KOC
KOC Waste Management
Kuwait Oil Company
Waste Management System-2003
November 2005
Health & Environment Team
(Health Safety and Environment Group)
KOC
KOC Waste Management
Table of Contents
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.
2.1
3.
3.1
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4.
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.
5.1
6.
6.1
6.2
7
7.1
8.
9.
10.
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.3.1
10.3.2
10.3.3
10.3.4
10.3.5
10.3.6
10.3.7
10.3.8
10.3.9
10.3.9.1
10.3.9.2
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
KOC Waste Policy
KOC Business Overview
KOC Current Waste Practices
Waste Management Background
Legal requirements
Government Regulations
Roles and Responsibilities
Key Responsibilities
Waste Generation and Management in KOC
Waste Storage
Waste Containers
Waste Labeling
Waste Transportation
Waste Disposal
Waste Records
Waste Tracking
Other Records
Reporting Requirements
Emergency Contingency Planning
Waste Spillage
Waste Inspection and Auditing
Inspection
Auditing
Training
Training Requirements
Medical Surveillance
HSEMS Procedures/Plan related to Waste Issues
Waste Minimization in KOC Operations
Introduction
Waste Minimization Versus Waste Control
Techniques of Waste Minimization
Improved Operating Practices
Improved House Keeping
Preventive Maintenance
Chemical and Material Storage
Purchasing and Inventory Control
Material Management
Spill and Leak Prevention
Technology Development
Product Reformulation/Substitution
Organic Solvents
Mechanical Cleaning
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
9
9
11
11
11
14
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
17
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KOC Waste Management
10.3.9.3
10.3.9.4
10.3.9.5
10.3.9.6
10.3.9.7
11.
11.1
11.2
12.
12.1
Paints and Thinners
In-process Recycling/Reuse
Reduction in Water Use
Materials Exchange
Recycling
Waste Classifications
Hazardous waste
Hazardous Waste by Characteristics
Waste Reduction Study Recommendations
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
20
20
Lay the groundwork for a comprehensive assessment
21
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
Review operations
Identify waste reduction options
Evaluate options
Set goals and evaluate success
21
21
22
22
Figures:
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
The Inverted Pyramid for Solid Waste Management
Waste Minimization Measures
Waste Minimization Performance Indicators
12
13
22
Appendices
Appendix1
Appendix2
Appendix3
Appendix4
Categories of wastes to be controlled
KOC Monthly Waste Data Form
Management of Specific Waste Streams
Manifest for Transportation and Disposal of Wastes
24
33
35
80
Glossary
Acronyms
References
82
86
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KOC Waste Management
1.
Introduction
1.1
Purpose and Scope
The waste management system covers all of KOC activities, practices, and available facilities,
new or improved facilities. The purpose of this document is to ensure that wastes generated
by KOC activities are managed in compliance with applicable regulations and KOC policy
and look at measures for waste minimization and reuse.
1.2
KOC Waste Policy
KOC HSE Policy Article 2 states that:
"We will strive for progressive improvement in the environmental performance of our
facilities by reducing emissions and wastes and conserving energy."
In addition, an expectation has been established for all KOC employees and
contractors in the Guide to KOC HSE Management System. Specifically, Element 5,
Expectation 9 states:
"HSE impacts associated with waste, emissions, noise, biodiversity and energy shall
be monitored and minimized. Comprehensive waste management programmes shall
be in place to ensure that wastes are minimized, re-used, recycled, or properly
disposed."
Expectations of Waste Management System





Ensure that waste management complies with company policy and
expectations;
Ensure that all waste is managed in compliance with legal requirements,
including permit conditions, national and international regulations;
Minimize the generation of waste;
Minimize the environmental impact of waste;
Ensuring that the management of waste does not disrupt or distract from
normal operations
The purpose of these expectations is to:
 Elaborate on the new KOC HSEMS expectations for waste management.
 Emphasize on methods to minimize waste volumes using waste minimization
philosophies.
 Follow the proposed waste management practices by maintaining up-to-date
waste information
1.3
KOC Business Overview
KOC’s business interests are centered on production and transport of oil. The
massive effort in producing this oil includes the employment of 5000 plus employees,
involvement of thousands of contractors, operating thousands of wells, numerous
gathering centers, gas compression booster stations, drilling rigs, crude oil bulk
storage tank farms, marine transport loading facilities, and a significant number of
transportation pipelines. The significant oil production related activities generating
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KOC Waste Management
waste over large land area include drilling, production, maintenance, construction,
materials procurement, as well as use of office and housing complexes.
1.4
KOC Current Waste Practices
Currently KOC waste disposal practices include the use of various municipal landfills,
pilot water injection wells, evaporation pits, and the discouraged use of unregulated
open pits. KOC has achieved some positive results in the form of recycling surplus
material through salvage vendors and encouraging recycling of office paper waste and
recycling of weathered crude oil is being achieved through oil recovery by contractor
under the “Skimmer Contract”.
In line with Kuwait EPA directives, the KOC higher management has banned the
disposal of wastes within KOC fields and following are two approved waste disposal
areas out side KOC premises:


1.5
7th Ring Road disposal site for inert waste
Shuaiba waste disposal site for hazardous waste
KOC Waste Management Background
Waste management is a significant issue of concern to industry, government and the
wider community. It is an issue, which transcends environmental and economic
boundaries. Primary concerns include the loss of potentially valuable materials that
may be recycled, the use of otherwise valuable land for landfill, and the potential
negative impacts of inadequate disposal techniques on public health and the
environment.
2.
Legal Requirements
2.1
Government Regulations
The management of wastes is regulated by Law No. 21/1995 as amended by Law No.
16/1996 and Decision 210/2001. This categorizes wastes as Hazardous or Nonhazardous according to the Basel Protocol. For movements of waste within Kuwait it
requires that a Manifest for Transportation and Disposal is completed. Separate, but
similar, manifests must be completed according to whether the waste is Hazardous or
Non-Hazardous. Now we have Kuwait EPA Regulations 2002 (Gazette 533) and
company have to comply with different aspects of the regulation related to waste
management. Following are different articles of Kuwait EPA (Gazette 533) regarding
waste management issues:
• Chapter 1- Articles 1 to 5 is about environmental outcomes of development
projects
• Chapter 4- Articles 19 to 45 is regarding waste issues
• Chapter 5- Articles 58 to 70 is regarding protection of marine and coastal
environment
• Chapter 6- Articles 71 to 73 is regarding protection of earth from pollution
• Chapter 9- Articles 86 to 89 is regarding KEPA legal control
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3. Roles and Responsibilities
Accountability for waste management remains with KOC for all wastes arising from
its operations. However, responsibility is delegated contractually to a number of
parties such as suppliers, operational contractors and waste management contractors.
Advice and support on wastes management should be available from the KOC Health
and Environment team and TL H&E Team act as principal contact with regulatory
bodies on matter of waste disposal and other waste management issues, however
Assets and Group Managers ensure that waste arising from their operations are
managed in compliance with KOC policy and government regulations.
The detailed responsibilities of Asset and Group Managers, Team Leader Health and
Environment, Group and Asset HSE Team Leaders, Operations Supervisors, All
Supervisors and Team Leaders, Superintendents of Contract, Contractors and All
KOC and Contractor Staff will be described in a separate document titled Waste
Management Procedure.
4. Waste Generation and Management in KOC
The types and quantities of waste likely to be generated must be considered when
planning work. Specialist advice should be sought whenever the generation of large
quantities or unusual wastes is anticipated.
Some emergencies, such as spills of oil or chemicals, will generate wastes that require
disposal. Given the nature of the operation it is unlikely that any spill will generate
quantities of waste that cannot be disposed of through normal means. This conclusion
should be confirmed during the environmental aspect evaluation process. If a
potential to generate large quantities of hazardous waste is identified, its management
should be included in the appropriate contingency plan. The categories of waste to be
controlled, KOC monthly waste data reporting form, management of specific waste
streams and manifest for transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes are given
here as appendices 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
4.1. Waste Storage
Waste should be collected on site in specified waste collection points. Waste
containers should meet the requirements listed below and should be color coded, if
possible (e.g. black drums for non-hazardous waste, red for oily waste, etc.).
When waste containers are full they should immediately be taken to a waste
storage area pending shipment for final disposal.
Assets should have specific, clearly identifiable, hazardous and non-hazardous
waste accumulation, handling, and storage areas.

Hazardous waste should be stored separate from non-hazardous waste.
The hazardous waste storage area(s) shall be secured and access shall be restricted
only to personnel assigned the responsibility of handling hazardous.
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Waste that has been identified as hazardous should not be stored more than 90 days
before it is shipped for disposal.
All shipping/packaging shall be separated and disposed accordingly. Reuse or recycle
materials if possible.
No hazardous waste should be allowed into storage areas unless it has been properly
identified and labeled.
4.2. Waste Containers
Containers must be in good conditions. Wastes must be transferred to another
container if the container in which they are stored is leaking, severely rusted or has
structural defects.

Damaged containers previously containing hazardous and toxic waste that
cannot be reused shall be treated as a hazardous and toxic waste.
Containers must be made of or lined with materials that are compatible with the
waste, and that will not react with the waste. All containers must be managed so that
the ability of the container to hold the waste is not impaired.
All hazardous waste containers must be closed at all times, except when adding or
removing wastes. They should be fitted with a strong lid to prevent spills during
transfer or transport.
Containers must be handled in a manner that will not cause a rupture or leaks.
Reuse of containers for hazardous waste storage is allowed provided the all of the
following conditions are met:




The hazardous waste to be stored is the same as the previous waste or is
compatible with the previous waste.
The shipper puts the waste into the used container at least 24 hours before the
shipment is to leave the site.
The container is inspected immediately before the shipment is loaded.
Loading is performed by the shipper, and unloading is performed by the
consignee.
The characteristics and type of waste, the effect of waste expansion, the formation of
gas and increase in pressure during storage shall be taken into consideration when
placing hazardous and toxic wastes into a container.



For liquid hazardous and toxic waste, space shall be included for gas formation
and volume expansion;
For self reacting hazardous and toxic wastes, voids shall not be left in the
packages; and
For explosive hazardous and toxic wastes, packages shall be designed to withstand
the increase of pressure from inside and outside.
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4.3. Waste Labeling
All sites must follow the guidelines for waste labeling given in the Waste Information
System. Waste storage areas must be indicated on site plans.
Hazardous waste containers should be labeled with the following information, as a
minimum:
 its contents;
 the date of packing;
 the words, “hazardous waste”, if hazardous;
 the hazardous characteristics, if any;
 its origin location; and
 a contact name and phone number.
4.4. Waste Transportation
Waste may only be transported from KOC by an authorized Waste Transporter.
All waste that leaves KOC sites must be tracked using a system of Waste Manifests
(Appendix 4). Different, but similar, Manifests are provided by the Kuwait EPA for
Hazardous and Non-hazardous Wastes.
4.5. Waste Disposal
Waste that is removed from KOC sites must be taken to an authorized waste management
contractor for disposal. The dumping of any waste on KOC premises, or indeed any other
area not approved by the Kuwait EPA, is strictly forbidden.
If reuse or recycling is not practicable options, wastes must be disposed through
approved facilities. At present the only such facility within Kuwait is at the Shuaiba
waste disposal site for hazardous waste and 7th ring road disposal site for inert waste.
Preferred methods of disposal for each common waste type are given in the Waste
Management Information System. The advice of the H&E Team should be sought before
using any disposal route not listed in this system.
Appendix 3 gives guidance on the management of most common oilfield wastes,
including options for reduction, reuse, recycling and disposal. However the
practicability of these options within Kuwait has, as yet, not been determined.
4.6. Waste Records
Copies of Waste Manifests must be retained by:

The Site Waste Controller, at the site generating the waste or the appropriate local
office.

The Asset and Group H&E Team Leader.
In addition, the Site Waste Controller (SWC) should keep:
A summary of the types and quantities of waste removed from site for disposal during
the month.

An inventory of the types and quantities of waste remaining on site at the end of the
month.
These records should be forwarded monthly to the Asset and Group H&E Team Leader
within 14 days of the end of each month.
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KOC Waste Management
Summary records of the types and quantities of waste generated by each Group and Asset
should be forwarded to the H&E Team Leader within 21 days of the end of each month.
It is vital that KOC can demonstrate that all wastes arising from its activities are
managed and disposed of legally and in a manner that meets KOC policy. This
requires that there is a system to record all wastes that arise and track their
movements until final disposal.
The quantities of all wastes generated and disposed must be recorded.
The only exceptions to the above are hydrocarbon wastes that are recycled on site
back into the production stream. However hydrocarbons that are taken offsite for
recycling must be recorded.


Volumes of effluents should be quantified.
Quantities of solid and other wastes should also be quantified.
Records of waste should be reported to asset HSE teams on a monthly basis within 14
days of the end of the reporting period. This is to allow records to be kept current and
for submissions to be made to the authorities and to KOC H&E Team.
4.7. Waste Tracking
Records must be kept that identify the full chain of custody, treatment and disposal
for all items of waste. This is a legal requirement.
Waste tracking should be done using the waste manifest system stipulated in the EPA
Regulations. Copies of the waste Manifests are given in the appendix 4 to this
guidance document.
When waste is uplifted from KOC sites, copies of the manifest, signed by the waste
transporter, should be made. Arrangements should also be made for a final signed
copy of the manifest to be obtained from the waste disposal contractor, confirming
that disposal has taken place. Copies of all signed waste manifests should be kept in
the asset records system for at least five years.
4.8. Other Records
A number of other records related to waste disposal should be kept. These include:





Effluent quality
Waste analysis records
Inspection records
Inventories
Employee training documentation
Incident reports
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4.9. Reporting Requirements
The quantity of hazardous waste generated and its disposal must be reported to the
H&E team by the last day of each month. All such data is required by KPC and
Kuwait EPA.
A single person within each asset should be allocated with the responsibility for all
waste reporting.
5. Emergency Contingency Planning
Waste is an issue in emergency contingency planning for two reasons:


A spill of waste may in itself constitute and emergency.
Other emergencies, notably oil spills, may generate wastes that require
disposal.
5.1. Waste Spillage
Producers, collectors, users, transporters, processors and stockpilers of hazardous
waste should have an emergency response system. For waste transporters and
processors this is a legal requirement.
It is unlikely that the spillage of waste from KOC operation would result in an
emergency. Therefore it is not necessary to have an emergency response plan
specifically for spills of waste; however such spillages can be incorporated into the
facility generic emergency response plan.
The KOC Environmental Aspect Identification and Assessment Procedure should
identify any potential incidents in which waste spillage would cause a specific risk (as
against a general risk, such as a fire hazard). Should this occur, that risk should be
highlighted in the emergency response plan. The plan should include information on
hazardous and toxic wastes held on the facility and recommended procedures for their
handling. The plan should also specify the authorities that must be notified in the
event of a spillage of hazardous waste.
6. Waste Inspection and Auditing
Waste management should be part of the routine schedule of inspections that take
place on operational sites to ensure that policies and procedures are being maintained.
In addition, there is a requirement to ensure that KOC is satisfied that the ultimate
route of disposal of each waste meets regulatory and policy requirements. This may
require that waste audits are carried out.
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6.1. Inspections
Inspections are of two types;


General HSE or operational inspections
Dedicated waste management inspections
Examples of general HSE inspections include the daily area supervisor tour. Such
inspections should include assessment of waste management facilities and procedures.
In addition to these routine inspections there should be a regular dedicated waste
management inspection covering the entire site. This should be carried out monthly
unless only small volumes of waste are generated at the site, in which case a less
frequent inspection schedule may be acceptable. Inspections should follow a
checklist that covers segregation, storage, disposal and record keeping.
6.2. Auditing
Assurance must be obtained that third parties who handle transportation, treatment or
disposal of any waste that arises from KOC’s activities do so in a manner that is in
compliance with legal and KOC Policy requirements.
This assurance may be gained a number of ways:


