Feist Theories of Personality 6th edition
Detailed Table of Contents
PART I
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1:
Introduction to Personality Theory
I.
What Is Personality?
II.
What Is a Theory?
A. Theory Defined
B. Theory and Its Relatives
1.
Philosophy
2.
Speculation
3.
Hypothesis
4.
Taxonomy
C. Why Different Theories?
D. Theorists' Personalities and Their Theories of Personality
E. What Makes a Theory Useful?
1.
Generates Research
2.
Is Falsifiable
3.
Organizes Data
4.
Guides Action
5.
Is Internally Consistent
6.
Is Parsimonious
III.
Dimensions for a Concept of Humanity
IV.
Research in Personality Theory
V.
Key Terms and Concepts
Part II
Psychodynamic Theories
Chapter 2 Freud: Psychoanalysis
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Overview of Psychoanalytic Theory
Biography of Sigmund Freud
Levels of Mental Life
A.
Unconscious
B.
Preconscious
C.
Conscious
Provinces of the Mind
A.
The Id
B.
The Ego
C.
The Superego
Dynamics of Personality
A.
Drives
1.
Sex
2.
Aggression
B.
Anxiety
Defense Mechanisms
A. Repression
B. Reaction Formation
C. Displacement
D. Fixation
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XIII.
E. Regression
F. Projection
G. Introjection
H. Sublimation
Stages of Development
A. Infantile Period
1. Oral Phase
2. Anal Phase
3. Phallic Phase
a. Male Oedipus Complex
b. Female Oedipus Complex
B. Latency Period
C. Genital Period
D. Maturity
Applications of Psychoanalytic Theory
A. Freud's Early Therapeutic Technique
B. Freud's Later Therapeutic Technique
C. Dream Analysis
D. Freudian Slips
Related Research
A. Unconscious Mental Processing
B. Pleasure and the Id;Inhibition and the Ego
C. Repression, Inhibition and the Defense Mechanisms
D. Research on Dreams
Critique of Freud
A. Did Freud Understand Women?
B. Was Freud a Scientists?
Concept of Humanity
Key Terms and Concepts
Chapter 3 Adler: Individual Psychology
I.
Overview of Individual Psychology
II.
Biography of Alfred Adler
II.I
Introduction to Adlerian Theory
IV.
Striving for Success or Superiority
A.
The Final Goal
B.
The Striving Force as Compensation
C.
Striving for Personal Superiority
D.
Striving for Success
V.
Subjective Perceptions
A.
Fictionalism
B.
Physical Inferiorities
VI.
Unity and Self-Consistency of Personality
A.
Organ Dialect
B.
Conscious and Unconscious
VII.
Social Interest
A.
Origins of Social Interest
B.
Importance of Social Interest
VIII.
Style of Life
IX.
Creative Power
X.
Abnormal Development
A.
General Description
B.
External Factors in Maladjustment
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
1.
Exaggerated Physical Deficiencies
2.
Pampered Style of Life
3.
Neglected Style of Life
C.
Safeguarding Tendencies
1.
Excuses
2.
Aggression
3.
Withdrawal
D.
Masculine Protest
1.
Origins of the Masculine Protest
2.
Adler, Freud, and the Masculine Protest
Applications of Individual Psychology
A.
Family Constellation
B.
Early Recollections
C.
Dreams
D.
Psychotherapy
Related Research
A.
Social Interest and Criminal Conduct
A.
Early Recollections and Personal Traits
B. Early Recollections and Psychotherapy Outcomes
Critique of Adler
Concept of Humanity
Key Terms and Concepts
Chapter 4 Jung: Analytical Psychology
I.
Overview of Analytical Psychology
II.
Biography of Carl Jung
III.
Levels of the Psyche
A.
Conscious
B.
Personal Unconscious
C.
Collective Unconscious
D.
Archetypes
1. Persona
2. Shadow
3. Anima
4. Animus
5. Great Mother
6. Wise Old Man
7. Hero
8. Self
IV.
Dynamics of Personality
A.
Causality and Teleology
B.
Progression and Regression
V.
Psychological Types
A.
Attitudes
1. Introversion
2. Extraversion
B.
Functions
1. Thinking
2. Feeling
3. Sensation
4. Intuition
VI.
Development of Personality
A.
Stages of Development
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
1. Childhood
2. Youth
3. Middle Life
4. Old Age
B.
Self-Realization
Jung's Methods of Investigation
A.
Word Association Test
B.
Dream Analysis
C.
Active Imagination
D.
Psychotherapy
Related Research
A.
