AP United States History
Chapter 1
Contact, Conflict, and Exchange in the Atlantic World to 1590
Terms
Section 1: The First Americans
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(pgs. 9 – 14)
Atlantic World
Christopher Columbus
Mayan Civilization
Aztec Civilization
Inca Civilization
Section 2: Beginning of European Overseas Expansion (pgs. 15 – 17)
6. Queen Elizabeth I
7. Prince Henry the Navigator
Section 3: Africa and the Atlantic Slave Trade
(pgs. 17 – 21)
8. Gonga Musa (Mali)
9. Sonni Ali (Songhay)
10. Askia Mohammed (Songhay)
11. Atlantic Slave Trade
Section 4: Spain and Portugal Divide the Globe
(pgs. 21 – 24)
12. Treaty of Alcacovas 1479
13. Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
14. Ferdinand Magellan
15. Northwest Passage
Section 5: The Spanish Empire in America
(pgs. 24 – 30)
16. Spanish Conquistador
17. Syncretism
18. Mercantilism
19. Viceroy
20. Hernan Cortez
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21. Requerimiento
22. Encomienda
23. Repartimiento
24. Royal Fifth
Section 6: Protestant North Europeans Challenge Catholic Spain (pgs. 30 – 33)
25. Martin Luther
26. Protestant Reformation
27. John Calvin
28. Predestination
29. Sir Francis Drake
30. John Hawkins
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AP United States History
Chapter 1:
Contact, Conflict, and Exchange in the Atlantic World to 1590
Objectives
Section 1: The First Americans
(pgs. 9 – 14)
1. Describe how the “discovery of the New World affected the following
populations:
a. Native Americans
b. Sub-Saharan Africa
c. Europeans
2. Describe the location, economy, and civilizations of the following ancient Indian
cultures:
a. Mayan
d. Anasazi
b. Incan
e. Adena-Hopewell
c. Aztec
f. Eastern Woodland
3. Generally describe the following aspects of Indian culture:
a. Land Ownership
d. Religion
b. Gender roles
e. Family structure
4. List some of the items demanded by the Aztec as tribute.
5. List 4 staple crops grown by ancient Native Americans in southwestern US
6. List the 2 descendent tribes of the ancient Anasazi tribes.
7. List 2 very popular trade items coveted by the Adena-Hopewell culture.
8. What common Indian language was shared by the Eastern Woodland culture?
9. Name the great Indian confederation of five tribes within the Eastern Woodlands.
10. Describe the motive behind the following farming practices of the eastern
Woodlands:
a. “girding”
b. Burning under brush
11. Describe the following concepts in spiritual beliefs of eastern Woodland:
a. Their existence within a broader spiritual world
b. Manitou
c. Seeking a vision
d. Master Spirit
e. Shaman
12. Describe the following of within the kinship of Eastern Woodland:
a. Kinship
b. Sachems
c. Role of women (Iroquois)
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Section 2: Beginning of European Overseas Expansion (pgs. 15 – 17)
13. Describe similarities and differences between American Indian and European
cultures regarding:
a. Basic survival method
c. Role of Women
b. Land ownership
14. Describe the relationship between European monarchs, nationalism, trade, and
rival wars.
15. List popular trade items Europeans coveted from Asian markets.
16. What 2 groups of people began to control trade on the Mediterranean Sea and
Eastern Europe?
17. Describe the relationship and evolution of trading centers, banks, cities, and
political states.
18. Explain Portugal’s 4 main goals for expanding trade and exploration
19. Describe at least 3 new technical advancements of the Portuguese that aided in
oversea transportation.
Section 3: Africa and the Atlantic Slave Trade
(pgs. 17 – 21)
20. Describe the 2 main economic interactivities between Portugal and Western
African kingdoms.
21. Describe the general aspects of the African culture regarding religious beliefs,
customs, and family structures.
22. Regarding the impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on African culture, discuss the
time period, size of slave population involved, geographical regions, and specific
economic motivations.
Section 4: Spain and Portugal Divide the Globe
(pgs. 21 – 24)
23. Describe the economic motivations and approach of Portugal and Spain for
expanded sea explorations.
24. Explain the results of the following treaties:
a. Treaty of Alcacovas of 1479
b. Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494
25. Describe the Line of Demarcation and the role of Pope Alexander VI
26. Regarding Christopher Columbus’s discovery of the New World:
a. What nation did Columbus sail for?
b. On which Caribbean island did Columbus land?
27. Describe what the Northwest Passage was believed to be.
28. Compare the efforts and results of France and England in their quest of the
Northwest Passage.
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Section 5: The Spanish Empire in America (pgs. 24 – 30)
29. By the early 1500’s, describe where in the New World, the following European
nations were establishing colonies:
a. England
c. Spain
b. France
d. Portugal
30. Regarding Spanish exploration of the New World:
a. What was the main goal of the Conquistadors?
b. List the 2 main objectives of the Spanish crown in the New World
31. Discuss the 3 leading strategies used by Cortez to dominate the Aztec Indian
civilization.
32. Explain the role of European disease on the Native Indians of the Americas
33. Analyze the Columbian Exchange between Europe, Africa, and North America
34. Describe at least 5 aspects of the “Columbian Exchange” exchanged between both
European and Native Americans
35. Regarding Indian acceptance of Christianity:
a. Describe the Indian practice of syncretism in accepting Christianity
b. Describe the influence of Father Bartolome de la Casa
36. Describe what a “royal fifth” was in the practice of Spanish mercantilism
37. Between 1500 and 1650, describe the amounts of gold and silver taken by Spanish
from the New World
38. Analyze the following methods used by the Spanish to extract labor from the
Native Americans:
a. Requerimiento
b. Encomienda
c. Repartimiento
39. What was the Spanish policy of asientos?
Section 6: Protestant North Europeans Challenge Catholic Spain (pgs. 30 – 33)
39. Regarding Martin Luther’s 1517 95 Thesis:
a. List 5 specific charges made against the catholic Church
b. What was the publication’s lasting impact on Christianity across Europe?
40. Who led a movement to “reform” Protestant churches?
41. Describe the affect of Calvin’s Reformed doctrines on church rituals, law,
clothing, and social behavior.
42. Explain the results of the following acts of Parliament designed to solidify the
Anglican Church of England:
a. Act of Supremacy (1534)
b. Six Articles (1539)
c. Act of Uniformity (1559)
43. Explain the 3 most significant results for the English with their defeat of the
Spanish Armada in 1588.
44. Name the 2 popular English “sea dogs” who helped to establish English claims in
North America.
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