Certification from recognized third party bodies e.g.ISO14001 certification
Audit reports from reputable third parties
Audit by KOC or by other K company operations
Each of the above will give a different level of assurance. The level of assurance
required will depend on the risk involved. Reliance on third party certification may
be adequate when assessing a company that receives non-hazardous waste, such as
paper, or very small quantities of hazardous waste, such as laboratory chemicals. A
full audit would be required for sites that take large volumes of waste.
Ideally, audits should be carried out prior to entering any contract with a waste
contractor.
7. Training
KOC Policy HSE-02 that anyone involved in activities that have potential
environmental impact should be adequately trained.
7.1 Training Requirements
All operational staff requires training in waste management. The level of training will
depend on the nature of their job.
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Everyone should have basic training on waste management. This could be given as a
dedicated package or as part of an induction programme. The training should cover
the following points:




KOC policy.
Waste management hierarchy.
Waste segregation.
Disposal options.
Basic health and safety considerations.
Specialized training should be given to staff that are:






handling hazardous/toxic wastes;
involved in facilities and equipment generating hazardous/toxic wastes;
assigned to install, maintain, or repair waste management related equipment;
preparing waste shipments;
responsible for inspections;
involved in waste record keeping or reporting;
having any duties specified in the Contingency Plan.
The person within the asset who is responsible for waste shipment should undergo
accredited external training on waste management.
All training should be documented.
In addition to basic training, there should be an ongoing awareness programme, for
example; through the use of posters.
8. Medical Surveillance
The EPA regulations require that persons who regularly handle toxic waste must
receive medical surveillance. The H&E Team should be consulted for details of these
requirements.
9. HSEMS Procedures/ Plan- Related to Waste Issues
The detail description of the procedures is available in the KOS HSE Group Portal.
The following are a brief description of the procedures:
Effluent Water Disposal Pit Closure Procedure: KOC.EV.006 (KOC HSEMS
Element 04)

Responsibilities and actions for effluent water disposal pit cleanup and closure
at KOC operations

This procedure describes the process for evaluation and risk based cleanup at
contaminated pit site.
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Chemical Spill Cleanup Procedure: KOC.EV.005 (KOC HSEMS Element 07)


Define responsibilities and actions in response to chemical spills that occur
during KOC operations.
This procedure is related to oil spills less than 10 barrels.
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedure – EV.KOC.003 (KOC
HSEMS Element 04)
Preparation of Project HSE Plan procedure GE.KOC.048 (KOC HSEMS
Element 04)





Waste management/ disposal
Effluent disposal
Oil and Chemical Spill
Site Restoration
Environment Sensitive Areas
Controlling Team should prepare HSE Plan; it should cover all the relevant waste
issues and regulations (MOE and KEPA). HSE Asset Teams Review HSE Plan and
HSE Group- Approve the HSE Plan.
Oil Spill Contingency Plan KOC Operations- Land




Assets specific response plan.
Spill reporting procedure
Response Strategies.
Waste management issues related to spills.
Waste Information System (KOC Portal HSE Group)
This website is intended to give guidance for the management of wastes arising from
KOC operations. It is based on the following principles of waste management, in line
with and the requirements of the KOC HSE Management system and best industry
practice. The site covers the following information:
 KOC waste policy
 Roles and responsibilities
 Waste Stream Management
 Manifests
 Reporting requirements
 Storage
 Disposal
 Legal requirements
 Waste characterization
 Inspection / Auditing
 Training
 Emergency Contingency Planning
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KOC