Types and Attraction
B.
Types and Academic Performance and Success
Critique of Jung
Concept of Humanity
Key Terms and Concepts
Chapter 5:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
Klein: Object Relations Theory
Overview of Object Relations Theory
Biography of Melanie Klein
Introduction to Object Relations Theory
Psychic Life of the Infant
A. Fantasies
B. Objects
Positions
A. Paranoid-Schizoid Position
B. Depressive Position
Psychic Defense Mechanisms
A. Introjection
B. Projection
C. Splitting
D. Projective Identification
Internalizations
A. Ego
B. Superego
C. Oedipus Complex
1. Female Oedipal Development
2. Male Oedipal Development
Later Views on Object Relations
A. Margaret Mahler's View
B. Heinz Kohut's View
C. John Bowlby's Attachment Theory
D. Mary Ainsworth and the Strange Situation
Psychotherapy
Related Research
A.
Object Relationships and Eating Disorders
B. Attachment Theory and Adult Relationships
Critique of Object Relations Theory
Concept of Humanity
Key Terms and Concepts
Chapter 6 Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory
I.
Overview of Psychoanalytic Social Theory
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
Biography of Karen Horney
Introduction to Psychoanalytic Social Theory
A. Horney and Freud Compared
B. The Impact of Culture
C. The Importance of Childhood Experiences
Basic Hostility and Basic Anxiety
Compulsive Drives
A. Neurotic Needs
B. Neurotic Trends
1. Moving Toward People
2. Moving Against People
3. Moving Away from People
Intrapsychic Conflicts
A. The Idealized Self-Image
1. The Neurotic Search for Glory
2. Neurotic Claims
3. Neurotic Pride
B. Self-Hatred
Feminine Psychology
Psychotherapy
Related Research
Critique of Horney
Concept of Humanity
Key Terms and Concepts
Chapter 7 Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis
I
Overview of Humanistic Psychoanalysis
II.
Biography of Erich Fromm
III.
Fromm's Basic Assumptions
IV. Human Needs
A. Relatedness
B. Transcendence
C. Rootedness
D. Sense of Identity
E. Frame of Orientation
F. Summary of Human Needs
V.
The Burden of Freedom
A. Mechanisms of Escape
1.
Authoritarianism
2.
Destructiveness
3.
Conformity
B. Positive Freedom
VI.
Character Orientations
A. Nonproductive Orientations
1.
Receptive
2.
Exploitative
3.
Hoarding
4.
Marketing
B. The Productive Orientation
VII.
Personality Disorders
A. Necrophilia
B. Malignant Narcissism
C. Incestuous Symbiosis
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
Psychotherapy
Fromm's Methods of Investigation
A. Social Character in a Mexican Village
B. A Psychohistorical Study of Hitler
Related Research
Critique of Fromm
Concept of Humanity
Key Terms and Concepts
Chapter 8 Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory
I.
Overview of Interpersonal Theory
II.
Biography of Harry Stack Sullivan
III.
Tensions
A.
Needs
B.
Anxiety
IV.
Dynamisms
A.
Malevolence
B.
Intimacy
C.
Lust
D.
Self-System
V.
Personifications
A.
Bad-Mother, Good-Mother
B.
Me Personifications
C.
Eidetic Personifactions
VI.
Levels of Cognition
A.
Prototaxic Level
B.
Parataxic Level
C.
Syntaxic Level
VII.
Stages of Development
A.
Infancy
B.
Childhood
C.
Juvenile Era
D.
Preadolescence
E.
Early Adolescence
F.
Late Adolescence
G.
Adulthood
VIII.
Psychological Disorders
IX>.
Psychotherapy
X.
Related Research
A.
Therapist-Patient Relationships
B.
Intimate Relationships with Friends
C.
Imaginary Friends
XI.
Critique of Sullivan
XII.
Concept of Humanity
XIII.
Key Terms and Concepts
Chapter 9 Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory
I
Overview of Post-Freudian Theory
I.
Biography of Erik Erikson
II!.
The Ego in Post-Freudian Theory
A. Society's Influence
B. Epigenetic Principle
IV.
Stages of Psychosocial Development
A.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IV.
