Turkish personal endings/suffixes
The
'Modern'
LPT Case
Name
The
Dictionary
Form
The Direct
Object Case
The
Possessive
Case
Grammatical
Case Name
The Absolute
Form or Case
Accusative or
Definite Object
or Direct
Object Case
Genitive case
What does it
refer to?
The noun in its
pure form. It's
the 'no case'
case.
How is it recognized in English?
How is it recognized in Turkish?
It's the noun on its own as you'd find it in a
dictionary.
It's the noun on its own -- exactly as
you'd find it in a dictionary.
Example -1) grape
2) muscle
3) weep(ing), cry(ing) [verbal noun]
Example -1) üzüm
2) adale
3) ağlama [verbal noun]
Special Notes
The direct object It's a noun found in the predicate of the
of a verb or the sentence.
object of certain
prepositions.
Example -1) I ate the grape.
2) She pulled the muscle.
3) He likes repairing antiques.
4) He loves Turkish bread.
By the presence of one of the following
suffixes:
-i/ü/ı/u [or by -yi/yü/yı/yu after a
vowel].
Denotes
A. Expressed in English by a prepositional
possession,
phrase beginning with 'of'.
measurement, or
source.
Examples A -1) ...of the grape
2) ...of the muscle
3) ...of the repairing
4) ...of the bread
By the presence of one of the following Before adding this
suffixes: -in/ün/ın/un
suffix to nouns
[or by -nin/nün/nın/nun after a vowel]. ending in k change
the k to ğ (yumuşakg)
Examples A -1) ...üzümün
2) ...adalenin
3) ...onarmanın
4) ...ekmeğin
For 'Proper Names',
add an apostophe in
Examples B -Turkish, before
1) Perihan'ın arabası
adding the possesive
2) erkeğin paltosu
suffix, as in
Perihan'ın arabası.
B. Expressed in English by apostophe-s.
Examples B -1) Perihan's car
2) the man's coat
Before adding this
suffix to nouns
ending in k change
the k to ğ (yumuşakg).
Example -1) Üzümü yedim.
2) Adaleyi incitti.
3) Antika onarmayı sever.
4) Türk ekmeği sever.
1
The To/For
Case
The Place
Case
The
From/Than
Case
Dative case
Locative Case
Ablative Case
Denotes the
indirect object of
a verb and the
object of any of
certain verbs and
prepositions.
Expressed by a prepositional phrase with
'to/for'.
Denotes the case
'where
something is/has
been/will be' or
'where
something
occurs/has
occurred/will
occur'.
Expressed by a prepositional phrase with 'in,
on, at'.
Denotes
separation,
direction away
from, and
sometimes
manner or
agency.
Expressed by a prepositional phrase with
'from, out of, through, than'.
Example -1) ...for the harpsichord
2) ...to the muscle
3) ...for the repairing
4) ...for the bread
Example -1) ...on the grape.
2) ...on the car.
3) ...in the book
4) ...in the jeep
Example -1) ...from the grape.
2) ...out of the car
3) ...than the book
4) ...from the jeep
By the presence of one of the following Before adding this
suffixes:
suffix to nouns
-e/a [or by -ye/ya after a vowel].
ending in k change
the k to ğ (yumuşakg)
Example -1) ...klavsene
2) ...adaleye
3) ...onarmaya
4) ...ekmeğe
By the presence of one of the following
suffixes:
-de/da [or by -te/ta after ç, f, h, k, p, s,
ş, or t].
Example -1) ... üzümde
2) ...arabada
3) ...kitapta
4) ...cipte
By the presence of one of the following
suffixes:
-den/dan [or by -ten/tan after ç, f, h, k,
p, s, ş, or t].
Example -1) ... üzümden
2) ...arabadan
3) ...kitaptan
4) ...cipten
2