KOC Waste Management
Waste finder
Link to different relevant sites
10. Waste Minimization in KOC Operations
10.1
Introduction
Waste minimization means eliminating or reducing at the source the use, generation,
or release of toxic chemicals, hazardous materials or solid waste. It requires a review
of KOC operational/business activities from start to finish, in order making changes
that avoid the creation of waste, rather than managing waste after it has been
generated. Few examples of waste minimization techniques include:
- Elimination of chlorinated solvents through product substitution
- Use of water-based muds as an alternative to oil-based muds
- Directional drilling to reduce environmental impacts
- Spill prevention programs
This concept can be applied to all aspects of KOC operations, such as drilling, acid
mixing, facility design, fluid transfer etc.
10.2
Waste Minimization versus Waste Control
Waste Minimization is not the same as waste control. Waste control means reducing
waste after it has been created, rather than avoiding its creation in the first place.
Traditionally solid wastes are managed in a hierarchy that looks like an inverted
pyramid (Figure 1). At the broad top is disposal, which is a macro solution applied at
the level of the company. Very little of the waste is processed or treated in any way,
and indeed have a maximum impact on the environment.
At the narrow bottom of the inverted pyramid is waste minimization at source. This is
a micro solution to waste management, applied at the level of an individual and
household, or a business/industry - at the place where the waste is actually generated.
Here a conscious effort is made to reduce the amount of waste generated - indeed to
avoid situations where waste is generated. The impacts and effects on the
environment at this level are minimal.
In some cases waste control is the only feasible option. Whenever possible, waste
minimization is emphasized as a new approach to apply in the design and
implementation of a variety of projects. Source reduction is the strategy of first
choice, followed by recycling, treatment, and as a last and least preferred resort,
environmentally sound disposal.
Waste minimization is a methodology used to achieve waste reduction, primarily
through reduction at source, but also including recycling and re-use of materials, as
shown in the figure below.
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Figure 1: The Inverted Pyramid for Solid Waste Management
Least
preferred
option
Disposal
Most preferred
option
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Figure 2: Waste Minimization Measures
Better
produced
water
management
Inventory
control
Product
substitution
Source
reduction
Possible Waste
Minimization
Solutions
Good house
keeping
and preventive
maintenance
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Gradual
elimination
of all surface
pits
Equipment
modification
Reduction in
water use
KOC
KOC Waste Management
Table 1- Waste Minimization Measures for KOC
Business Activity
Type of Waste Generated
Fluid Transfer
Oil, fuel, and chemical spills
Waste Minimization Options
Use portable surface liner
Institute inventory control program
through centralized purchasing
Obsolete inventory stock, Unused
Order materials in containers sized to use
materials, Delivery and receiving spills, Ensure secondary containment for
Spills from improper storage
hazardous materials
Utilize recyclable containers that can be
returned to vendor.
Purchasing and
Materials
Management
Painting and
Stripping
Sludge, Paint thinner, Solvent, Paint
waste, Evaporative losses, Bad batch
Use water-based paints
Train employees to apply efficiently
Reduce over spray by proper use of spray
gun
Mix only what is needed
Use up paint completely.
Facility Design and
Construction
Poor design may result in: Spills, Poor
separation of hazardous chemicals
Install concrete floor
Install secondary containment for
hazardous materials
Design building to segregate wastes.
Facility Operation
and Maintenance
Develop quality assurance and
Spills resulting from poor operation and
prevention maintenance program.maintenance
implementation
Drilling
Lead other materials in pipe dope
Use non-metallic dope.
Spills of acids and other materials
Design system so mixing is done
automatically through computer system
Design system so mixing takes place
indoors where there is secondary
containment
Filter, recycle and reuse materials prior
to disposal.
Mixing of Acids,
Muds, Brines
10.3.
Techniques of Waste Minimization
Waste Minimization can be accomplished through a variety of different techniques,
which involve changes in human behavior, materials, equipment, technology, or some
combination of these factors. These techniques include:
- Improved operating practices
- Technology changes through process and equipment
- Product reformulation/materials substitution
- In-process recycling/reuse and materials exchange
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A key to successfully achieving waste minimization is making commitment to
carefully review all KOC operations with an eye towards waste reduction so that
promising techniques can be identified and implemented. Assets should develop a
program, based on the following techniques.
10.3.1 Improved Operating Practices
Improved operating practices are often the simplest and least expensive means of
achieving pollution prevention. This category includes improved housekeeping,
purchasing and inventory control, materials management, leak and spill prevention,
and training. It may also include changes in management philosophy that allow for
more employee contributions to pollution prevention, such as implementing quality
improvement programs.
10.3.2
Improved House Keeping
Tanks, containers, pumps, and engines all have the tendency to leak. A good
housekeeping practice that can help reduce the amount of soil and water
contamination that an operator has to remediate is installing containment devices.
Even though a small investment is required, containment devices save money and
regulatory compliance concerns in the long run. Also, they can capture valuable
released chemicals that can be recovered and used.
10.3.3
Preventive Maintenance
The companion of good housekeeping is preventive maintenance. Regularly
scheduled preventive maintenance on equipment, pumps, piping systems and valves,
and engines will minimize the occurrence of leaks and releases of chemicals and other
materials to containment systems, or if there are no containment systems, to the
environment.
10.3.4
Chemical and Materials Storage
Another important aspect of good housekeeping is the proper storage of chemicals
and materials. Chemicals and materials should be stored such that they are not in
contact with the ground (e.g., on wooden pallets). Preferably, the raised storage area
will include secondary containment and be protected from weather. All drums and
containers should be kept closed except when in use. It is very important that all
chemical and material containers always be properly labeled so that their contents
may be identified at any time. Also, material data safety sheets (MSDSs) and other
manufacturer information should be kept on file for all stored chemicals and
materials. Proper storage and labeling of containers allows quick and easy
identification and classification of released chemical or material in the event of a leak
or rupture.
10.3.5
Purchasing and Inventory Control
Inventory control is one of the most effective ways to reduce waste generation,
regulatory compliance concerns and operating costs. Especially, when combined with
proper chemical and materials storage. An operator who tracks his chemicals and
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materials can use them more efficiently and reduce the volume of unusable chemical
that must be managed as waste (Suppliers to take back empty and partially filled
containers for reclamation or reuse). The purchasing staff should be involved in waste
reduction planning to help reduce the use and waste to toxic materials. Examples of
purchasing and inventory control practices include:
-
10.3.6
Purchase and use toxic substances only as needed
Purchase non-toxic products, if available
Set up an inventory tracking system to avoid over purchase of materials in
different parts of a facility
Avoid overstock of raw materials, especially those with a short shelf life
Purchase materials in containers sized to the amounts you plan to use
Maintain records of toxic substance purchases for reporting purposes and to
understand trends in usage
Maintain current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Review MSDS sheets prior to purchase to ensure that the product is
compatible with your process and safe for workers
For materials used in large quantities, purchase in bulk storage containers
and/or reusable totes to avoid the need for drum disposal
Materials Management
Improved materials management provides an easy and low cost way to reduce waste.
Good materials management practices include:
-
-
10.3.7
Space rows of drums appropriately to allow for easy transfer and inspection
for damage or leaks.
Stack containers according to manufacturer's instructions to reduce tipping,
puncturing, or other damage.
Segregate each toxic substance, hazardous waste and non-hazardous waste to
avoid cross-contamination, mixing of incompatible materials, and unwanted
reactions and to facilitate materials exchange, recycling, or reclamation.
Store containers on pallets to prevent corrosion, which can result from
containers contacting concrete floors.
Keep aisles free of obstructions.
Clearly label containers with information on contents, handling, storage,
expiration dates, and health and safety hazards.
Spill and Leak Prevention
A comprehensive spill prevention program saves money in both product and cleanup
costs. To reduce the potential for leaks and spills:
-
Use storage tanks and vessels only for their intended purposes.
Install leak detection equipment and train employees to use it.
Install spill containment equipment and train employees to use it.
Wipe up spills whenever possible rather than hosing down an area.
Maintain the integrity of tanks and containers.
Control the loading, unloading, and transfer of all hazardous substances.
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-
Ensure that all hoses and gaskets are properly fitted prior to receiving and
dispensing fuels and other liquids.
Install secondary containment around tanks or storage areas to limit spills.
-
10.3.8 Technology Development
Process and/or equipment changes can be effective pollution prevention measures.
Old or inefficient processes often result in excess use of toxic substances and excess
generation of hazardous wastes. The installation of new processes and or equipment
can result in improved efficiency, safety, and lowered costs. Examples of process
changes include:
- Automate to reduce accidental releases and control quality
- Conserve water and energy to reduce waste generation
- Improve scheduling of processes or dedication of equipment to certain
processes to minimize the amount of cleaning needed, especially in painting
operations
- Test solvent baths to determine whether they need changing rather than
changing them according to a schedule
Equipment changes may include redesign to reduce the likelihood of spills, and
installation of equipment to recycle materials such as solvents and antifreeze.
10.3.9
Product Reformulation / Substitution
Hazardous wastes may be reduced by changing a product's formula so that a toxic or
hazardous ingredient is replaced with a less toxic material. This technique is called
product reformulation. Water-based paints are an example of a product that has been
reformulated to eliminate the solvents found in oil-based paints. Materials or product
substitution can reduce or eliminate the amount of toxic materials being used and
disposed of in the exploration and production process. Substitution of citrus-based
solvents and water-based cleaning systems for chlorinated solvents used in parts
cleaning is one of the common materials changes occurring in the oil production
industry.
Assets should carefully evaluate substitute products. These substitutes may be less
hazardous than the original product, but they are not risk free, and should be handled
by trained personnel.
Following are some recommendations for substitute products:
10.3.9.1
Organic Solvents
Organic solvents, such as trichloroethylene, and carbon tetrachloride, are commonly
used for cleaning equipment and tools. These solvents, when spent, become hazardous
oil and gas wastes. Alternative cleaning agents, such as citrus-based cleaning
compounds and steam may be substituted for organic solvents. By doing so, a
hazardous waste stream may be eliminated, along with the associated waste
management and regulatory compliance concerns.
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10.3.9.2
Mechanical Cleaning
Mechanical cleaning techniques are probably the best source reduction methods when
using cleaning solvents. There are commercial products, which use high pressure,
and/or high temperature water based solvents to clean equipment. This type of
equipment in many cases recycles the cleaning fluid to get the maximum use out of
the solvent being used and minimizes the volume of the waste generated.
Also, solvents such as xylene and toluene, which may become hazardous wastes, have
been commonly used for dissolution and removal of organic deposits (e.g., paraffin).
Chemical suppliers have access to non-toxic solvents that will substitute for xylene
and toluene.
10.3.9.3
Paints and Thinners
Oil-based paints and organic solvents (i.e., thinners and cleaners) are used less
frequently today, nonetheless they are still used. These paints and thinners provide an
excellent product substitution opportunity. Water-based paints should be used
whenever feasible. The use of water-based paints eliminates the need for organic
thinners, such as toluene. Organic thinners used for cleaning painting equipment are
typically listed hazardous waste when spent. This substitution can eliminate a
hazardous waste stream and reduce waste management costs.
10.3.9.4 In-process Recycling/Reuse
In-process recycling and reuse will improve efficiency and reduce the cost of waste
disposal. Rather than disposing of a material after a one-time use, the material is
reprocessed so it can be used again. This technique will apply in the oil field to reuse
well fluids as well as to conserve water.
10.3.9.5
Reduction in Water Use
Large amounts of water are used when hydro testing lines. To reduce water use and
water disposal costs when feasible, reuse hydro test water to test as many lines as
possible. In some instances, reuse of hydro test water can result in the reduction of
significant waste management costs and water purchase costs. Also use of ultrasonic
("smart") pigs may reduce the need for hydro testing. Smart pigs can assess the
condition of pipe and, thus, may help in more efficient planning of hydro testing.
10.3.9.6
Materials Exchange
A materials exchange program can help to conserve resources, energy and land fill
space by assisting businesses in finding alternatives to the disposal of useful materials
or wastes. The materials exchange provides an information clearinghouse for
businesses to list materials wanted and available. Type of materials list may include:
-
Out of date/overstock chemicals
Pallets and wood
Containers/packaging materials
Used office/electronic equipment
Construction materials
Paints and coatings
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- Metals
- Plastic
- Oils
- Paper products
One company can often use another company's wastes. Materials exchanges are
mutually beneficial, the buyer saves on raw material costs and the seller saves on
disposal costs. It is not necessary to sell the unwanted items, it can be given free of
cost, if the company is facing difficulty in finding the buyers, still company can save
the disposal costs etc.
10.3.9.7
Recycling
The next preferred waste management option is recycling. Recycling is becoming a
big business and more recycling options are available every day.
Scrap metal is a relatively easy waste to recycle. Many recycling companies can
collect and remove materials such as tanks, drums, and other types of scrap metal
from the premises at minimal or no charge to the company. An additional
consideration is regulatory requirements. Scrap metal that is recycled is not subject to
hazardous oil and gas waste regulations; but it is if disposed of. For example, an old
steel tank coated with lead-based paint would likely be determined hazardous if
disposed of; however, if recycled it is excluded from regulation as a hazardous oil and
gas waste.
An excellent way to ensure that drums are recycled is to have in the contract with a
vendor the requirement that the vendor take back any delivered drum, including
drums that still contain some chemical or product.
11.
Waste Classifications
The waste generator is responsible for properly characterizing each waste. The waste
characterization is then used in assessing the appropriate handling, treatment, and
disposal of that waste. Waste characterization is the assessment of the physical,
chemical, and toxicological characteristics (i.e. properties) of a waste. There are two
primary reasons for characterization:
To determine the dangers related to transportation on public roads, and to determine
the environmental consequences of the waste so that a disposal or management option
that appropriately deals with those consequences may be used.
In general all of KOC wastes can be classified into one of two categories, either being
of a hazardous nature or non-hazardous nature.
11.1
Hazardous waste
Some wastes need to be considered hazardous due to their inherently dangerous
nature. They may have the potential to react violently causing an explosion, fire,
chemical reaction, or they may have constituents that are extremely toxic to living
organisms in low doses. Due to these increased health risks, hazardous wastes require
special precautions in their handling, storage, transport, and ultimate disposal.
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Examples of hazardous waste could include spent treatment chemicals, chlorinated
solvents, cleaning fluids containing heavy metals, batteries, etc.
Many countries have extensive regulations and guidance in determining what
materials are considered hazardous waste and how they should be handled and
disposed of. Currently Kuwait EPA regulations provide limited guidance regarding
hazardous waste. Basel convention also has produced technical guidelines and
categories of waste to be controlled. In the absence of specific regulations, KOC
should strive to follow the general international hazardous waste determinations based
on characteristics of the material by the following four categories:
11.2. Hazardous Waste Characteristics
Flammability (Examples: waste gasoline, solvents, and thinners)
Liquids with flash point less then 60 degrees Celsius
Solids or semi solids capable of causing fire through friction, absorbing moisture, or
spontaneous chemical change, and burning vigorously and persistently when ignited
Gasses, which are compressed and ignitable
Corrosivity (Examples: strong acids or caustics)
Substances with pH less then 2.0 or greater then 12.5
Reactivity (Examples: iron sulphide, acetylene)
Substance that reacts easily by itself or mixed with water to produce heat, explosion,
or toxic gases
Toxicity (Examples: biocides, benzene, lead, cadmium)
Substances that exceed leachate test concentration levels containing certain heavy
metals, organic chemicals, and pesticides.
In addition to the materials determined to be hazardous by the above characterization
criteria, there may be additional waste materials that require special care and treated
similar to hazardous waste e.g. medical waste. Unique procedures are necessary to
handle these special types of waste and should be developed and included in the
procedural.
In general the determination of whether or not a material should be considered
hazardous is typically a troublesome and continual problem. If the particular waste
stream in question was not on the list then the more detailed analysis would be
required, but once it was complete and a classification determined, the waste
classification list could be updated with the new information for future reference.
12.
Waste Reduction Study Recommendations
Study for the waste reduction in oil and gas production is difficult because of a lack of
sufficient data on quantities and relative toxicities of the various wastes produced.
Clearly, bottom wastes saturated with crude oil, paraffin, and asphaltics are toxic, but
many of the solids separable from these wastes (such as bentonite and clay) are
virtually inert biologically.
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A study quantifying mass, volume, toxicity, and environmental availability of the
wastes would make it possible to rank their potential for environmental damage and to
focus efforts for technical solutions. Produced water is massive in quantity, but can be
well handled by recycling and deep well disposal. Managing oily wastes and sludges
in an economic and environmentally sound way, should also be a high priority issue.
A mechanism for more far-reaching communication on waste minimization, source
reduction, toxics use reduction, and closed loop recycling should be instituted. This
communication would encompass waste exchanges, technological transfer both within
KOC, between K companies, industry, government, and environmental groups to
encourage cooperation on pollution prevention issues.
The most comprehensive approach for pollution prevention is called a waste reduction
assessment. This requires convening a team to evaluate all aspects of KOC’s
operations. Pollution prevention opportunities can also be identified by focusing on a
particular waste stream of concern, or a toxic chemical currently in use.
The advantage to conducting an Asset/facility-wide waste reduction assessment is that
it may suggest overall changes that can benefit the Asset throughout its operations. A
comprehensive assessment will also assist the company in its long-term planning
efforts. Some basic steps in conducting a comprehensive waste reduction assessment
are as follows:
12.1.
Lay the groundwork for a comprehensive assessment
Prior to beginning an evaluation of a facility, it is important to have clear direction
and management support for this type of evaluation. Assembling a diverse team of
employees representing all aspects of the operation is key to conducting a thorough
facility evaluation. This team should include team leaders, engineers, HSE staff,
operational supervisors, purchasing staff, maintenance personnel, and any others
critical to the overall operation.
12.2.
Review operations
Prior to doing a walkthrough of a facility in each assets, it may be useful to review
data, such as purchasing records, operation and maintenance reports and any
information about suspected environmental or safety problems.
A walkthrough is conducted to identify all of the steps in an operation, including all
materials use, identification of wastes being generated. This evaluation should
identify types and quantities of materials used and wastes generated in the facility
operations. It may be useful to construct a diagram of the process flow in your
operation to pinpoint problem areas. It is often useful to include someone who is not
involved in the day-to-day operations of the facility in this review of operations. This
person may provide a fresh eye in evaluating the efficiency of current practices and
techniques.
12.3.
Identify waste reduction options
When a walkthrough and review of facility operations has been completed, it is time
to generate a list of pollution prevention options. It is productive to work as a team
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and brainstorm a list of options, which can then be evaluated further. Improved
operating practices are often the easiest to identify, such as improvements in training,
inventory control, waste segregation, storage and handling, preventive maintenance,
and scheduling.
Other options may include raw materials changes, technology changes and
improvements in recycling and reuse of materials.
12.4.
Evaluate options
Evaluate options for their technical and economic feasibility as well as the likelihood
of their acceptance by relevant employees.
Once options are selected they can be implemented. Many operating changes can be
implemented immediately, whereas more complex changes may require equipment
and facility redesign. All changes will require employees training to ensure long-term
effectiveness.
12.5.
Set goals and evaluate success
It can be valuable to set annual goals for a comprehensive waste reduction program.
These goals may be performance-based or numeric. For example, a goal may be to
limit the use of drums or reduce the use of chlorinated solvents by 60% in two years.
The assessment process itself is not a one-time procedure. Ideally, an assessment is
conducted on an annual basis. At that time progress can be evaluated and new goals
can be set for waste reduction.
Figure 3 -Waste Minimization Performance Indicators
Waste
Minimization
Source reduction
(pollution prevention)
Recycle
Onsite and offsite
Employee
Involvement
Reclamation
Reuse
Product changes
(eco design)
Improved
operating practices
Process changes
(cleaner production)
Technology changes
(clean production)
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changes
Process
Modification
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Table 2 Recycle Companies in Kuwait
The company can contact the following companies within Kuwait for the recycling of
any relevant material available in their assets.
No.
Company
Name
Address
Tel.
Web Site/ Email
Address
Recycled
Material
1
Kuwait
Foundry
Al-Rai
Industrial
area
4766691
4763033
-
Scrap
metals
Mina
Abdulla
3262252
3262257
www.kuwaitiglass.com
Soft drink
bottles
Shuaiba
Ind- Area
3263704
3262072
www.gulfpaper.com
Paper &
carton
Shuaiba
Ind-Area
3261247
3261248
3261249
kloc@wazzan.com
Lube oils
3263780
info@al-oula.net
Scrap
metals
4577773
www.mrckw.com
Scrap
metals
2
3
4
5
6
Gulf Glass
Manufacturing
Company
Gulf Paper
Manufacturing
Company
Kuwait Lube
Oil Company
Al-Oula Steel
Manufacturing
Company
Metal
Recycling
Company
(MRC)
Shuaiba
Ind- Area
Amghara
Area
Al-Rai
industrial 4721480 jvrmurthy@alzahem.net Used tires
Area
The above list is based on KEPA list of recycling companies within State of Kuwait.
*KOC will be paid for transporting recyclable material to the above-mentioned
companies.
* For further information regarding waste recycling, kindly contact the abovementioned companies.
7
Al-Zahem
Industry
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Appendix 1
Categorization of Hazardous Wastes According to the
Basel Protocol
Waste Streams
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
Y8
Y9
Y10
Y11
Y12
Y13
Y14
Y15
Y16
Y17
Y18
Clinical wastes from medical care in hospitals, medical centers and clinics
Wastes from the production and preparation of pharmaceutical products
Waste pharmaceuticals, drugs and medicines
Wastes from the production, formulation and use of biocides and
phytopharmaceuticals
Wastes from the manufacture, formulation and use of wood preserving
chemicals
Wastes from the production, formulation and use of organic solvents
Wastes from heat treatment and tempering operations containing cyanides
Waste mineral oils unfit for their originally intended use
Waste oils/water, hydrocarbons/water mixtures, emulsions
Waste substances and articles containing or contaminated with polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) and/or polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) and/or
polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)
Waste tarry residues arising from refining, distillation and any pyrolytic
treatment
Wastes from production, formulation and use of inks, dyes, pigments, paints,
lacquers, varnish
Wastes from production, formulation and use of resins, latex, plasticizers,
glues/adhesives
Waste chemical substances arising from research and development or teaching
activities which are not identified and/or are new and whose effects on man
and/or the environment are not known
Wastes of an explosive nature not subject to other legislation
Wastes from production, formulation and use of photographic chemicals and
processing materials
Wastes resulting from surface treatment of metals and plastics
Residues arising from industrial waste disposal operations
Wastes having as constituents:
Y19
Y20
Y21
Y22
Y23
Y24
Metal carbonyls
Beryllium; beryllium compounds
Hexavalent chromium compounds
Copper compounds
Zinc compounds
Arsenic; arsenic compounds
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Y25
Y26
Y27
Y28
Y29
Y30
Y31
Y32
Y33
Y34
Y35
Y36
Y37
Y38
Y39
Y40
Y41
Y42
Y43
Y44
Y45
Selenium; selenium compounds
Cadmium; cadmium compounds
Antimony; antimony compounds
Tellurium; tellurium compounds
Mercury; mercury compounds
Thallium; thallium compounds
Lead; lead compounds
Inorganic fluorine compounds excluding calcium fluoride
Inorganic cyanides
Acidic solutions or acids in solid form
Basic solutions or bases in solid form
Asbestos (dust and fibres)
Organic phosphorus compounds
Organic cyanides
Phenols; phenol compounds including chlorophenols
Ethers
Halogenated organic solvents
Organic solvents excluding halogenated solvents
Any congenor of polychlorinated dibenzo-furan
Any congenor of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin
Organohalogen compounds other than substances referred to in this Annex
(e.g. Y39, Y41, Y42, Y43, Y44)
(a)
To facilitate the application of this Convention, and subject to paragraphs (b),
(c) and (d), wastes listed in Annex VIII are characterized as hazardous
pursuant to Article 1, paragraph 1 (a), of this Convention, and wastes listed in
Annex IX are not covered by Article 1, paragraph 1 (a), of this Convention.
(b)
Designation of a waste on Annex VIII does not preclude, in a particular case,
the use of Annex III to demonstrate that a waste is not hazardous pursuant to
Article 1, paragraph 1 (a), of this Convention.
(c)
Designation of a waste on Annex IX does not preclude, in a particular case,
characterization of such a waste as hazardous pursuant to Article 1, paragraph
1 (a), of this Convention if it contains Annex I material to an extent causing it
to exhibit an Annex III characteristic.
(d)
Annexes VIII and IX do not affect the application of Article 1, paragraph 1
(a), of this Convention for the purpose of characterization of wastes3
CATEGORIES OF WASTES REQUIRING SPECIAL CONSIDERATION
Y46
Y47
Wastes collected from households
Residues arising from the incineration of household wastes
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LIST OF HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS
UN Class Code
Characteristics
1
H1
Explosive
An explosive substance or waste is a solid or liquid substance or
waste (or mixture of substances or wastes) which is in itself
capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a
temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage
to the surroundings.
3
H3
Flammable liquids
The word “flammable” has the same meaning as “inflammable”.
Flammable liquids are liquids, or mixtures of liquids, or liquids
containing solids in solution or suspension (for example, paints,
varnishes, lacquers, etc., but not including substances or wastes
otherwise classified on account of their dangerous characteristics)
which give off a flammable vapour at temperatures of not more
than 60.5ºC, closed-cup test, or not more than 65.6ºC, open-cup
test. (Since the results of open-cup tests and of closed-cup tests
are not strictly comparable and even individual results by the
same test are often variable, regulations varying from the above
figures to make allowance for such differences would be within
the spirit of this definition.)
4.1
H 4.1
Flammable solids
Solids, or waste solids, other than those classed as explosives,
which under conditions encountered in transport are readily
combustible, or may cause or contribute to fire through friction.
4.2
H 4.2
Substances or wastes liable to spontaneous combustion
Substances or wastes which are liable to spontaneous heating
under normal conditions encountered in transport, or to heating
up on contact with air, and being then liable to catch fire.
4.3
H 4.3
Substances or wastes which, in contact with water emit
flammable gases
Substances or wastes which, by interaction with water, are liable
to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable
gases in dangerous quantities.
5.1
H 5.1
Oxidizing
Substances or wastes which, while in themselves not necessarily
combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen cause, or
contribute to, the combustion of other materials.
5.2
H 5.2
Organic
Peroxides
Organic substances or wastes which contain the bivalent-o-o-
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structure are thermally unstable substances which may undergo
exothermic self-accelerating decomposition.
6.1
H 6.1
Poisonous (Acute)
Substances or wastes liable either to cause death or serious injury
or to harm health if swallowed or inhaled or by skin contact.
6.2
H 6.2
Infectious substances
Substances or wastes containing viable micro organisms or their
toxins which are known or suspected to cause disease in animals
or humans.
8
H8
Corrosives
Substances or wastes which, by chemical action, will cause
severe damage when in contact with living tissue, or, in the case
of leakage, will materially damage, or even destroy, other goods
or the means of transport; they may also cause other hazards.
9
H 10
Liberation of toxic gases in contact with air or water
Substances or wastes which, by interaction with air or water, are
liable to give off toxic gases in dangerous quantities.
9
H 11
Toxic (Delayed or chronic)
Substances or wastes which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if
they penetrate the skin, may involve delayed or chronic effects,
including carcinogenicity.
9
H 12
Ecotoxic
Substances or wastes which if released present or may present
immediate or delayed adverse impacts to the environment by
means of bioaccumulation and/or toxic effects upon biotic
systems.
9
H 13
Capable, by any means, after disposal, of yielding another
material, e.g., leachate, which possesses any of the characteristics
listed above.
Tests
The potential hazards posed by certain types of wastes are not yet fully documented;
tests to define quantitatively these hazards do not exist. Further research is necessary
in order to develop means to characterize potential hazards posed to man and/or the
environment by these wastes. Standardized tests have been derived with respect to
pure substances and materials. Many countries have developed national tests which
can be applied to materials listed in Annex I, in order to decide if these materials
exhibit any of the characteristics listed in this Annex.
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LIST A1
Wastes contained in this Annex are characterized as hazardous under Article 1,
paragraph 1 (a), of this Convention and their designation on this Annex does not
preclude the use of Annex III to demonstrate that a waste is not hazardous.
1.1.1. A1
Metal and metal-bearing wastes
A1010
Metal wastes and waste consisting of alloys of any of the following:
 Antimony
 Arsenic
 Beryllium
 Cadmium
 Lead
 Mercury
 Selenium
 Tellurium
 Thallium
but excluding such wastes specifically listed on list B.
A1020 Waste having as constituents or contaminants, excluding metal waste in
massive form, any of the following:
 Antimony; antimony compounds
 Beryllium; beryllium compounds
 Cadmium; cadmium compounds
 Lead; lead compounds
 Selenium; selenium compounds
 Tellurium; tellurium compounds
A1030 Wastes having as constituents or contaminants any of the following:
Arsenic; arsenic compounds
Mercury; mercury compounds
Thallium; thallium compounds
A1160 Waste lead-acid batteries, whole or crushed
A1170 Unsorted waste batteries excluding mixtures of only list B batteries. Waste
batteries not specified on list B containing Annex I constituents to an extent to
render them hazardous
A1180 Waste electrical and electronic assemblies or scrap2 containing components
such as accumulators and other batteries included on list A, mercury-switches,
glass from cathode-ray tubes and other activated glass and PCB-capacitors, or
contaminated with Annex I constituents (e.g., cadmium, mercury, lead,
polychlorinated biphenyl) to an extent that they possess any of the
characteristics contained in Annex III (note the related entry on list B B1110)3
1
These lists have been edited to include only those waste streams that are likely to be produced by oil
industry operations.
2
This entry does not include scrap assemblies from electric power generation.
3
PCBs are at a concentration level of 50 mg/kg or more.
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A2
Wastes containing principally inorganic constituents, which may
contain metals and organic materials
A2010 Glass waste from cathode-ray tubes and other activated glasses
A2030 Waste catalysts but excluding such wastes specified on list B
A2050 Waste asbestos (dusts and fibres)
A3
Wastes containing principally organic constituents, which may contain
metals and inorganic materials
A3010 Waste from the production or processing of petroleum coke and bitumen
A3020 Waste mineral oils unfit for their originally intended use
A3030 Wastes that contain, consist of or are contaminated with leaded anti-knock
compound sludges
A3040 Waste thermal (heat transfer) fluids
A3060 Waste nitrocellulose
A3140 Waste non-halogenated organic solvents but excluding such wastes specified
on list B
A3150 Waste halogenated organic solvents
A3160 Waste halogenated or unhalogenated non-aqueous distillation residues arising
from organic solvent recovery operations
A3180 Wastes, substances and articles containing, consisting of or contaminated with
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polychlorinated terphenyl (PCT),
polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) or polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), or any
other polybrominated analogues of these compounds, at a concentration level
of 50 mg/kg or more
A3190 Waste tarry residues (excluding asphalt cements) arising from refining,
distillation and any pyrolitic treatment of organic materials
A3200 Bituminous material (asphalt waste) from road construction and maintenance,
containing tar (note the related entry on list B, B2130)
A4 Wastes which may contain either inorganic or organic constituents
A4010 Wastes from the production, preparation and use of pharmaceutical products
but excluding such wastes specified on list B
A4020 Clinical and related wastes; that is wastes arising from medical, nursing,
dental, veterinary, or similar practices, and wastes generated in hospitals or
other facilities during the investigation or treatment of patients, or research
projects
A4030 Wastes from the production, formulation and use of biocides and
phytopharmaceuticals, including waste pesticides and herbicides which are
off-specification, outdated, or unfit for their originally intended use
A4040 Wastes from the manufacture, formulation and use of wood-preserving
chemicals
A4050 Wastes that contain, consist of or are contaminated with any of the following:
 Inorganic cyanides, excepting precious-metal-bearing residues in solid
form containing traces of inorganic cyanides
 Organic cyanides
A4060 Waste oils/water, hydrocarbons/water mixtures, emulsions
- 29 -
KOC
KOC Waste Management
A4070 Wastes from the production, formulation and use of inks, dyes, pigments,
paints, lacquers, varnish excluding any such waste specified on list B (note the
related entry on list B B4010)
A4080 Wastes of an explosive nature (but excluding such wastes specified on list B)
A4090 Waste acidic or basic solutions, other than those specified in the corresponding
entry on list B (note the related entry on list B B2120)
A4100 Wastes from industrial pollution control devices for cleaning of industrial offgases but excluding such wastes specified on list B
A4120 Wastes that contain, consist of or are contaminated with peroxides
A4130 Waste packages and containers containing Annex I substances in
concentrations sufficient to exhibit Annex III hazard characteristics
A4140 Waste consisting of or containing off specification or outdated chemicals
corresponding to Annex I categories and exhibiting Annex III hazard
characteristics
11
Note that mirror entry on list B (B1160) does not specify exceptions.
12
This entry does not include scrap assemblies from electric power generation.
13
PCBs are at a concentration level of 50 mg/kg or more.
A4160 Spent activated carbon not included on list B (note the related entry on list B
B2060)
LIST B
Wastes contained in the Annex will not be wastes covered by Article 1, paragraph 1
(a), of this Convention unless they contain Annex I material to an extent causing them
to exhibit an Annex III characteristic.
B1 Metal and metal-bearing wastes
B1010 Metal and metal-alloy wastes in metallic, non-dispersible form:
 Precious metals (gold, silver, the platinum group, but not mercury)
 Iron and steel scrap
 Copper scrap
 Nickel scrap
 Aluminium scrap
 Zinc scrap
 Tin scrap
B1030 Refractory metals containing residues
B1040 Scrap assemblies from electrical power generation not contaminated with
lubricating oil, PCB or PCT to an extent to render them hazardous
B1050 Mixed non-ferrous metal, heavy fraction scrap, not containing Annex I
materials in concentrations sufficient to exhibit Annex III characteristics 15
B1070 Waste of copper and copper alloys in dispersible form, unless they contain
Annex I constituents to an extent that they exhibit Annex III characteristics
B1090 Waste batteries conforming to a specification, excluding those made with lead,
cadmium or mercury
B1110 Electrical and electronic assemblies:
 Electronic assemblies consisting only of metals or alloys
- 30 -
KOC
KOC Waste Management

