Graveyard Data
Wolfeborough, New Hampshire
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
42
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
year of birth
1877
1886
1892
1888
1894
1879
1881
1878
1899
1886
1893
1898
1894
1924
1936
1918
1912
1871
1885
1883
1873
1879
1895
1891
1885
1882
1879
1908
1827
1833
1840
1878
1874
1896
1874
1868
1877
1884
1878
1840
1835
1868
1821
1826
1851
1867
1888
1886
1897
1916
year of death
1961
1961
1983
1980
1973
1956
1968
1955
1976
1951
1951
1976
1966
1944
1957
1975
1976
1947
1970
1976
1952
1947
1958
1969
1956
1968
1972
1969
1907
1871
1923
1948
1954
1955
1943
1906
1961
1968
1934
1924
1900
1880
1905
1913
1946
1952
1982
1967
1965
1961
sex
M
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
F
M
F
M
M
F
M
M
M
F
F
M
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
M
F
F
F
F
M
F
M
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
F
F
M
F
#
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
year of birth
1893
1880
1882
1884
1778
1784
1809
1859
1864
1862
1884
1830
1835
1859
1857
1891
1888
1861
1858
1877
1829
1837
1870
1886
1882
1862
1861
1861
1906
1909
1845
1878
1876
1837
1835
1859
1870
1903
1906
1847
1846
1878
1881
1852
1853
1862
1896
1854
1863
1906
year of death
1984
1881
1975
1970
1848
1870
1826
1934
1950
1921
1955
1908
1903
1918
1943
1943
1944
1905
1940
1971
1920
1926
1889
1972
1948
1935
1930
1902
1971
1983
1904
1927
1939
1914
1913
1937
1938
1946
1946
1926
1925
1961
1965
1925
1915
1963
1976
1934
1947
1947
sex
M
M
M
F
M
F
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
F
M
F
M
F
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
F
M
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
F
F
F
F
M
Lab 2 Population Distribution and Survivorship
Purpose: To compare survivorship patterns of people from the (approx.) 19 th and 20th Centuries using survivorship curves of males
and females generated from cemetery data.
Introduction: Most individuals do not reach the maximum life span of their species. The ratio of age at death to the surviving portion
of a population is a function of the species (and for humans –their cultural and socio-economic conditions). A survivorship curve
shows the probability that an individual of a particular species, age and gender will survive to a certain age.
Analysis
1. Using the data collected at a cemetery near
Wolfeborough, New Hampshire, calculate the age at
death for each individual listed.
2.
Tally the number of individuals who died in each of
the 5-yr age groups between 0 yrs – 100 yrs.
3.
Copy the data table below into your lab book twice.
Table 1: born before 1880; Table 2: born during or
after 1880.
4.
Calculate the total number of individuals in your
sample.
5.
Calculate the number of surviving individuals in each
5-yr age group by subtracting the number of
individuals that died in each age group from the
previous age group’s number of survivors.
6.
Convert the number surviving into Percent Surviving.
Sample Data Table
Age at
death
(yrs)
----0-0.99
1-4.99
5-9.99
10-14.99
# that
died
0
Male
#
survivors
%
Survivors
# that
died
Female
#
survivors
%
Survivors
95-99.99
100+
Total
7.
Plot all four of your Percent Surviving data sets on one graph “% Surviving” vs “Age” in your lab book.
symbols/colors for each data set.
8.
Draw survival curves for males and females for each category (pre-post 1880).
1.
Use different
Questions
Compare the survivorship curves for males and females. Explain what you think accounts
for the differences in the curves.
2.
Compare the survivorship curves for those individuals who were born before/after 1880.
Explain what you think accounts for the differences in the curves.
3.
What do you think the curves will look like in the next 100 years?
Identify which survivorship curve is shown on your graph: Type I “late loss” high survival
rate of the young, live out most of their expected life span and die in old age: Type II
“constant loss” shows relatively constant death rate due to hunting or diseases, or Type III “early loss” have many young,
most of which die very early in their life.
4.
5.
6.
Match these examples to each of the three survivorship curves:
 Cane toads
 Birds, Squirrels
 Fish
 Internal parasites
 sheep, phlox Coral


What is an r-strategist and a K-strategist? How are the life cycles of these strategists different?
Industrialized countries
not at war
Marine invertebrates