Name: ___________________________
nd
1. Force A push or a pull. Every motion starts with this.
2. Balanced Force A force that is equal in size and opposite in direction.
3. Unbalanced Force A force that change the motion of an object. They occur when one force is greater than the others.
4. Friction When two objects rub against each other. It makes an object slow down or stops moving.
5. Air Resistence The friction between an object and air.
6. 1 st
Law of Motion The law of motion that states that an object in motion stays in motion and an object at rest stays at rest until acted on by and outside force.
7. 2 nd Law of Motion The law of motion that states that both the size of the force and the mass of the object itself affect the object’s acceleration.
8. 3 rd
Law of Motion The law of motion that states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
9. Newton The SI unit of force (N)
10. Inertia The tendency of an object to keep its same motion.
11.
Speed is how fast an object is moving. The formula is distance divided by time.
12. Velocity is the speed and the direction of an object

13.
Acceleration is how fast an object changes its velocity. This occurs when a moving object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction.
14. Momentum is a property of motion. It depends on the mass and velocity of an object.
15. Joule is the SI unit of measurement for energy and work.
16. Simple Machine is a machine with few or no moving parts that makes it easier to do work.
17. Compound Machine is a machine made of two or more simple machines working together.
18. Lever is a simple machine made of a bar that rotates, or turns around a fixed point call the fulcrum. It is used to lift weight.
19. Effort is force applied to a simple machine.
20. Resistance is force exerted by something you are trying to move.
21. Fulcrum is a point around which a lever pivots or rotates.
22. Pulley is a simple machine made of a wheel with a groove around the outside. It needs a rope, cable or belt to make it do work by changing the direction of a force.
23. Wheel and Axel is a simple machine made of a wheel fixed to a rod, or axle; both rotate together. The wheel turns on a post to help move things quickly and easily.
24. Inclined Plane is a simple machine made from a slanted/sloped surface that is higher on one end, used to make lifting easier.
25. Wedge is a simple machine made from two inclined planes together used to raise an object, split an object, or hold an object in place.
26. Screw is a simple machine made from an inclined plane wrapped around a pole or shaft that is used to hold materials together or drill holes.

27. Rotation the time it takes to spin on its axis (1day).
28. Revolution the time it takes to orbit the sun once.
29. Orbit the elliptical path an object takes in space while revolving around another object.
30. Moon a natural satellite of a planet.
31. Gravity The force that governs the motion of our solar system.
32. Planets large bodies that orbit a star.
33. Comet A mixture of ices, rock, and dust loosely with an elliptical orbit around the sun. Radiation from the sun causes a tail to form, that points away from the sun.
34. Galilean Moons The largest of the Jupiter’s moons. They are Io, Europa,
Ganymede, and Callisto.
35. Meteoroids Rocky fragments of comets, planets, moons, or asteroids without an orbit.
36. Meteors Meteoroids that have entered an atmosphere.
37. Meteorites Any part of a meteoroid that survives passage through the atmosphere and lands on the surface of a planet or a moon.
38. Asteroids left over rocks or metals from the formation of the solar system that are smaller than a planet but larger than a meteor.
39.
Crust the thin, outermost layer of the Earth. This layer consists of ocean plates and continental plates.
40.
Oceanic Crust Made of dense basaltic rock. These plates carry the continental plates across the surface of the Earth.
41.
Continental Crust Made of light granite rock. This crust rides on the oceanic crust.

42.
Lithosphere the crust and the upper rigid layer of the mantle move together and form the plates of the Earth.
43.
Mantle the largest layer of the Earth located directly under the crust. This layer is composed of very hot, dense, flowing rock.
44.
Asthenosphere the middle layer of the mantle. This is the layer that flows and moves the plates of the Earth.
45.
Outer Core the layer located directly under the mantle. This layer is composed of liquid nickel and iron.
46.
Inner Core The center of the earth that is composed of nickel and iron under such great temperatures and pressures that the metals are in a solid state of motion.
47.
Plates the thin, fragile, and rigid lithosphere is broken up into 12 main pieces. These pieces move very slowly at about 1 inch to 4 inches per year.
48.
Convection Currents the circular current caused by the difference in temperatures from the bottom to the top of the mantle.
49. Plate Tectonics/Continental Drift Theory A theory that states that the
Earth's surface is broken into pieces that move and have moved for millions of years.
50. Pangea super continent 250 million years ago. The seven continents were all connected together into one huge land mass.
51.
Convergent Plate Boundary A boundary in which two plates collide causing mountain building or a subduction zone.
52.
Divergent Plate Boundary A boundary in which two plates are separating and moving in opposite directions.
53.
Transform Plate Boundary A boundary in which two plates scrape and slide past each other.