Waste electrical and electronic assemblies or scrap (including printed
circuit boards) not containing components such as accumulators and other
batteries included on list A, mercury-switches, glass from cathode-ray
tubes and other activated glass and PCB-capacitors, or not contaminated
with Annex I constituents (e.g., cadmium, mercury, lead, polychlorinated
biphenyl) or from which these have been removed, to an extent that they
do not possess any of the characteristics contained in Annex III (note the
related entry on list A A1180)
 Electrical and electronic assemblies (including printed circuit boards,
electronic components and wires) destined for direct reuse, and not for
recycling or final disposal
B1120 Spent catalysts excluding liquids used as catalysts
B1180 Waste photographic film containing silver halides and metallic silver
B1190 Waste photographic paper containing silver halides and metallic silver
B1250 Waste end-of-life motor vehicles, containing neither liquids nor hazardous
components
B2
Wastes containing principally inorganic constituents, which may contain
metals and organic materials
B2020 Glass waste in non-dispersible form:
 Cullet and other waste and scrap of glass except for glass from cathode-ray
tubes and other activated glasses
B2030 Ceramic wastes in non-dispersible form:
 Cermet wastes and scrap (metal ceramic composites)
 Ceramic based fibres not elsewhere specified or included
B2040 Other wastes containing principally inorganic constituents:
 Waste gypsum wallboard or plasterboard arising from the demolition of
buildings
 Sulphur in solid form
 Sodium, potassium, calcium chlorides
 Carborundum (silicon carbide)
 Broken concrete
B2120 Waste acidic or basic solutions with a pH greater than 2 and less than 11.5,
which are not corrosive or otherwise hazardous (note the related entry on list
A A4090)
B2130 Bituminous material (asphalt waste) from road construction and maintenance,
not containing tara (note the related entry on list A, A3200)
B3
Wastes containing principally organic constituents, which may contain metals
and inorganic materials
B3010 Solid plastic waste:
The following plastic or mixed plastic materials, provided they are not mixed
with other wastes and are prepared to a specification:
 Scrap plastic of non-halogenated polymers and co-polymers,
 Cured waste resins or condensation products
B3020 Paper, paperboard and paper product wastes
The following materials, provided they are not mixed with hazardous wastes:
- 31 -
KOC
KOC Waste Management

Waste and scrap of paper or paperboard of:
o unbleached paper or paperboard or of corrugated paper or
paperboard
o other paper or paperboard, made mainly of bleached chemical
pulp, not coloured in the mass
o paper or paperboard made mainly of mechanical pulp (for
example, newspapers, journals and similar printed matter)
B3035 Waste textile floor coverings, carpets
B3040 Rubber wastes
The following materials, provided they are not mixed with other wastes:
 Waste and scrap of hard rubber (e.g., ebonite)
 Other rubber wastes (excluding such wastes specified elsewhere)
B3050 Untreated cork and wood waste:
B3065 Waste edible fats and oils of animal or vegetable origin (e.g. frying oils),
provided they do not exhibit an Annex III characteristic
3080 Waste parings and scrap of rubber
B3090 Paring and other wastes of leather or of composition leather not suitable for
the manufacture of leather articles, excluding leather sludges, not containing
hexavalent chromium compounds and biocides (note the related entry on list A
A3100)
B3140 Waste pneumatic tyres, excluding those destined for Annex IVA operations
B4
Wastes which may contain either inorganic or organic constituents
B4010 Wastes consisting mainly of water-based/latex paints, inks and hardened
varnishes not containing organic solvents, heavy metals or biocides to an
extent to render them hazardous (note the related entry on list A A4070)
B4020 Wastes from production, formulation and use of resins, latex, plasticizers,
glues/adhesives, not listed on list A, free of solvents and other contaminants to
an extent that they do not exhibit Annex III characteristics, e.g., water-based,
or glues based on casein starch, dextrin, cellulose ethers, polyvinyl alcohols
(note the related entry on list A A3050)
- 32 -
KOC
KOC Waste Management
Appendix 2- KOC Monthly Waste Data Form
Asset/Group:…….……………
MONTH
A:
…………
YEAR
………
Waste Generation:
Site / Location of Generated Waste: __________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. Waste Generated by Contractor / Company: ___________________________
_______________________________________________________________
1.
a) Name and contact number of Contractor: _____________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Name of Contact Person from Team/Asset for Waste Handling: ___________
_______________________________________________________________
Phone No: ________________ Fax No: _______________
E-mail Address: __________________________________
B.
Waste Treatment:
1. Any Treatment of Waste (Yes/No): ___________
2. If yes, what type of treatment: ______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
C.
Waste Minimization (eg. Recycling/Reduction/Reuse):
1. Any action taken for Waste Minimization (Yes/No): ___________
2. If yes, what type of action: _________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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KOC
KOC Waste Management
D. Waste Characterization
Name of Waste
(e.g. Oil,
Chemical,
Effluent- water,
Concrete,
Metallic, etc)
Category
of Waste
(Hazardou
s / Non –
hazardous
)
Nature of
Waste
(Flammab
le, Toxic,
Corrosive,
Reactive)
Type of
Waste
(Solid /
Liquid /
Sludge)
Quant
ity of
Waste
(Metri
c
Tons)
Activities
Generating
Waste (e.g.
Drilling,
Maintenanc
e, etc)
Type of
Container
(Size & TypeGlass, Plastic,
Metal, Fiber,
etc)
Quantity
Qquantity
Sent to
Recycled
Landfill
(Metric
(Metric
Tons)
Tons)
*Waste quantities are to be calculated and expressed in Metric tons, as per KPC
directives. The waste data form must be submitted to H&E team by the last day of
each month.
- 34 -
Waste
Disposal/
Landfill
Site
KOC
KOC Waste Management
Appendix 3
MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC WASTE STREAMS
How to use this section
For each type of waste generated a table is set out giving key information. It is based
on the recommended hierarchy of waste management:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reduce the quantity of waste generated
Reuse or recycle
Treat the waste to convert into more benign form
Dispose only if no other option is practicable
Waste type
This describes the waste to be managed.
Classification
This states whether the waste is considered to be
Hazardous or Non-hazardous.
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
If hazardous it gives the code number(s) from the Basel
Protocol and which are listed in the appendix to the EPA
regulations.
This is the recommended method of storing the waste. If
the waste is hazardous this method will often be a legal
requirement.
Priority should be given to reducing the quantity of waste
generated. This section suggests methods of reducing or
eliminating waste.*
If the generation of waste is unavoidable, the next priority
is to re-use or recycle it. This section suggests methods of
doing this.*
This section gives information about waste treatment.
Such treatment may be necessary before the waste can be
disposed (e.g. neutralisation of acids and bases) or may be
a means of disposal in itself (e.g. land farming).*
This lists disposal options. Disposal should only be carried
out if all of the above options are not practicable.*
This lists requirements in terms of monitoring (e.g.
measurements of waste characteristics to provide assurance
that it meets legal requirements) and recording (e.g. records
of waste shipments and disposals).
This section gives any other information that may be
useful, e.g. recommend PPE.
* N/A in any of these sections indicates that this option is not applicable.
In many cases these tables should give all the information necessary to manage a
particular waste stream in compliance with legal and KOC requirements. If methods
of waste management, including storage, not shown on the tables are being
considered, advice should be sought from the asset HSE Team or the corporate H&E
Team.
- 35 -
KOC
KOC Waste Management
List of wastes















































Absorbent materials
Acid, spent
Activated charcoal filter media
Aerosol cans
Asbestos-containing material
Ballast Water
Barite
Batteries, lead acid
Batteries, other
Bentonite
Biocides, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides
Blasting sand/media
Boiler Blowdown and Compressor Condensate
Blow-out preventer test fluids
Catalyst, spent
Caustics, used
Cement returns
Chemicals, surplus or unusable
Cleaning wastes
Containers, empty
Completion, workover, and well treatment fluids
Construction/demolition debris
Containers, empty
Coolants: ethylene glycol or propylene glycol
Copier toner, developer, solutions and cartridges
Cylinders
Debris contaminated by used chemicals
Debris, oil contaminated
Debris, uncontaminated
Diesel, Contaminated
Domestic refuse
Domestic and sanitary wastewater
Drill cuttings
Drilling fluids and additives, used
Drilling Mud, Water Based
Drilling Mud Liquids, Oil or Synthetic Oil Based
Drums/containers, containing unused chemicals or lube oil
Drums/containers, empty
Electrical equipment, Oil filled
Filters, lube oil
Filters, process
Fire fighting agents
Fluorescent tubes
Food
Fracturing fluids, unused
Glass
Hydrocarbon liquids
- 36 -
KOC
KOC Waste Management













