Infancy
1. Oral-Sensory Mode
2. Basic Trust vs. Basic Mistrust
3. Hope: The Basic Strength of Infancy
B. Early Childhood
1. Anal-Urethral-Muscular Mode
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3. Will: The Basic Strength of Childhood
C. Play Age
1. Genital-Locomotor Mode
2. Initiative vs. Guilt
3. Purpose: The Basic Strength of the Play Age
D. School Age
1. Latency
2. Industry vs. Inferiority
3. Competence: The Basic Strength of the
E. Adolescence
1. Puberty
2. Identity vs. Identity Confusion
3. Fidelity: The Basic Strength of Adolescence
F. Young Adulthood
1. Genitality
2. Intimacy vs. Isolation
3. Love: The Basic Strength of Young
G. Adulthood
1. Procreativity
2. Generativity vs. Stagnation
3. Care: The Basic Strength of Adulthood
H. Old Age
1. Generalized Sensuality
2. Integrity vs. Despair
3. Wisdom: The Basic Strength of Old Age
I.
Summary of the Life Cycle
Erikson's Methods of Investigation
A. Anthropological Studies
B. Psychohistory
Related Research
A. Generativity and Life Changes
B. Generativity and Parenting
Critique of Erikson
Concept of Humanity
Key Terms and Concepts
PART III
HUMANISTIC/EXISTENTIAL THEORIES
Chapter 10 Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory
I.
Biography of Abraham H. Maslow
II.
Maslow's View of Motivation
A. Hierarchy of Needs
1. Physiological Needs
2. Safety Needs
3. Love and Belongingness Needs
4. Esteem Needs
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
5. Self-Actualization Needs
B. Aesthetic Needs
C. Cognitive Needs
D. Neurotic Needs
E. General Discussion of Needs
1. Reversed Order of Needs
2. Unmotivated Behavior
3. Expressive and Coping Behavior
4. Deprivation of Needs
5. Instinctoid Nature of Needs
6. Comparison of Higher and Lower Needs
Self-Actualization
A. Maslow's Quest for the Self-Actualizing Person
B. Criteria for Self-Actualization
C. Values of Self-Actualizers
D. Characteristics of Self-Actualizing People
1. More Efficient Perception of Reality
2. Acceptance of Self, Others, and Nature
3. Spontaneity, Simplicity, and Naturalness
4. Problem-Centerering
5. The Need for Privacy
6. Autonomy
7. Continued Freshness of Appreciation
8. The Peak Experience
9. Gemeinschaftsgefühl
10. Profound Interpersonal Relations
11. The Democratic Character Structure
12. Discrimination Between Means and Ends
13. Philosophical Sense of Humor
14. Creativeness
15. Resistance to Enculturation
D. Love, Sex, and Self-Actualization
Philosophy of Science
Measuring Self-Actualization
The Jonah Complex
Psychotherapy
Related Research
A
Personality Development, Growth, and Goals
B. Components of Psychological Health
Critique of Maslow
Concept of Humanity
Key Terms and Concepts
Chapter 11 Rogers: Person-Centered Theory
I
Overview of Person-Centered Theory
II.
Biography of Carl Rogers
III.
Person-Centered Theory
A. Basic Assumptions
1. Formative Tendency
2. Actualizing Tendency
B. The Self and Self-Actualization
1. The Self-Concept
2. The Ideal Self
C.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX
X.
XI
Awareness
1. Levels of Awareness
2. Denial of Positive Experiences
D. Becoming a Person
E. Barriers to Psychological Health
1. Conditions of Worth
2. Incongruence
a. Vulnerability
b. Anxiety and Threat
3. Defensiveness
4. Disorganization
Psychotherapy
A. Conditions
1. Counselor Congruence
2. Unconditional Positive Regard
3. Empathic Listening
B. Process
1. Stages of Therapeutic Change
2. Theoretical Explanation for Therapeutic Change
C. Outcomes
The Person of Tomorrow
A. Characteristics
B. Implications
Philosophy of Science
The Chicago Studies
A. Hypotheses
B. Method
C. Findings
D. Summary of Results
Related Research
A. Positive Regard, Self-Esteem, and Romantic
Relationships
B. Self-Ideal, Congruence, and Mental Health
Critique of Rogers
Concept of Humanity
Key Terms and Concepts
Chapter 12 May: Existential Psychology
I.
Overview of Existential Psychology
II.
Biography of Rollo May
III.
Background of Existentialism
A. What Is Existentialism?
B. Basic Concepts
1. Being-in-the-World
2. Nonbeing
IV.
The Case of Philip
V.
Anxiety
A. Normal Anxiety
B. Neurotic Anxiety
VI.
Guilt
VII.
Intentionality
VIII.
Care, Love, and Will
A. Union of Love and Will
B.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV
XV.
XVI.
Forms of Love
1. Sex
2. Eros
3. Philia
4. Agape
Freedom and Destiny
A. Freedom Defined
B. Forms of Freedom
1. Existential Freedom
2. Essential Freedom
C.
