the production of pituitary hormones?
What sorts of hormones does the pituitary gland produce?
What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?
Name a hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Name a hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
Where is the thyroid located?
What hormones does the thyroid produce?
What hormone controls the function of the thyroid gland?
Where are the parathyroids located?
What hormone do the parathyroid glands secrete?
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78.
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80.
81.
Where are the adrenal glands located?
What are the two parts of the adrenal glands?
What hormone does the adrenal cortex secrete?
What hormone does the adrenal medulla secrete?
Where is the pineal gland located?
What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?
82. What hormones are produced by the male and female gonads?
83. What hormones are produced by the pancreas?
84. Explain how the control of hormone levels produced by the endocrine system is an example of
a negative feedback system.
85. How are hormones eliminated from the body?