Hydrates
Hydraulic fluids
Hydrotest water
Iron sponge and iron sulfide scale, spent
Kitchen waste
Laboratory samples
Laboratory waste
Lubricating oil
Mercury, free
Metals
Methanol, used
Medical waste
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)
Oil, slop
Oil, weathered
Paint and paint wastes
Pallets
Paper/cardboard
Paraffin
PCB, oil
Pipe dope, used
Plastic
Rags, oily
Rigwash
Ropes
Rubber
Scale, pipe and equipment
Scrap metal, ferrous
Scrap metals, other
Sediment, Oil/Water Separator
Sewage
Skimmings, Oil/Water Separator
Sludge, Sewage (Biological)
Solvents, non-halogenated
Solvents, halogenated
Tank bottoms (basic sediment and water)
Tank Water Draws
Thread protectors
Tyres
Waste Oils
Water, Chemically Contaminated
Well completion, treatment, and stimulation fluids, unused
Wood
Wood (treated)
Work over wastes
- 37 -
KOC
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
KOC Waste Management
Absorbent materials, used
H 4.1
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
If contaminated with oil they may be stored with other oily
wastes, such as rags.
Prevent spills and leaks by practicing preventive
maintenance and good housekeeping.
Recover and contain used absorbent pads for recycling.
Return used absorbent pads to vendor for recycling.
N/A
Hazardous waste disposal facility.
Each use of absorbent should be recorded so that the
current stock is known.
Disposal must be recorded using transfer notes.
When absorbents are used for cleaning up oil spills the
spills must be reported using the Oil Spill Contingency
Plan reporting procedure and Incident Reporting
Procedure.
Use standard PPE (gloves, overalls) when handling.
Acid, spent
Y34, H 8, B2120
In sealed, labelled containers (preferably plastic) in
designated hazardous waste storage area. Containers
should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of
secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot
reach the ground.
Acids should be segregated from caustics and other
materials with which they could react.
Micro-meter solutions to minimize unused acid
(continuous mix versus batch mix).
Plan drilling operation to minimize volume of fluid,
thereby reducing acid requirements.
Use inventory control; e.g., a surplus chemicals exchange
network that offers unused chemicals to other company
facilities in lieu of disposal.
Use to neutralize excess caustics.
Concentrated acids may be returned to the supplier or a
commercial recycler for recycling.
If on site disposal is to be carried out, the acid must first be
neutralised. If in doubt, expert advice should be sought.
Concentrated acids should be diluted prior to
neutralisation. This must be done by adding acid to water.
Never add water to acid.
Inorganic acid wastes may be disposed, after
neutralisation, down drains.
Other acids may be disposed via a hazardous waste
disposal facility.
- 38 -
KOC
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
KOC Waste Management
Check pH of neutralised acid prior to disposal. pH must be
between 6 and 9.
Great care should be taken in handling acids, including the
use of correct PPE (gloves, goggles, etc.)
Activated charcoal filter media
H 4.1
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
N/A
Return to manufacturer.
Send to recycling facility.
N/A
Hazardous waste disposal facility.
Disposal must be recorded using transfer notes.
Beware of dust when handling. The wearing of masks may
be necessary.
Aerosol cans
Non-hazardous if empty.
Untreated cans should be segregated and may be stored in
any suitable, labelled container. Care should be taken that
they are not subject to high temperatures, which can cause
them to explode (i.e. do not leave them in sunlight during
summer months).
If empty they may be stored in skips dedicated to scrap
metal.
Use non-aerosol containers whenever possible.
Recycle metal cans at appropriate recycling facility.
Cans should be punctured, to ensure that they are empty
and crushed to reduce the volume.
If cans are drained, care should be taken with the storage
and disposal of the contents. In particular, incompatible
liquids should not be mixed.
Dispose with scrap metal.
Disposal must be recorded using transfer notes.
Devices are commercially available for the puncture,
drainage and crushing of cans.
Asbestos-containing material
Y36, H11, A2050
Double bagged, in sealed, labelled containers in designated
hazardous waste storage area.
Purchase asbestos-free products and equipment.
Maintain to keep friable (brittle) asbestos from becoming
exposed (e.g., encapsulation). Mark materials which
contain asbestos.
N/A
N/A
- 39 -
KOC
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
To hazardous waste disposal facility
Consult H&E Team on requirements for environmental
and occupational hygiene monitoring.
Disposal must be recorded using transfer notes.
The H&E Team must be informed of all asbestos disposal
operations.
Suspected asbestos must not be disturbed.
Removal of asbestos waste is a specialised job, which must
be carried out by a licensed contractor.
Ballast Water
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
On board treatment device (oil/water separator), if fitted.
To sea.
Sampling should be carried out to ensure that ballast water
is within permitted limits.
Records should be kept of all instances of taking on,
discharging or exchanging ballast.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Barite
Non-hazardous
Obtain barite in bulk containers to minimise packaging.
If obtained in bags, excess may be stored in the bags that it
was supplied in. Storage should be in a sheltered, dry area.
Care should be taken to ensure powder is not blown around
the site.
Plan well to match supply with demand.
Use solids control to minimise loss of mud.
Use any excess remaining from one well on subsequent
wells.
If no use within KOC can be found, return excess to
supplier.
N/A
Avoid disposal, if possible.
May be disposed as a non-hazardous waste in an approved
landfill site.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Care should be taken with supply contracts to ensure that
barite is supplied in bulk and that obligations are placed on
the supplier to take back excess materials.
Ensure rig sites have enough space for the storage of bulk
containers.
If possible, source barite from supplies with low associated
heavy metal content.
- 40 -
KOC
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
Batteries, lead acid
A1160
Store indoors. Avoid stockpiling.
Place same-size batteries on pallets and separate layers
with a shock-absorbing material. Shrink-wrap, band and
properly label.
Store batteries upright to protect against acid leaks through
vent holes.
Stack batteries pole side out to increase stack stability.
Stack batteries in layers preferably three high and no more
than five high.
Place cracked or leaking batteries in an acid-resistant, leakproof container such as a sturdy plastic tote.
Use other sources of electrical current whenever possible.
Trade in old batteries for new.
Return to vendor. When batteries are permanently taken
out of service, send for recycling as soon as possible.
Leaking batteries must be shipped in leak-proof containers,
separately from intact batteries.
N/A
Avoid
Shipment must be recorded using transfer notes.
Small acid spills should be contained and can be
neutralized using lime or bicarbonate soda.
Internal liquid is poisonous and corrosive.
Wear goggles and chemical resistant gloves when
handling.
Batteries, other
Includes nickel-cadmium, lithium alkali, and lead-acid
A1170
Sealed drums, or other sealed container.
Use other sources of electrical current whenever possible.
Purchase long-life batteries to decrease the number needed.
Use rechargeable batteries.
Return to vendor or manufacturer.
When batteries are permanently taken out of service, send
to recycler as soon as possible.
N/A
Avoid, if possible.
Small quantities may be mixed with general waste.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Bentonite
Non-hazardous
Obtain in bulk containers to minimise packaging.
- 41 -
KOC
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
KOC Waste Management
If obtained in bags, excess may be stored in the bags that it
was supplied in. Storage should be in a sheltered, dry area.
Care should be taken to ensure powder is not blown around
the site.
Plan well to match supply with demand.
Use solids control to minimise loss of mud.
Use any excess remaining from one well on subsequent
wells.
Return excess to supplier.
N/A
Avoid disposal, if possible.
May be disposed as a non-hazardous waste in an approved
landfill site.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Care should be taken with supply contracts to ensure that
bentonite is supplied in bulk and that obligations are placed
on the supplier to take back excess materials.
Ensure the rig is specified with enough space for the
storage of bulk containers.
Biocides, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides (used for
site or facility maintenance)
Y4, H 11, H 12, A4030
Store in the containers in which they were supplied, in a
designated, segregated area of the hazardous waste storage
area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Use a commercial application service.
Properly store and label containers to prevent degradation
and contamination.
Use all contents/material and then triple rinse the
container. Use rinsate as originally intended for the
material.
Practice good inventory control. Use excess at another
facility.
Return unused chemicals to vendor for recycling.
Send unusable chemicals to a recycler.
N/A
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Ensure correct PPE is used when handling.
Blasting sand/media
May be hazardous if contaminated with heavy metals (H
11, A1020, A1030), otherwise non-hazardous
- 42 -
KOC
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
KOC Waste Management
Store in sheltered area to prevent wind blown dust.
Use coatings that do not require sandblasting.
Use alternative methods to reduce unnecessary
sandblasting (e.g., use a paint that does not require
sandblast preparation, cathodic protection from corrosion
rather than paint, use tanks constructed of materials that do
not need to be painted).
Brush-blast and paint instead of blasting to base metal.
Reduce blasting/painting frequency.
Substitute suitable wastes (e.g., copper slag) for virgin
blast media.
Use dry ice pellets or recyclable media for some
applications.
Use lead-free paint or paints with lower levels of other
metals.
Buy in bulk hoppers to minimize sacks and pallets.
Insure that purchased sandblast grit does not contain metal
or other contaminants.
Do not allow contractors to conduct unnecessary
sandblasting and painting of their equipment on site.
If permissible, send to a cement kiln as a substitute for
feedstock.
Separate from blasted paint waste and reuse blast media.
Use as aggregate in road mix, if permissible.
If uncontaminated and permissible, use on site as a
substitute for virgin fill material.
N/A
Hazardous waste disposal site unless tests confirm that the
waste is non-hazardous.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Sand blasting should not normally be carried out on KOC
sites; alternative media should be used. The H&E Team
must be informed of any blasting operations.
Boiler Blowdown and Compressor Condensate
May be hazardous (H 6.1, H 8, H 11, H 12), depending on
LC50 toxicity test.
Dedicated vessel or in sealed, labelled containers in
designated hazardous waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
N/A
Not suitable for recycling.
Neutralization with acids may be necessary prior to
disposal.
Boiler blowdown shall be discharged to the wastewater
treatment facility.
- 43 -
KOC
KOC Waste Management
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Check for pH and oil content, if contamination is possible.
Waste is composed primarily of wastewater containing
water-softening chemicals and has a high pH; it is also
likely to contain oil in emulsified form.
Wear goggles and chemically resistant gloves when
handling.
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Blow-out preventer test fluids
A3020
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Collect leakage to avoid soil contamination.
Return test fluids to system if uncontaminated.
Fluids are normally flared during the test procedure.
Residual fluids should be drained and returned to the
hazardous waste disposal facility.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Catalyst, spent
B1120
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Substitute a less hazardous catalyst.
Use catalyst completely before removing from system.
Operate the system to prevent contamination.
Regenerate spent catalyst, if possible.
Send to recycler for metals recovery.
If uncontaminated and permissible, use on site as fill
material.
N/A
Hazardous waste disposal facility.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Caustics, used
Y35, H 8, B2120
In sealed, labelled containers (normally plastic) in
designated hazardous waste storage area, ensuring that they
are segregated from acids and other incompatible wastes.
If the caustic is liquid, the containers should stand in or
above a drip tray, or other means of secondary
containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the
ground.
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Classification
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Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
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KOC Waste Management
For gas treatment, consider alternate recyclable products.
Plan drilling operation to minimize volume of fluid,
thereby reducing caustic requirements.
Use inventory control; e.g., a surplus chemicals exchange
network that offers unused chemicals to other company
facilities in lieu of disposal.
Return unused caustic to vendor.
Reuse to neutralize excess acids.
Caustics should be neutralized before disposal.
Neutralized solutions may be disposed to drains.
If solutions are not neutralized they must be disposed
through the hazardous waste contractor.
Neutralised solutions should be checked to ensure pH is
between 6 and 9.
If dilution is necessary it should always be done by adding
the caustic to water, never water to caustic.
Cement returns
Normally non-hazardous
Dedicated vessel.
Calculate cement needs carefully to excess cement
mixture.
Use cement in other projects, such as erosion prevention.
Require vendors to use non-hazardous cement additives
Return unused dry cement to vendor.
Solid cement may be reclaimed if not contaminated.
N/A
Approved non-hazardous landfill site.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Be aware of risk of solidification in storage vessels.
Chemicals, surplus or unusable
(May be hazardous)
Normally H 6.1 and/or H 11
Each chemical should be stored separately, preferably in
the container in which it was supplied.
Storage should be in a dedicated hazardous waste storage
area.
Containers of liquids should stand in or above a drip tray,
or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that
any leakage cannot reach the ground. Incompatible
chemicals should be stored apart.
Use inventory control; e.g., a surplus chemicals exchange
network that offers unused chemicals to other company
facilities in lieu of recycling, treatment or disposal. Label
and store chemicals properly (e.g., protect containers from
weather and keep covered).
Purchase chemicals in bulk with supplier retaining
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Waste type
Classification
Storage
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Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
ownership of containers.
Calculate chemical needs carefully to avoid surplus.
Use all of the product. Transfer for use at other sites or find
alternate uses.
Use non-hazardous products whenever possible.
Minimize the use and variety of similar-use chemicals
when one chemical is suitable.
Return surplus to vendor.
Donate surplus laboratory chemicals to a school or college.
Send to a recycler.
Dependent on chemical.
Not normally applicable.
To approved hazardous waste disposal contractor.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Care should be taken with supply contracts to ensure that
chemicals are supplied in bulk whenever practicable and
that obligations are placed on the supplier to take back
excess materials.
Ensure the rig is specified with enough space for the
storage of bulk containers.
Cleaning wastes
May be H 6.1 and/or H 11
In sealed, labelled containers. If hazardous, these should
be stored in a dedicated hazardous wastes storage area
segregated from incompatible wastes.
If the waste is liquid, containers should stand in or above a
drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to
ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.
Minimize drips, leaks and spills by practicing good
housekeeping.
Wipe with recyclable rags rather than washing with
cleanser or chemical.
Use high pressure, low volume washing equipment.
Avoid use of cleaning solvents whenever possible.
Regenerate cleansers or cleaning solvents for reuse.
Send to a recycler.
N/A
To approved hazardous/non-hazardous waste disposal
facility.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Completion, workover, and well treatment fluids
May be hazardous, dependent on material involved.
In sealed, labelled containers or dedicated vessels in
designated hazardous waste storage area, if appropriate.
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KOC Waste Management
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Plan the job carefully to reduce excess fluids.
Use less toxic substitutes for chemicals and products.
Use improved acidizing technology and inhibition
technology to decrease the frequency of well workovers
and formation treatments.
Use leftover, excess fluids on other jobs.
Return all unused treatment fluids to the supplier.
N/A
Hazardous waste disposal facility unless confirmed as nonhazardous.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Consult H&E Team if in doubt as to the hazardous nature
and disposal options for the material.
Construction/demolition debris
Includes: Spoil, vegetation, wood
Non-hazardous
In designated non-hazardous waste storage area.
Segregate metal waste and handle separately.
Plan site to minimize size.
Minimize demolition requirements.
Consider portable pads or skid-mounted equipment.
Use high-density polyethylene liners rather than concrete.
Crush uncontaminated concrete for use as aggregate.
Compost vegetation and use as soil supplement. Chip
uncontaminated wood to use as mulch.
Sell for reuse.
N/A
Approved non -hazardous landfill.
Disposal must be recorded in asset log or using transfer
notes.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Containers, empty
Non-hazardous, if clean.
Containers shall be empty of all free liquids prior to
disposal.
To be considered empty if:

all hydrocarbon waste has been removed that can be
removed by mechanical means; there is < 1” residue
or 3% by weight of the total capacity of the container
(less than 110 gal) remains.