Destiny Defined
D. Philip's Destiny
The Power of Myth
Psychopathology
Psychotherapy
Related Research
A. Mortality Salience and Denial of our Animal Nature
B. Fitness As a Defense against Mortality Awareness
Critique of May
Concept of Humanity
Key Terms and Concepts
PART IV
DISPOSITIONAL THEORIES
Chapter 13 Allport: Psychology of the Individual
I.
Overview of the Psychology of the Individual
II.
Biography of Gordon Allport
III. Allport's Approach to Personality Theory
A. What Is Personality?
B. What Is the Role of Conscious Motivation?
C. What Are the Characteristics of a Healthy Person?
IV. Structure of Personality
A. Personal Dispositions
1.
Levels of Personal Dispositions
a. Cardinal Dispositions
b. Central Dispositions
c. Secondary Dispositions
2.
Motivational and Stylistic Dispositions
B. Proprium
V.
Motivation
A. Reactive and Proactive Theories of Motivation
B. Functional Autonomy
1.
Preservative Functional Autonomy
2.
Propriate Functional Autonomy
3.
Criterion for Functional Autonomy
4.
Processes That Are Not Functionally
Autonomous
C. Conscious and Unconscious Motivation
VI. The Psychologically Healthy Personality
VII. The Study of the Individual
A. Morphogenic Science
B. The Diaries of Marion Taylor
C. Letters from Jenny
VIII.. Related Research
A. The Religious Orientation Scale
B. Religion, Prayer, and Health
IX. Critique of Allport
X.
Concept of Humanity
XI. Key Terms and Concepts
Chapter 14: Eysenck, McCrae, and Costa's Factor and Trait Theories
I.
Overview of Factor and Trait Theories
II.
Biography of Hans J. Eysenck
III.
The Pioneering Work of Raymond B. Cattell
IV.
Basics of Factor Analysis
V.
Eysenck's Factor Theory
A. Criteria for Identifying Factors
B. Hierarchy of Behavior Organization
VI.
Dimensions of Personality
A. Extraversion
B. Neuroticism
C. Psychoticism
VII.
Measuring Personality
VIII.
Biological Bases of Personality
IX.
Personality as a Predictor
A. Personality and Behavior
B. Personality and Disease
X.
The Big Five: Taxonomy or Theory?
XI.
Biographies of Robert R. McCrae and Paul T. Costa, Jr.
XII
In Search of the Big Five
A. Five Factors Found
B. Description of the Five Factors
XIII.
Evolution of the Five-Factor Theory
A. Units of the Five Factor Theory
1.
Core Components of Personality
a..
Basic Tendencies
b.
Characteristic Adaptations
c.
Self-Concept
2.
Peripheral Components
a.
Biological Bases
b.
Objective Biography
c.
External Influences
B. Basic Postulates
1.
Postulates for Basic Tendencies
2.
Postulates for Characteristic
Adaptations
XIV.
Related Research
A. Personality and Creative Scientists and Artists
B. Biology and Personality
C. Personality and Culture
D. Five-Factor Model Across Culture
E. Stability of Traits Over the Lifespan
XV.
Critique of Trait and Factor Theories
XVI.
Concept of Humanity
XVII. Key Terms and Concepts
Part V Learning Theories
Chapter 15 Skinner: Behavioral Analysis
I.
Overview of Behavioral Analysis
II.
Biography of B. F. Skinner
III.
Precursors to Skinner's Scientific Behaviorism
IV.
Scientific Behaviorism
V.
A. Philosophy of Science
B. Characteristics of Science
VI.
Conditioning
A. Classical Conditioning
B. Operant Conditioning
1. Shaping
2. Reinforcement
a. Positive Reinforcement
b. Negative Reinforcement
3. Punishment
a. Effects of Punishment
b. Punishment and Reinforcement Compared
4. Conditioned and Generalized Reinforcers
5. Schedules of Reinforcement
a. Fixed-Ratio
b. Variable-Ratio
c. Fixed-Interval
d. Variable-Interval
6. Extinction
VII.
The Human Organism
A. Natural Selection
B. Cultural Evolution
C. Inner States
1. Self-Awareness
2. Drives
3. Emotions
4. Purpose and Intention
D. Complex Behavior
1. Higher Mental Processes
2. Creativity
3. Unconscious Behavior
4. Dreams
5. Social Behavior
E. Control of Human Behavior
1. Social Control
2. Self-Control
VIII.
The Unhealthy Personality
A. Counteracting Strategies
B. Inappropriate Behaviors
IX.