54.
Subduction Zone is formed at a convergent plate boundary. One plate is lighter and thicker than the other causing the thinner denser plate to be driven down into the mantle.
55. Magma The molten rock under the Earth’s surface. It is full of gas and under extreme pressures.
56. Normal Fault A fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall.
57. Reverse Fault is a fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall.
58. Strike-slip Fault is a fault in which the two fault blocks move past each other horizontally.
59. Igneous Rock The type of rock that forms when hot, liquid, or magma cool and hardens.
60. Sedimentary Rock is the type of rock that forms when particles of rock, or sediment, collect and harden into the new rock.
61. Metamorphic Rock is a type of rock that forms when existing rocks are heated or squeezed.
62. Weathering The process by which water, ice, heat, and wind act to break down rocks.
63. Erosion is the process by which particles of rock are removed from their source the removal and transport of rock and soil by the flow of water and by the actions of gravity, wind, and ice.
64. Deposition is the process in which water, ice wind and gravity drop newly formed sediments.
65. Cell The basic unit of structure and function in living things.
66. Nucleus A cell structure that contains the genetic information the
cells need.

67. DNA The hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell, contains the information to make new cells, and provides instructions for making proteins.
68. Genes A segment of DNA that carries hereditary instructions and is
passed from parent to offspring.
69. Eukaryote Cells with a nucleus. eu = true karyote = nucleus
70. Prokaryote An organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus.
pro = before karyote = nucleus
71. Multicellular Many celled organisms. Examples: plant, animal, fungi
72. Unicellular One celled organisms.
73.
Autotrophic An organism that can make its own food. (producers)
74. Heterotrophic Organisms that must eat in order to survive. (consumers)
75. Taxonomy A field of biology that study how living things are classified.
76. Taxa A further broken-down level of classification found within each kingdom according to similarities. They include Phylum, Class, Order,
Family, Genus and Species.
77. Archaeabacteria one celled organisms that live in extreme environments.
78. Eubacteria consists of most bacteria. They are single-celled organisms.
79. Protista consists of simple eukaryotes, multi-cellular organisms.
80. Fungi consists of yeast and fungus members. These break down organic materials to obtain food .
81. Plantae houses all plant members. (ex. flowers, corn, moss, ferns and trees)

82. Animalia consists of humans and all animals. (ex. insects, mammals, reptiles, birds and amphibians)
83. Biotic living components in the environment.
84. Abiotic non-living components in the environment.
85. Population All members of a species living together in the same area at the same time.
86. Community All of the populations of different species that live in the same area.
87. Ecosystem A community of organisms and their nonliving environment.
88. Organism Any living thing that can carry out all of the basic life activities.
89. Domain The broadest group in the modern classification system.
1. Write Newton’s 1 st Law of Motion
The law of motion that states that an object in motion stays in motion and an object at rest stays at rest until acted on by and outside force.
2. The 1 st law of motion is also called the law of Inertia .
3.
Newton’s 2 nd law shows how 3 things are linked together. What are those
3 things?
•
Force
•
Mass
•
Acceleration
4. Force is measured in a unit called Newton .

5. What is the formula for the 2 nd law?
The law of motion that states that both the size of the force and the mass of the object itself affect the object’s acceleration.
6.
Write Newton’s 3 rd Law of Motion
The law of motion that states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
7. What 2 things do you have to know before you can find the speed of
something?
•
Distance
•
Time
8. What is the formula for finding speed?
Speed = Distance
Time
9. A football field is about 100m long. If it takes a person 20 seconds to run
its length, how fast were they running?
Speed = 100m
20sec
Speed = 5 m/sec
10. If you drive at 100 km/hr for 6 hours, how far will you go?
100 km/hr = x (distance)
6 hours
Distance = 600 km
11. If you run at 12 m/min for 15 minutes, how far will you go?