container held a corrosive, it shall be triple rinsed and
the rinsate must be handled as a hazardous waste if it
exhibits the characteristics.
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container held an acute hazardous waste (other than
corrosive), container must be cleaned by another
method before it can be considered empty.
Buy materials in bulk, whenever practicable.
Metal, plastic and glass containers should be recycled
whenever practicable.
Containers will normally be crushed, to reduce volume,
prior to storage.
If containers are drained, care should be taken with the
storage and disposal of the contents. In particular,
incompatible liquids should not be mixed.
Non hazardous landfill site.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Coolants: ethylene glycol or propylene glycol
H 11
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Use a less toxic substitute for ethylene glycol (e.g.,
propylene glycol).
Regenerate on site by filtration (if not thermally degraded).
Send to a recycler.
N/A
Hazardous waste disposal facility.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Coolants are water-soluble and therefore not suitable for
discharge to an oil/water separator. They may also contain
toxic compounds or impurities, so it shall not be allowed to
enter storm drains, surface water, or an on-site septic tank
system.
Copier toner, developer, solutions and cartridges
Assume to be hazardous unless established otherwise.
In original packaging, if possible.
Take care to avoid spillage of fluids.
Buy recycled cartridges.
Buy what you need and use what you buy.
Return empty containers and used components to the
supplier or manufacturer.
N/A
Avoid
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
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Comments
Return of used materials to suppliers/manufacturer should
be co-ordinated centrally.
Waste type
Classification
Debris contaminated by used chemicals
May be hazardous (e.g. H 11, H 12), depending on type
and degree of contamination.
In dedicated waste storage areas, hazardous or nonhazardous, as appropriate. Primary containment in skips or
sealed containers may be necessary depending on nature of
contamination.
Use proper containers, keep lids on containers and store
properly to prevent overflow or spillage.
Install containment to allow for better recovery of spills.
N/A
Contamination by organic materials, such as solvents, may
be reduced by landfarming.
If hazardous disposal must be via a hazardous waste
disposal facility. Otherwise at an approved non-hazardous
disposal site.
Leachate test may be necessary to determine classification.
All shipments and disposals must be recorded using waste
transfer notes.
Contact H&E Team for expert advice.
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Debris, oil contaminated
H 4.1
In sealed containers in hazardous waste storage area.
Develop operational procedures that prevent contamination
with crude oil by keeping areas clear of debris.
Use leak-proof storage containers.
N/A
Landfarming may be possible, depending on type of debris.
Hazardous waste disposal facility.
Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer
notes.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Debris, uncontaminated
Normally non-hazardous
Store in labelled containers/skips.
Do not mix with material that is contaminated or may be
hazardous.
Recycle paper, metal, cardboard, aluminium cans
whenever possible.
Approved non-hazardous waste disposal area.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
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Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Diesel, Contaminated
H3
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Ensure diesel storage vessels are well maintained and
regularly inspected.
Return to recycling facility or direct to refinery.
Introduce into product stream.
N/A
Avoid.
Use hazardous waste disposal facility only as a last resort.
Shipment must be recorded using transfer notes.
Domestic refuse
Includes: Food waste, packaging material, paper, plastic,
styrofoam, cooking oils and greases, and other trash
Non-hazardous
Classified as Y47 if collected from households.
Segregate recyclable materials.
Store in skips or drums.
Do not mix household chemicals, e.g. vinegar and bleach.
Reduce packaging; buy in bulk.
Purchase and prepare only what is needed; avoid surplus.
Purchase higher quality materials with longer use cycles.
Use washable mugs, cups, plates, and utensils.
Prepare fewer fried foods.
Copy on both sides of the paper (duplex copying).
Purchase recycled/recyclable materials.
Use microbes and enzymes to control grease in traps.
Obtain agreements to send packaging waste back to the
vendor for reuse or recycling.
Set up recycle bins for wood, paper, newspapers, plastic,
glass, cardboard, aluminium, and other metals (i.e., food
cans).
Reuse waste paper or styrofoam as packaging materials
and fillers.
Send used cooking oils, grease and fat to a rendering or
reclamation facility for reuse.
Compost food and other biodegradable waste to use as soil
additive.
N/A
To approved waste disposal facility if waste contains
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putrifiable materials (e.g. food). If waste is inert, it may be
disposed of on company approved disposal site.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Domestic and sanitary wastewater
H 6.2
N/A
Use low flow and low water use toilets, showers and
faucets.
Repair or replace leaking equipment.
Use treated water as facility washdown water or to water
grasses, plants, etc.
Use digested sewage sludge for agricultural purpose, if
permissible.
On site biological treatment unit, if fitted
Untreated effluent should be taken to a municipal sewage
treatment plant.
Treated effluent may be discharged to drains or to sea.
Samples of effluent may need to be taken to check
compliance with regulatory requirements.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Detergents and cleaning agent must not interfere with the
operation of the effluent plant. Chlorine bleaches should
be avoided as should some enzyme containing cleaners.
Drill cuttings
Hazardous (H 11, H 13) unless leach test proves otherwise.
Open top skip or other bulk storage container.
Minimize hole size (if feasible) when drilling.
Drill horizontal holes if feasible to reduce number of wells
required.
Carefully design and monitor drilling mud programs to
minimize caving, etc.
Substitute organic additives, polymers, or biodegradable
additives for oil-based mud to reduce costs associated with
cleanup of oil-based drill cuttings.
Optimise solids control to ensure that the amount of mud
associated with the cuttings is minimised.
Treated cuttings may be used as construction materials or
for in-fill.
The following treatment options are not suitable if oil
based muds are used: Landfarming.
 Thermal desorption.
Re-inject if practicable
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If cuttings are non-hazardous they may be disposed of at an
approved KOC disposal site.
If cuttings are hazardous they must be taken to a hazardous
waste disposal facility.
Leach tests may be required to determine whether the
cuttings are considered to be hazardous.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Drilling fluids and additives, used
Hazardous (H 11, H 13), unless toxicity test confirms
otherwise
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Use a closed-loop mud system whenever possible to reduce
volumes of drilling fluid wastes.
Use solids control technology (e.g., chemically enhanced
centrifuge) to recover water from drilling mud and reserve
pit.
Optimize solids control (e.g., hydrocyclones or
centrifuges) to minimize need to dilute mud.
Use low solids, non-dispersed muds whenever drilling
conditions allow it.
Use an inside-diameter wiping tool for drill pipe to
minimize loss of drilling fluid (can save approximately 0.4
barrels of drilling fluid per 1,000 feet of drill pipe).
Use inventory control and careful planning to avoid unused
materials.
Use all of the product whenever possible.
Transfer unused additives for use at other sites.
Use products low in toxicity whenever possible.
Carefully screen barite weighting agents for naturally
occurring concentrations of heavy metals, particularly
mercury and cadmium.
Substitute organic additives, polymers, or biodegradable
additives for oil-based mud to reduce toxicity.
Use lubricants such as lubra beads and gilsonite-based
additives for spotting fluids, rather than diesel oil.
Have a drilling mud recycler pick up waste drilling mud
for reconditioning and reuse.
Condition mud for reuse in drilling next well.
Reuse waste drilling mud for upcoming well spudding or
plugging operations.
Return surplus additives to vendor.
Return oil-based mud to vendor for recycling.
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Storage
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Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
KOC Waste Management
Reuse water-based mud whenever possible.
N/A
Certified hazardous waste disposal facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors or
suppliers must be recorded using transfer notes.
Care should be taken with supply contracts to ensure that
whenever possible materials are supplied in bulk and that
obligations are placed on the supplier to take back excess.
Drilling Mud, Water Based
Hazardous (H 11, H 12) unless toxicity test confirms
otherwise
In bulk containers.
Use a closed-loop mud system whenever possible to reduce
volumes of drilling fluid wastes.
Use solids control technology (e.g., chemically enhanced
centrifuge) to recover water from drilling mud and reserve
pit.
Optimize solids control (e.g., hydrocyclones or
centrifuges) to minimize need to dilute mud.
Use low solids, non-dispersed muds whenever drilling
conditions allow it.
Use an inside-diameter wiping tool for drill pipe to
minimize loss of drilling fluid (can save approximately 0.4
barrels of drilling fluid per 1,000 feet of drill pipe).
Use inventory control and careful planning to avoid unused
materials.
Use all of the product whenever possible.
Transfer unused additives for use at other sites.
Use products low in toxicity whenever possible.
Carefully screen barite weighting agents for naturally
occurring concentrations of heavy metals, particularly
mercury and cadmium.
Have a drilling mud recycler pick up waste drilling mud
for reconditioning and reuse.
Condition mud for reuse in drilling next well.
Reuse waste drilling mud for upcoming well spudding or
plugging operations.
Return surplus additives to vendor.
Reuse water-based mud whenever possible.
N/A
Certified hazardous waste disposal facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors or
suppliers must be recorded using transfer notes.
Care should be taken with supply contracts to ensure that
whenever possible materials are supplied in bulk and that
obligations are placed on the supplier to take back excess.
Ensure the rig is specified with enough space for the
storage of bulk containers.
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Storage
Reduction
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Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
KOC Waste Management
Drilling Mud Liquids, Oil or Synthetic Oil Based
Hazardous (H 11, H 12) unless toxicity test confirms
otherwise
Store in bulk whenever practicable. If this is not possible
used mud should be stored in sealed, labelled containers in
designated hazardous waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Use a closed-loop mud system whenever possible to reduce
volumes of drilling fluid wastes.
Use solids control technology (e.g., chemically enhanced
centrifuge) to recover water from drilling mud and reserve
pit.
Optimize solids control (e.g., hydrocyclones or
centrifuges) to minimize need to dilute mud.
Use low solids, non-dispersed muds whenever drilling
conditions allow it.
Use an inside-diameter wiping tool for drill pipe to
minimize loss of drilling fluid (can save approximately 0.4
barrels of drilling fluid per 1,000 feet of drill pipe).
Use inventory control and careful planning to avoid unused
materials.
Use all of the product whenever possible.
Transfer unused additives for use at other sites.
Use products low in toxicity whenever possible.
Carefully screen barite weighting agents for naturally
occurring concentrations of heavy metals, particularly
mercury and cadmium.
Substitute organic additives, polymers, or biodegradable
additives for oil-based mud to reduce toxicity.
Use lubricants such as lubra beads and gilsonite-based
additives for spotting fluids, rather than diesel oil.
Have a drilling mud recycler pick up waste drilling mud
for reconditioning and reuse.
Condition mud for reuse in drilling next well.
Reuse waste drilling mud for upcoming well spudding or
plugging operations.
Return surplus additives to vendor.
Return mud to vendor for recycling.
N/A
Certified hazardous waste disposal facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors or
suppliers must be recorded using transfer notes.
Care should be taken with supply contracts to ensure that
whenever possible materials are supplied in bulk and that
obligations are placed on the supplier to take back excess.
Ensure the rig is specified with enough space for the
storage of bulk containers.
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Storage
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Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
Drums/containers, containing unused chemicals or lube
oil
Contents may be hazardous (refer to appropriate table)
If appropriate, store in designated hazardous waste storage
area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Use the remaining chemical or lube oil for its intended
propose whenever possible before disposing of drum. (See
Chemicals, surplus.)
Switch to purchase of chemicals in bulk containers,
reducing the amount of drums requiring handling. Added
benefit: less drum handling results in fewer spills and
releases requiring cleanup of contaminated soil or debris.
Return unused chemical, in original drum/container
(properly sealed and labelled), to vendor.
Reuse cleaned drums for other purposes (e.g., storage and
transfer of non-hazardous waste).
If drum can be properly emptied: triple rinse, and recycle
drum (add the rinse water to the chemical stream).
Recycle empty drums/containers whenever possible.
If drums are not suitable for re-use they may be crushed to
reduce their volume.
To certified hazardous waste disposal facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Drums/containers, empty
Non-hazardous if clean
If clean, may be stored in non-hazardous waste storage
area.
Switch to purchase of materials and chemicals in bulk
containers, reducing the amount of drums requiring
handling. Added benefit: less drum handling results in
fewer spills and releases requiring cleanup (of
contaminated soil).
Purchase materials in returnable/recyclable drums and
containers.
Return undamaged drums/containers to vendor or send to a
drum reconditioner/recycler.
Reuse uncontaminated drums for other purposes (e.g.,
storage and transfer of nonhazardous waste).
Containers shall be empty of all free liquids prior to
disposal.
To be considered empty if:
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all hydrocarbon waste has been removed that can be
removed by mechanical means; there is < 1” residue
or 3% by weight of the total capacity of the container
(less than 110 gal) remains.