Psychotherapy
X.
Related Research
A. How Conditioning Affects Personality
B. How Personality Affects Conditioning
XI.
Critique of Skinner
XII.
XIII.
Concept of Humanity
Key Terms and Concepts
Chapter 16. Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory
I.
Overview o Social Cognitive Theory
IL.
Biography of Albert Bandura
IIL.
Learning
A.
Observational Learning
1. Modeling
2. Processes Governing Observational Learning
a. Attention
b. Representation
c. Behavioral Production
d. Motivation
B.
Enactive Learning
IV.
Triadic Reciprocal Causation
A.
An Example of Triadic Reciprocal Causation
B.
Chance Encounters and Fortuitous Events
V.
Human Agency
A.
Core Features of Human Agency
B.
Self-Efficacy
1.
What Is Self-Efficacy
2 What Contributes to Self-Efficacy?
a. Mastery Experiences
b. Social Modeling
c. Social Persuasion
d. Physical and Emotional States
C. Proxy Agency
D. Collective Efficacy
VI.
Self-Regulation
A.
External Factors in Self-Regulation
B.
Internal Factors in Self-Regulation
1. Self-Observation
2. Judgmental Process
3. Self-Reaction
C. Self-Regulation through Moral Agency
1. Redefine the Behavior
2, Disregard or Distort of the Consequences of
Behavior
3. Dehumanize or Blame the Victims
4. Displace or Diffuse Responsibility
VII.
Dysfunctional Behavior
A. Depression
B. Phobias
C. Aggression
VIII.
Therapy
IX. Related Research
A. Self-Efficacy and Shyness
B. Self-Efficacy, Gender, and Academic Achievement
X.
Critique of Bandura
XI.
Concept of Humanity
XII.
Key Terms and Concepts
Chapter 17 Rotter and Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory
I.
Overview of Cognitive Social Learning Theory
I.
Biography of Julian Rotter
II.
Introduction to Rotter's Social Learning Theory
III.
Predicting Specific Behaviors
A.
Behavior Potential
B.
Expectancy
C.
Reinforcement Value
D
Psychological Situation
E.
Basic Prediction Formula
IV.
Predicting General Behaviors
A.
Generalized Expectancies
B.
Needs
1.
Categories of Needs
a.
Recognition-Status
b.
Dominance
c.
Independence
d.
Protection-Dependency
e.
Love and Affection
f.
Physical Comfort
2.
Need Components
a.
Need Potential
b.
Freedom of Movement
c.
Need Value
C.
General Prediction Formula
D.
Internal and External Control of Reinforcement
E.
Interpersonal Trust Scale
V.
Maladaptive Behavior
VI.
Psychotherapy
A.
Changing Goals
B.
Eliminating Low Expectancies
VII.
Introduction to Mischel's Cognitive-Affective
Personality System
VIII.
Biography of Walter Mischel
IX.
Background of the Cognitive-Affective Personality System
A.
Consistency Paradox
B.
Person-Situation Interaction
X.
Cognitive-Affective Personality System
A.
Behavior Prediction
B.
Situation Variables
C.
Cognitive-Affective Units
1.
Encoding Strategies
2.
Competencies and Self-Regulatory Strategies
3.
Expectancies and Beliefs
4.
Goals and Values
5.
Affective Responses
XI.
Related Research
A.
Locus of Control, Depression, and Suicide
B. Person-Situation Interaction
XII.
Critique of Cognitive Social Learning Theory
XIII.
Concept of Humanity
XIV.
Key Terms and Concepts
Chapter 18 Kelly: Psychology of Personal Constructs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VIL.
VIII.
IX.
Overview of Personal Construct Theory
Biography of George Kelly
Kelly's Philosophical Position
A. Person as Scientist
B. Scientist as Person
C. Constructive Alternativism
Personal Constructs
A. Basic Postulate
B. Supporting Corollaries
1. Similarities Among Events
2. Differences Among People
3. Relationships Among Constructs
4. Dichotomy of Constructs
5. Choice Between Dichotomies
6. Range of Convenience
7. Experience and Learning
8. Adaptation to Experience
9. Incompatible Constructs
10.
Similarities Among People
11.
Social Processes
Applications of Personal Construct Theory
A. Abnormal Development
1. Threat
2. Fear
3. Anxiety
4. Guilt
B. Psychotherapy
C. The Rep Test
Related Research
A. Gender As a Personal Construct
B.
Smoking and Self-Concept
Critique of Kelly
Concept of Humanity
Key Terms and Concepts