12 m/min = x (distance)
15 min
Distance = 180 m
12. The fastest train in the world moves at 500 km/hr. How far will it go in 3 hours?
500 km/hr = x (distance)
3 hr
Distance = 1500 km
13. What is the formula for work?
Work (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
14. The unit of force is measured in Newtons (N) .
15. The unit of distance is measured in Meters (m).
16. The unit of work is measured in Joules (J)
17. List the 6 types of simple machines AND list the reason why you would use that type of simple machine.
•
Lever
•
Use: To lift weight
Pulley
Use: To change the direction of the force
•
Wheel and Axel
Use: Move things quick and easily
•
Inclined Plane
Use: Make lifting easier
•
Wedge
Use: Raise, split or hold an object

•
Screw
Use: Hold materials together
18. What is the advantage of using each of the below pulleys?
Fixed Pulley – Change direction of force
Moveable Pulley – Change the amount of force
.
Compound Pulley – Change the amount and direction of the force
19. What is the center of our solar system?
The sun
20. What 2 gasses is the sun made of?
•
Hydrogen
•
Helium
21. Name the planets in order starting with the planet closest to the sun and working out.
•
Mercury
•
Venus
•
Earth
•
Mars

•
Jupiter
•
Saturn
•
Uranus
•
Neptune
•
Pluto (dwarf planet)
22. The Sun is the center of our solar system, and creates a large amount of gravitational force. If this system lost the Sun, what would happen to the planets?
The planets would travel in a straight line.
23. A probe is a vehicle designed to carry instruments, but not crew. List some places we could most likely send a probe. Saturn
24. The space shuttle differed from previous space vehicles because it ……
was reusable
25. What is the orbit paths of most of the planets in our solar system?
Elliptical
1. The planet we call Earth has how many layers?
4
2. Write them in order from the center to the outside of the planet.
•
Inner Core
•
Outer Core
•
Mantle
•
Crust
3. Name the 2 different crusts found on our Earth.

•
Oceanic Crust
•
Continental Crust
4. The crust and the upper layer of the mantle together make up a zone of rigid, brittle rocks called?
Lithosphere
5. Name the layer of the Earth that flows and moves the plates of the Earth.
Mantle
6. What are the 3 general classes of rocks?
•
Igneous
•
Sedimentary
•
Metamorphic
7.
What does “igneous” mean?
Born of fire
8. What is the difference between lava and magma?
Magma in inside the Earth, Lava is on the surface of the Earth
9. What are the 4 ways Sedimentary Rock can be formed?
•
Erosion
•
Deposition
•
Compaction
•
Cementation
10. Metamorphic Rocks are formed when an existing rock is partially melted, squeezed, or both.
12. What is weathering?
The process by which water, ice, heat, and wind act to break down rocks.
13. What is erosion?
The process by which particles of rock are removed from their source the removal and transport of rock and soil by the flow of water and by the actions of gravity, wind, and ice.

14. What is deposition?
The process in which water, ice wind and gravity drop newly formed sediments.
15. Explain how weathering, erosion and deposition processes are tied together.
Weathering begins the process. It is when rocks are broken apart.
Erosion happens next as the fragments of rocks are carried to another location. Deposition is when the sediments are deposited in a new location.
Label the 3 types of cells.
A. __ Plant Cell ___________________

B. ___ Animal Cell ___________________
C. __ Bacteria Cell _________________
1. What is found in the nucleus of a plant and animal cell?
DNA
2. What are the 6 Kingdoms of Life?
•
Archaeabacteria
•
Eubacteria
•
Protista
•
Fungi
•
Plantae
•
Animalia
3. There are 7 levels in the classification system of organisms. Start with the broadest level first:
• Kingdom
• Phylum

• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
4. Eubacteria kingdom consists of most bacteria.
5. Protista kingdom consists of simple eukaryotes, multi-cellular organisms. (mold)
6. Fungi kingdom consists of fungus & yeasts members. These break down organic materials to obtain food.
7. Plantae kingdom consists of all plants.
8. Animalia kingdom consists of Humans and ALL animals.
9. What is the difference between biotic and abiotic?
Biotic is living, Abiotic is non-living
10. Archaeabacteria is the kingdom that consists of bacteria found in extreme environments.
11. Which is Abiotic and Biotic? a. ___ Biotic ____________ b. ____ Biotic ____________

c. ______Biotic__________ d. _____Abiotic__________ e. ______ Abiotic _______________ f. ___ Biotic ____________