container held a corrosive, it shall be triple rinsed and
the rinsate must be handled as a hazardous waste if it
exhibits the characteristics.
container held an acute hazardous waste (other than
corrosive), container must be cleaned by another method
before it can be considered empty.
If drums are not suitable for re-use they may be crushed to
reduce their volume.
Approved KOC waste disposal site.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Electrical equipment, oil-filled (less than 50 parts per
million polychlorinated biphenyl content) and out of
service
Includes: Capacitors, transformers, switches, heat transfer
fluids
A1180
In skips, or other suitable containers, in designated
hazardous waste storage area. Sealed containers should be
labelled.
If putting back into service, do not refill or service with
oils containing more than 50 ppm PCBs.
Refurbish and reuse or sell for reuse.
Recycle oils into production stream.
Send scrap equipment to a metal recycler.
Burn oil for energy recovery if permissible (PCB content
may prohibit this option; check appropriate regulations).
N/A
Approved hazardous waste facility - only as a last option.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Filters, lube oil
H 11
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
When handling filters, take precautions to prevent oil
spillage and the contamination of soil, etc.
Change filters only when necessary. Use differential
pressure as an indicator of needed change.
Use stainless steel, reusable filters.
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Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
Evaluate applicability of filterless centrifugal oil cleaning.
(Use "spinners" to replace or lengthen oil filter life.)
Install lubricating oil purification equipment to reduce
frequency of conventional filter replacement.
Isolate all drained fluids in a resealable container for
recycling. (See Oil, Lube.)
Before recycling spent filters, drain all free liquids from
the cartridge or filter media into a container. Oil filters
should be punctured on the dome end and allowed to "hotdrain" for 12 to 24 hours. Hot draining is simply draining
the filters immediately after taking them off a hot engine.
Send to a recycling facility.
Drain—no free flowing liquids—prior to loading in the
filter container
Spin-on, steel encased type filters: best procedure is to
puncture the dome end of the warm filter, invert and drain
for 8 hours or longer or until the filter stops dripping. If
unable to puncture, drain upright for 24 or more hours.
Cool filters require longer drain time.
Exotics (filters with activated carbon, fiberglass, or
ceramic clay filter elements) shall also be drained and will
possibly need to be segregated from other filters if the
event filters are recycled.
Crushing the filter after this process will remove even
more oil. After draining, the filters should be stored in a
sealed, labeled container. Many recycling operators will
provide you with these storage containers. If recycling is
not a viable option, drained filters may be landfilled as a
nonhazardous waste.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Filters, process
May be hazardous, depending on usage.
In sealed, labelled containers in designated (hazardous)
waste storage area.
Use or retrofit with stainless steel, reusable filters to reduce
the volume of filters requiring recycling or disposal.
Change filters only when necessary. Use differential
pressure as an indicator of needed change.
Evaluate applicability of filterless centrifugal oil cleaning.
(Use "spinners" to replace or lengthen oil filter life.)
Before disposing of spent filters, drain all free liquids from
the cartridge or filter media into a container. Recycle back
through production stream, on the lease from which the
filters are generated.
N/A
Certified hazardous waste facility.
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KOC Waste Management
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Fire fighting agents
May be hazardous (H 12)
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area, if appropriate.
If the agents are liquid, the containers should stand in or
above a drip tray, or other means of secondary
containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the
ground.
Convert to less toxic alternatives.
Eliminate the use of halon extinguishers.
Avoid the use of dry agents when water will suffice.
Contact with vendor to maintain fire fighting equipment
and take back all unused fire fighting agents.
N/A
Return to supplier or send to certified hazardous waste
facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Fluoroprotein and similar agents, although not toxic, are
potentially polluting to water courses due to their high
BOD.
Fluorescent tubes
B2020
Tubes should normally be stored intact. Special containers
are commercially available for this purpose.
Return to manufacturer or to specialist company for
recycling.
Tubes may be crushed, in order to save space, but this is
not recommended unless specialist equipment is used.
Certified hazardous waste disposal facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Tubes contain mercury, which if released is a health
hazard.
Food
Non-hazardous
Avoid storage. Dispose as soon as practicable.
Reduce packaging; buy in bulk.
Purchase and prepare only what is needed; avoid surplus.
Prepare fewer fried foods.
Use microbes and enzymes to control grease in traps.
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KOC
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
Send used cooking oils, grease and fat to a rendering or
reclamation facility for reuse.
Compost food and other biodegradable waste to use as soil
additive.
N/A
To certified disposal facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Fracturing fluids, unused
H 11, A3020
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Use "mix-on-the-fly" systems for frac fluids.
Plan frac job carefully to avoid mixing unnecessary fluids.
Recycle unused oil back into production stream.
N/A
Certified hazardous waste disposal facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Glass
B2020
If glass is to be recycled, it may be necessary to store clear
and coloured glass separately.
Buy materials in bulk, to reduce the number of containers.
Return to recycling centre
N/A
May be landfilled, but only as a last resort.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Hydrocarbon liquids
Y8
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area. Container may need to be fitted with a
flame arrestor if the contents are highly flammable.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Reduction
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KOC
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
Reclaim and manage as product.
Blend with product.
N/A
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Hydrates
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Inject methanol or glycol to inhibit hydrate formation.
Melt in place.
Return to water treating system to recover any contained
hydrocarbons.
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Hydraulic fluids
Y8, A3020
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Reduce risk of leaks by ensuring equipment is well
maintained and hoses regularly inspected.
Introduce into production stream at facility where
generated.
Recycle whenever possible.
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Consider use of biodegradable fluids, which are less
harmful to the environment if spilt.
Hydrotest water
Non-hazardous
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KOC
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
KOC Waste Management
Not normally practical, although storage may be possible
in ponds.
Conduct tests only when necessary. Use of "smart pigs" or
ultrasonic devices to test wall thickness or holidays may
enable better targeting of pipeline sections requiring
pressure testing or replacement.
Efficiently pig and pre-clean pipelines prior to hydrotesting
to reduce the toxicity of the hydrotest water.
Use produced water for hydrotesting rather than fresh
water (reduction in use of water).
Avoid chemical treatments where possible.
Select treatment chemicals with low toxicity.
Hydrostatic tank tests shall be performed when possible
following tank cleaning in order to minimize
contamination.Reuse hydrotest water in other tests.
Neutralize, if necessary.
To sea.
Conduct testing to ensure water meets water quality
standards.
Model at point of release to confirm that discharge is
adequately dispersed.
Iron sponge and iron sulfide scale, spent
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Consider alternative methods of removing hydrogen
sulfide from gas stream.
Treat production streams with biocide or scale inhibitor to
reduce iron sulfide formation.
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
This is unlikely to be a significant problem as gas streams
are low in H2S.
Laboratory samples
Hazardous, unless it can be demonstrated otherwise.
It may be necessary to segregate wastes, either to prevent
reaction of incompatible wastes or when wastes have
differing recycling, treatment or disposal requirements.
Where appropriate, wastes may be aggregated into bulk
containers, such as drums.
Collect only the amount necessary for analysis.
Minimize testing; sample and analyze no more often than
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KOC
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
required.
Use test methods /procedures which generate no or less
waste (e.g., colorimetric testing).
Use process knowledge instead of testing.
Depends on nature of waste.
Hazardous waste facility
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Laboratory waste
Hazardous, unless it can be demonstrated otherwise.
It may be necessary to segregate wastes, either to prevent
reaction of incompatible wastes or when wastes have
differing recycling, treatment or disposal requirements.
Where appropriate, wastes may be aggregated into bulk
containers, such as drums.
Segregate waste chemicals (i.e., keep hazardous and
nonhazardous waste chemicals separate) to reduce the
amount of hazardous waste for management.
Buy only the amount and size necessary.
Use test methods which generate less or no waste.
Sell excess unused chemicals.
Send laboratory wastes to a recycler.
Provide excess laboratory chemicals to schools for their
use.
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Lubricating oil
Y8, A3020
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Minimize the volume of lube oil by extending its use.
Test oil and extend its use based on wear vs. accumulated
operating hours. (Note: Many lubricating oil suppliers offer
testing service at no charge.)
Install lubricating oil purification equipment on engines to
eliminate the need for lubricating oil changes.
Practice preventative maintenance to reduce leaks and
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KOC
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
drips.
Contract with service company to purify and regenerate oil
for reuse rather than replacing with new lubricating oil.
Consider use of synthetic oil.
Use oil additives that improve engine and oil performance.
Recycle back into production stream on facility where
generated. (Note: Ensure that no conflict arises with
purchaser or refiner.)
Send to a recycling facility.
Hazardous wastes facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Mercury, free
Y29, H11, A1030
Metallic mercury and mercury compounds shall be
collected in thick-walled high-density polyethylene
containers. These should be stored within a second
container. Both containers should be kept closed, clearly
labelled, and brought to the hazardous waste storage area
for mercury contaminated waste in preparation for
disposal.
Replace mercury manometers, level switches, flow meters
and gas meters with electronic (digital) instruments.
Do not use mercury in operations.
Send to mercury recycler.
N/A
N/A
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Methanol, used
H3
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Use all of the product whenever possible.
Send to a recycling facility.
N\A
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
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KOC
KOC Waste Management
Comments
Soluble in water. Do not allow to enter drains. Poisonous.
Wear goggles and chemical resistant gloves.
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Medical waste
Y1, H6.2, A4020
Collect in double bagged fiberboard boxes with the
biohazard label.
Sharps should be collected in “Sharps” containers.
Move to hazardous waste storage area in preparation for
disposal.
Avoid long storage periods.
N\A
N\A
N\A
Local hospital or other facility that has a hazardous waste
incinerator.
With agreement from the authorities (MoE), it may be
acceptable to dispose of small quantities of medical waste
in an on site incinerator.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM),
NORM-containing materials
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Periodic monitoring for accumulations of NORM may
minimize potential risks and liabilities.
Use scale inhibitors where NORM scale accumulates.
Circulate inhibitor in well or inject inhibitor into producing
formation.
Avoid mixing incompatible produced waters which will
result in scale formation.
Design facility to reduce locations prone to scale formation
(e.g., large pressure drops and unnecessary pipe elbows).
Do not mix NORM with other materials.
Dually complete oil zone and water zone to allow water to
be produced simultaneously but separately from oil and to
allow control of water coning (research indicates that water
production may be reduced by as much as half, thereby
reducing exposure to NORM of production equipment
carrying the oil stream).
Use polymer injection to reduce permeability to water in
the production zone, thereby reducing the volume of
radionuclide-containing water produced.
Use rock plugging with gel slugs to block off water
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KOC
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
production in completions where there is a discernible
separation of the oil and water zones.
Carefully design gravel packs and other well screening
procedures to reduce the volume of NORM-contaminated
formation sand (coated by NORM scale) that is produced.
Coat material surfaces with chemicals at critical points in
the production system to reduce the availability of
nucleation points for NORM-containing scale formation.
Reinject NORM-containing produced water (containing
scale inhibitors) for enhanced recovery, (preferably into the
same zone from which it was produced), as soon as
possible after initial production to increase the amount of
NORM returned to the subsurface and decreasing
thepotential for the precipitation of NORM-containing
scale in surface equipment.
Store NORM-contaminated waste in either tanks or lined
pits which will accommodate the eventual recovery and
proper disposal of the NORM-contaminated waste. The
contamination of soils with NORM may be averted by not
storing NORM containing produced water or other waste
in earthen pits, thereby decreasing the volume of NORMcontaminated waste.
Provide NORM management procedures training for
employees involved with the operation and maintenance of
affected production facilities.
Clean NORM-contaminated scale from pipe and
equipment to minimize the volume of NORMcontaminated waste requiring disposal and allow the
recycling of the pipe and equipment. However, restrictions
on the level of radioactivity of the NORM-contaminated
waste may be imposed.
Use of NORM-contaminated waste (metals) as feedstock at
smelters may be a potential method of recycling. However,
restrictions on the level of radioactivity of the NORMcontaminated waste may be imposed.
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Oil, slop
H3
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Install a mechanical stirrer inside slop oil tank to keep
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KOC
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
sediment in suspension.
Implement the use of `canned submersible pumps' to
replace conventional impeller type pumps used for fluid
transfer service. Eliminates leaks from impeller pump seals
and gear boxes.
Recycle back into production stream.
Send to refinery to be added to production stream.
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Oil, weathered
H 11
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Pick up free liquids or solids spilled as soon as possible
after the spill is contained. Recycle back into production
stream.
Prevent spills or waste whenever possible.
N/A
Landfarming.
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Paint and paint wastes
Y12, B4010
Solid waste may be stored in open skips or drums.
Cans may be treated as metal waste and stored with other
scrap metals.
Liquids should be stored in sealed, labelled containers in
designated hazardous waste storage area.
Containers containing liquids should stand in or above a
drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to
ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.
Paint less frequently; only when necessary.
Buy in bulk and only the volume needed. Use all of the
product before it becomes unusable.
Size paint batches systematically to specific jobs.
Eliminate the use of lead paint; use waterbase, lead-free
paint or high-solids coatings.
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KOC
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
Buy less toxic, less volatile paints and solvents. Purchase
paints with greater durability.
Paint contractor should be responsible for the proper
management of unused paint, solvents, and empty
containers.
Reduce and control overspray. Use a brush for small jobs
rather than spraying.
Keep containers closed to reduce evaporation.
Ensure paint containers are completely emptied and dried.
Use separate solvents and/or containers for each paint
color. When solvent is spent use it as a thinner for that
particular color.
Send used solvents to a recycler
Recycle containers as scrap metal.
N/A
Hazardous waste disposal facility.
Old
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Pallets
Non-hazardous
Stack carefully
Buy materials in skid-mounted bulk hoppers or containers.
Purchase recycled plastic pallets, which have a longer life
than wooden pallets.
Reuse pallets.
Return pallets to the vendor.
Send wooden pallets to a pallet or wood recycler.
N/A
Broken pallets may be landfilled.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Paper/cardboard
Non-hazardous
Bale, or seal in labelled containers, and store in dry area
Only print documents if essential.
Recycle if possible.
N/A
Approved landfill.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
- 67 -
KOC
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
Paraffin
H3
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Investigate the feasibility of installing magnetic fluid
conditioner(s) to prevent paraffin formation.
Use paraffin inhibitor chemicals.
Collect solidified paraffin in tanks, mix with paraffin
solvent, and recycle back into production stream.
Send mechanically removed paraffin to a recycler.
Use hot-oil treatment to dissolve paraffin in well and flow
lines; send to production.
N/A
Certified hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Recycling within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
PCB, oil
Y10, H 11, H 12, A3180
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Replace any electrical equipment that is determined to be
PCB containing with non-PCB containing, electrical
equipment.
Note: Cleanup of PCB spills and contaminated soils is
regulated by both RCRA and TSCA. Special Handling:
Contact your Health and Safety Coordinator immediately!
N/A
N/A
Hazardous waste facility.
Under no circumstances should PCBs be incinerated
except at a specialised facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Pipe dope, used
May be hazardous (H 11) depending on composition.
In sealed, labelled containers in designated storage area.
Choose biodegradable, lead-free pipe dope.
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KOC
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
Use all of the product whenever possible.
Minimize waste, conserve compound for use at the next
job.
All drilling, well servicing, pipeline, and other contractors
should be responsible for unused and waste pipe dope and
containers.
N/A
N/A
Certified waste disposal facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Plastic
B3010
If practicable segregate differing plastic types (especially
PVC). Store in sealed containers in designated storage
area.
Plastics may be recycled, provided they have been
adequately segregated according to type.
N/A
Landfill at certified disposal facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Rags, oily
H 4.1
Collect oily rags in open head metal container or drum
Label
Store in hazardous waste storage area in preparation for
disposal.
Note that oily rags can by pyrophoric and cause
spontaneous combustion.
Maintain equipment and facilities to prevent drips, leaks,
and spills which would require cleanup.
Use drip pans or other containment devices to collect leaks,
drips or accidental spills. Empty containment devices
properly.
Keep separate from other wastes and wash for reuse.
Send to recycler.
N/A
Certified hazardous waste disposal facility
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
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KOC
KOC Waste Management
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Rigwash
Non-hazardous
Not normally practicable.
Prudent use of water in rig maintenance.
Use high-pressure, low-volume hose nozzles with
automatic cutoffs.
Set up a regular maintenance program for water systems to
reduce leaks and drips.
Remove paint solids from water arrestor holding tanks with
a centrifuge or cyclone system.
Reduce rigwash use by sweeping or other dry cleaning
when feasible.
Collect rigwash in tanks rather than earthen pits.
Collect and reuse rigwash for subsequent rig washdowns or
for first stage washing of equipment.
Use as make-up water in drilling and completion
operations.
N/A
To effluent treatment facility
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Rubber
B3040
In designated storage area.
N/A
N/A
Landfill at approved site.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Scale, pipe and equipment
Scale may be classified as hazardous
Pipe and equipment may be stored in a laydown area.
Scale should be stored in sealed, labelled containers in a
designated (hazardous) waste storage area.
Use scale inhibitors. Circulate inhibitor in well or inject
inhibitor into producing formation.
Avoid mixing incompatible produced waters which will
result in scale formation.
Design facility to reduce locations prone to scale formation
(e.g., large pressure drops and unnecessary pipe elbows).
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KOC
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
Dually complete oil zone and water zone to allow water to
be produced simultaneously but separately from oil and to
allow control of water coning (research indicates that water
production may be reduced by as much as half, thereby
reducing scale formation in production equipment carrying
the oil stream).
Use polymer injection to reduce permeability to water in
the production zone, thereby reducing the volume of water
produced which is the source of scale.
Use rock plugging with gel slugs to block off water
production in completions where there is a discernible
separation of the oil and water zones.
Coat material surfaces with chemicals at critical points in
the production system to reduce the availability of
nucleation points for scale formation.
Clean scale from pipe and equipment and recycle the pipe
and equipment.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Scrap metal, ferrous
Non-hazardous
In skips. In designated storage area.
If clean, re-use for structural steel provided it has been
verified as being safe to do so.
Send to scrap metal recycling centre.
N/A
Avoid.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Scrap metals, other
B1050
In skips, segregating different metal types as appropriate.
In designated storage area.
Send to scrap metal recycling centre.
N/A
Avoid.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
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KOC
KOC Waste Management
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Sediment, Oil/Water Separator
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
N/A
N/A
May be suitable for landfarming.
If hazardous, sediment shall be disposed as specified for
hazardous waste.
If non-hazardous, sediment can be landfilled or
incinerated.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Separator sediment may contain hydrocarbons and small
amounts of heavy metals. Therefore, it must be tested in
order to determine proper disposal.
Skimmings, Oil/Water Separator
Y9, H 3
In bulk container, if practicable. Otherwise in sealed,
labelled containers in designated (hazardous) waste storage
area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
N/A
Return to process stream.
N/A
Hazardous wastes facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Sludge, Sewage (Biological)
H 6.2
If possible, uplift direct to disposal site using dedicated
transport. If this is not possible, it should be stored in
sealed labelled, drums in hazardous waste storage area.
Ensure sewage treatment plant is working as designed
through a program of inspections and monitoring.
N/A
N/A
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KOC
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
With the agreement of the authorities it may be possible to
dispose of this material by landfarming. Otherwise,
dispose at a sewage treatment works or a certified
hazardous waste disposal site.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
EPA regulations appendices 11-11 to 11-16 stipulate
maximum permitted concentrations of pollutants in sewage
sludge that is used in agricultural and other purposes.
Solvents (organic solvents used in cleaning and
degreasing equipment) - non-halogenated
Y6, Y42, H 3, A3140
Collect in designated drums. Do NOT overfill.
When drum is full, label and move to designated hazardous
waste storage area. .
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
It may be necessary to use containers fitted with flame
arrestors if the solvent is highly flammable.
Use water-based solvents or soap cleaners that are
biodegradable whenever possible.
Substitute nonhazardous surfactants (soap) for hazardous
solvents (mineral spirits) for equipment cleaning.
Use up all solvent in container, ensuring no residue
remains.
Minimize amount of solvent being lost during cleaning or
maintenance; for example, use drip pans to collect solvent
for reuse.
Use high-pressure water, steam or other non-toxic solvents
to clean equipment.
Keep solvent containers tightly covered when not in use to
decrease loss due to vaporization.
Use inventory control to minimize volume of unnecessary
solvent stored.
Use dirty solvent for initial cleaning and clean solvent for
final cleaning.
If enough of the same solvent is generated, it shall be
collected and returned to the supplier or a commercial
recycler for recycling.
Send to a recycler.
Filter/clean or regenerate solvents and reuse.
Use spent solvent for paraffin removal.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
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KOC Waste Management
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Solvents (organic solvents used in cleaning and
degreasing equipment) - halogenated
Y6, Y41, H3, A3150
Collect in designated drums. Do NOT overfill.
When drum is full, label and move to designated hazardous
waste storage area. .
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Use water-based solvents or soap cleaners that are
biodegradable whenever possible.
Substitute nonhazardous surfactants (soap) for hazardous
solvents (mineral spirits) for equipment cleaning.
Use up all solvent in container, ensuring no residue
remains.
Minimize amount of solvent being lost during cleaning or
maintenance; for example, use drip pans to collect solvent
for reuse.
Use high-pressure water, steam or other non-toxic solvents
to clean equipment.
Keep solvent containers tightly covered when not in use to
decrease loss due to vaporization.
Use inventory control to minimize volume of unnecessary
solvent stored.
Use dirty solvent for initial cleaning and clean solvent for
final cleaning.
If enough of the same solvent is generated, it shall be
collected and returned to the supplier or a commercial
recycler for recycling.
Send to a recycler.
Filter/clean or regenerate solvents and reuse.
Use spent solvent for paraffin removal.
N/A
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Tank bottoms (basic sediment and water)
Y9, Potentially hazardous (H 11, H 12)
In bulk container, if practicable. Otherwise in sealed,
labelled containers in designated (hazardous) waste storage
area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
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Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Recycle back through treatment system, with no additional
requirements.
Keep turbulent flow in tank to prevent sedimentation
whenever possible. The use of mechanical stirring devices
in oil storage tanks will eliminate build-up of tank bottom
sediments and reduce chemical storage.
Add appropriate chemical agents to reduce tank bottom
accumulation.
Treat light oil tank bottoms with high temperature in heavy
oil dehydration facilities.
Recover product by recycling light oil tank bottoms
through heavy oil dehydration facilities. Results: added
revenue and substantial cost savings through reduction of
waste disposal.
Use cone bottom stock tanks and run bottoms through
heater-treater more frequently than normal.
Reduce the number of tanks by consolidating produced
fluid storage facilities.
Keep a gas blanket on tanks to reduce oxygen and
formation of iron oxides. A gas blanket can also reduce
risk of explosion and subsequent leakage due to lightning
strikes.
Identify and minimize the source of solids.
Send tank bottoms to crude oil reclamation plants.
Send to a refinery coker.
Use a centrifuge or filter press to recover oil and water
from tank bottoms.
If hazardous, treatment or stabilization is necessary prior to
disposal
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Tank Water Draws
Y9, Potentially hazardous (H 11, H 12)
In bulk container, if practicable. Otherwise in sealed,
labelled containers in designated (hazardous waste) storage
area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Use oil/water separator to separate oil and water.
Return oil to product storage and discharge water to on-site
wastewater treatment facility.
Treatment
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Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Sources of tank water include entrainment in delivered
product, condensate, and storm water intrusion.
Thread protectors
Non-hazardous
Sealed containers in designated storage area.
Avoid using excess pipe dope.
Return to vendor or send to recycler.
Reuse in operations or sell for re-use.
Send to a reclamation facility that removes pipe dope and
markets for reuse.
Steam clean before sending for recycling.
Avoid, if practicable.
Non-hazardous landfill.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Tyres
B3140
In no-hazardous waste storage area.
Avoid storage of large quantities, due to fire risk.
Rotate tyres and align regularly.
Maintain proper inflation pressure.
Purchase tyres with greater road-wear abilities.
Send to a tyre recycler.
Purchase retreaded tyres if feasible.
May be used as fenders.
N/A
Avoid.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
During rainy season stored tyres can accumulate water,
providing a breeding ground for mosquitoes.
Water, Chemically Contaminated
Y9, Potentially hazardous (H 11, H 12)
In bulk container, if practicable. Otherwise in sealed,
labelled containers in designated (hazardous) waste storage
area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
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Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
Not normally applicable.
Could be used for irrigation if water meets EPA standards.
Consult H&E Team for further advice.
Neutralize if pH is less than 6 or above 8
Conduct testing to ensure water meets water quality
standards
Through waste water treatment facilities.
Dispose to surface only if a permit is obtained from EPA.
Ship to certified hazardous waste facility
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Hydrostatic tank tests shall be performed when possible
following tank cleaning in order to minimize
contamination.
Well completion, treatment, and stimulation fluids,
unused
Potentially hazardous (H 11, H 12)
In bulk container, if practicable. Otherwise in sealed,
labelled containers in designated (hazardous) waste storage
area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Use all of the product whenever possible; e.g., use excess
frac oil, acid, stimulation fluids, and xylene in other wells.
Use inventory control; e.g., a surplus chemicals exchange
network that offers unused chemicals to other company
facilities in lieu of disposal.
Recycle unused frac oil back into production stream.
Return unused portion to vendor.
May require neutralization if pH less than 6 or greater than
8.
Avoid disposal, if practicable.
Through waste water treatment facilities.
Dispose to surface only if a permit is obtained from EPA.
Ship to certified hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Wood:Plywood top, pallets, general lumber (non-treated)
Non-hazardous
No special requirements.
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Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
Reuse within KOC is desirable, but only if it can be done
safely. e.g. wood reused for structural purposes must be
inspected and approved as being sound and suitable for
that purpose.
N/A
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
Wood (treated)
Non-hazardous
Closed skips (or open skips if in covered area).
Avoid the use of lumber in construction - prefer reusable
materials such as plastic.
Careful planning to avoid general of excess material.
Only treat wood if it is absolutely necessary.
Treated lumber may be reused with care.
Do not use treated wood under circumstances where the
preservative may come in contact with food or animal feed,
like food containers.
Do not use treated wood for cutting-boards or countertops.
Only treated wood that is visibly clean and free of surface
residue should be used for patios, decks and walkways.
Treated wood should not be used where it may come into
direct or indirect contact with public drinking water, except
for uses involving incidental contact such as docks and
bridges.
Additional considerations may apply depending on the
precise treatment used.
N/A
Designated disposal site.
Do not burn in open pits.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
Waste type
Classification
Storage
Reduction
Reuse/Recycle
Workover wastes
Probably Hazardous (e.g. H 11), depending on exact nature
of waste
In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous
waste storage area.
Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other
means of secondary containment, to ensure that any
leakage cannot reach the ground.
Place into production stream whenever possible.
Recycle free liquids back into production stream.
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Treatment
Disposal
Monitoring/Recording
KOC Waste Management
N/A
Hazardous waste facility.
Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors
must be recorded using transfer notes.
Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.
Comments
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KOC Waste Management
Appendix 4
MANIFESTS FOR TRANSPORTATION AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES
(Kuwait EPA)
Manifest for Transportation, Disposal of Non-Hazardous Waste and Construction
Waste
CC
Public Authority for Environment
CC
Waste authority (source)
CC
Kuwait Municipality / Cleaning Dept.
Kuwait Municipality / Environmental
Affairs
CC
Transporter
(A) waste
(source)
authority
information
(B) waste
description
Public Authority for
Environment
Industrial Affairs Dept.
Industrial Waste Control
Division
Telephone : 4824285-9
Ext.203 fax:4821724
P.O.Box:24395 Kuwait
Safat 13104
The wastes set forth under B, were collected from:
And transferred to :______, at the recommendations of the Public
Authority for environment
Name:_______Occupation:________: signature_____________
Hour:________date:____________________________________
Address:______telephone No.:________fax No.:_________
1- waste general description :
2- waste state:
solid - semi solid - slime - fluid - other (specify)
3- waste classification:
oil waste - chemical materials - medicines - other (specify)
4- waste details:
waste weight (kg):_______ No.of cars: ______
load capacity: ______
5- operations resulting in the waste:
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(C)
Transporter
KOC Waste Management
I hereby declare have collected the wastes said under clause
(B) and that the above details are correct.
The above wastes were taken from : _______
Hour: _____
Name : ________________ Job: ____________: signature:
______
Hour : ________________ date : ________________
Address : _____________ phone No.: _________ fax No.:
________
(D)
The waste mentioned under clause (B) were destroyed at the
Authority carrying the
location : _______________
Destruction
Waste disposal method:
___ sanitary burial ___ spraying on ground - treatment then
burialevaporation ______other (specify) : ___________
site manager name : __________________ signature :
__________
in the presence of the Public Authority for Environment
Representative and representative of the waste source
authority.
The Public Authority for Environment hereby certify that the
wastes set forth under clause (B) pertaining to ________ has
been treated / destroyed.
Public
Authority
for
Environment
___________
Signature : __________________
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representative
:
KOC
KOC Waste Management
Glossary
Absorption Oil
A hydrocarbon liquid used to absorb and recover components from natural gas as it is
processed.
Acid Gas
A gas that forms an acid when it is mixed with water. In petroleum production and
processing, the most common acid gases are hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide.
Amine
Any of several compounds such as, but not limited to, monoethanolamine (MEA),
employed in treating natural gas. The amines are generally used in water solutions to
remove hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from gas and liquid streams.
Asbestos
A mineral fiber, used for insulation that can pollute air or water and cause cancer or
asbestosis when inhaled. EPA and many other environmental agencies have banned or
restricted its use in manufacturing and construction and regulate its disposal.
Basic Sediment and Water (BS&W)
The water and other extraneous material present in crude oil bottoms
1. The liquids and residue, such as heavy hydrocarbons, solids, sands, and emulsions
that collect in the bottom of treating vessel or remain in the bottom of storage tanks
after a period of service.
2. The residual fractions remaining in the bottom of a fractionating tower after lighter
components have been distilled off as vapors.
Contaminant
Any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter that has an
adverse affect on air, water, or soil, or A harmful, irritating, or nuisance material in
concentrations exceeding those normally found in the ambient air, water, or soil.
Corrosion
A complex chemical or electrochemical process by which metal is destroyed (e.g.,
between water and pipes that the water contacts, chemicals touching a metal surface,
or contact between two metals).
Emulsion
The dispersion of fine particles of an immiscible liquid and/or solids with another
liquid in which the particles are suspended. A mixture of crude oil and formation
water commonly creates an emulsion. It generally requires time, heat, and in some
cases, chemicals to separate water and oil emulsions.
Enhanced Recovery
Efforts to increase ultimate production of oil and gas from a reservoir. This term will
be considered to encompass other nomenclature in common usage such as pressure
maintenance, secondary recovery, and tertiary recovery. All enhanced recovery
techniques include methods for supplementing natural reservoir forces and energy, or
otherwise increasing ultimate recovery. Such techniques include water injection, gas
injection, gas cycling, and miscible chemicals and thermal processes.
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Filtration
A treatment process for removing solid (particulate) matter from a fluid by passing
the fluid through porous media such as sand or a man-made filter.
Fracturing
Fluid Materials used in formation fracturing well stimulation process.
Glycol
A group of compounds used to dehydrate gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons or to inhibit
the formation of hydrates. Commonly used glycols are ethylene glycol (EG),
diethylene glycol (DEG), and triethylene glycol (TEG).
Groundwater
The water found under the surface of the earth in aquifers. Ground water is used for
supplying wells and feeds springs.
Hazardous Materials
Any substance exposures to which results or may result in adverse affects on the
health and safety. of employees.
Hazardous Waste
A solid waste that may pose a substantial or potential hazard to human health or the
environment when improperly managed. It possesses at least one of four
characteristics (ignitability, Corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity).
Hydrate
A solid material resulting from the combination of a hydrocarbon with water under
pressure.
Ignitable
As a measure characterizing hazardous waste, ignitability applies to a liquid having a
flash point less than 140OF.
Landfarming
A process in which waste deposited on or in the soil is naturally degraded by
microbes.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Information required under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) on the
identity of hazardous chemicals, health and physical hazards, exposure limits, and
precautions.
Mud
The liquid circulated through the well bore during rotary drilling and Workover
operations. In addition to its function of bringing cuttings to the surface, drilling mud
cools and lubricates the bit and drill stem, protects against blowouts by holding back
subsurface pressures, and deposits a mud cake on the wall of the borehole to prevent
loss of fluids to the formation. Originally a suspension of clays in water, the mud used
in modern drilling is a more complex mixture of liquids, reactive solids, and inert
solids.
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Neutralization
Decreasing the acidity or alkalinity of a substance by adding alkaline or acidic
materials to it.
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)
Elements that are radioactive in their natural physical states (i.e., not man-made) but
do not include source or special nuclear material. NORM can be associated with oil
and gas production and includes the elements uranium, thorium, radium, and radon
and their daughter products. NORM has been found in downhole tubing scale, in
above-ground processing equipment, salt water disposal/injection wells and
associated equipment, and in soils contaminated by well workovers, tank cleaning,
salt water leaks, pipe cleaning, and other associated operations.
pH
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a liquid or solid material.
Pig
A scraping tool forced through a pipeline or flowline to clean out accumulations of
water, wax, rust, scale, and/or debris from the walls of the pipe.
Pigging
Waste water, wax, rust, scale, and/or debris removed from the walls of pipelines after
cleaning with a pig or scraper.
Pollutant
Any chemical or waste product that contributes to pollution.
Pollution
The alteration of the physical, thermal, chemical, or biological quality of, or the
contamination of land, air, or water that renders it harmful, detrimental, or injurious to
humans, animal life, vegetation, or property, or to public health, safety or welfare, or
impairs the usefulness or the public enjoyment of the land, air, or water for any lawful
or reasonable purpose.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB)
A group of toxic, pathogenic, teratogenic, and persistent chemicals used in
transformers and capacitors (and other oil-filled electrical equipment) for insulating
purposes and in gas pipeline systems as a lubricant. PCBs may accumulate in human
or animal tissue. PCBs were banned by law for sale.
Produced Water
The water (brine) brought up from the hydrocarbon bearing strata during the
extraction of oil and gas. It may include formation water, water that has been injected
into the formation and any chemicals added down-hole or during the oil/water
separation process.
Recycle
To reclaim the useful constituents of a waste for reuse, or to use or reuse a waste as a
substitute for a commercial product, or as a feedstock in an industrial process.
Reserve Pit
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KOC Waste Management
Pit used to store additional drilling fluids for use in drilling operations and/or dispose
of wastes generated by drilling operations and initial completion procedures. Usually
an excavated, earthen-walled pit, typically temporary in nature, that receives natural
rock cuttings, drilling fluids, and water runoff from around the drilling rig.
Rigwash
Waters used to wash down the rig floor, including rainwater. Its primary component is
fresh water, sometimes containing minor amounts of household type detergents.
Scale
A deposit formed in place by chemical action or temperature and pressure changes on
surfaces in contact with water; e.g., calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate,
calcium sulfate.
Scrubber
A vessel through which a gas or fluid is passed to remove liquid and foreign matter.
Sump
A pit or tank that catches liquid runoff for drainage or disposal. Also, a low place in a
vessel or tank for accumulating settlings that are later removed through an opening in
the bottom of the vessel.
Surface Water
All water naturally open to the atmosphere, and all springs, wells, or other collectors
directly influenced by surface water.
Surfactant
A substance, such as detergent or soap, that affects the properties of the surface of a
liquid or solid by concentrating in the surface layer (e.g., assists in the cleaning of oily
materials).
Vapor Recovery System
Any combination of hoods or ventilation systems that captures or contains organic
vapors and directs them to an abatement or recovery device.
Volatile
Description of any substance that evaporates easily (the tendency of a liquid to
assume the gaseous state).
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
A highly evaporative organic material.
Workover
The performance of one or more of a variety of remedial operations on a producing
well to try to increase production. Examples of workover operations are deepening,
plugging back, pulling and resetting liners, repairing mechanical equipment failures,
squeeze cementing, or other work involved in changing the producing interval in a
well.
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Acronyms
API .............................American Petroleum Institute
BS&W ........................Basic Sediment and Water
CO2 ............................Carbon Dioxide
COS............................ Carbonyl Sulfide
EIA…………………..Environment Impact Assessment
EPA………………….Environment Public Authority (Kuwait)
E&P............................ Exploration and Production
H2S..............................Hydrogen Sulfide
MOE…………………Ministry of Energy (Kuwait)
MSDS...........................Material Safety Data Sheet
NGL........................….Natural Gas Liquid
NORM ....................…Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material
OSHA .....................…The United States Occupational Safety and Health
Administration
PCB........................…..Polychlorinated biphenyl
pH..........................…...Potential of hydrogen, measure of acidity
ppm........................…..Parts Per Million
SO2.........................….Sulfur Dioxide
USEPA……………....United States Environment Public Authority
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References
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11.
12.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
API Environmental Guidance Document; Onshore Solid Waste Management
in Exploration and Production Operations, 1st Ed., American Petroleum
Institute, Washington, DC (1989).
Developing Area-Specific Waste Management Plans for E&P Operations, 1st
Ed., American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC (1991).
Stilwell, C.T., "Area Waste-Management Plans for Drilling and Production
Operations," Journal of Petroleum Technology 67-71 (Jan. 1991).
"Guidance to Hazardous Waste Generators on the Elements of a Waste
Minimization Program," 58 Federal Register 31114-31120 (May 28, 1993).
Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1980, Section 3001(b)(2)(A); an amendment of
RCRA of 1976.
"Regulatory Determination for Oil and Gas and Geothermal Exploration and
Production Wastes," 53 Federal Register 25446-25459 (July 6, 1988).
"Clarification of the Regulatory Determination for Wastes from the Exploration,
Development and Production of Crude Oil, Natural Gas and Geothermal
Energy," 58 Federal Register 15284-15287 (Mar. 22, 1993).
"Generic Hazardous Chemical Category List and Inventory for the Oil and Gas
Exploration and Production Industry," American Petroleum Institute and the
Independent Petroleum Association of America (November 1988).
Principles of Drilling Fluid Control, 12th Ed., Petroleum Extension Service,
University of Texas at Austin (1969).
Kuwait Oil Company, Health & Environment Guidelines, Asbestos KOC 1130.
November 1999.
Kuwait Oil Company, Health & Environmnt Guidelines, Waste Handling KOC
2120. November 1999.
Guidelines for Chemical Characterization of Produced Water," The Norwegian
Oil Industry Assn. (OLF), Stavanger (1999).
Water--A Preliminary Study. Produced Water Technological/Environmental
Issues and Solutions, J.P. Ray and F.R. Engelhardt (eds.), Plenum Press, New
York (1992) 245.
"Produced Water Discharges to the North Sea--Fate and Effects in the Water
Column," summary report, The Norwegian Oil Industry Assn. (OLF), Stavanger
(1998).
"Aromatics in Produced Water: Occurrence, Fate and Effects, and Treatment,"
Intl. Assn. of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP), Report No. 1.20/324 (January
2002).
Survey and Assessment of Ambient Air Quality in the KOC Oil Fields, KOC
Project 11644, Second Progress Report ( January - June, 2002). July 2002
Waste Management Procedure (Draft Oct 2005) Graham Johnson, BP Advisor
Waste Management Guideline (Draft 2005) Graham Johnson, BP Advisor KOC
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