Name ___________________________________ 1
Date____________________________________
Geology
Unit Essential Question
What processes affect change within the layer of the Earth?
Vocabulary: Match the meanings in Column A with the word in Column B
Column A
Column B
_____1. Theory of how continents move over the Earth’s surface.
A. Continental Drift
_____ 2. Shaking of the ground caused by a sudden release of
energy into the Earth’s crust.
B. Fault
C. Earthquake
_____ 3. Molten rock from the mantle
D. Volcano
_____4. Place where pieces of the Earth’s crust move
E. Magma
_____ 5. A mountain formed by lava and ash
A. Crust
_____6. Rigid block of crust and upper mantle-rock
B. Erosion
_____7. Middle layer of Earth
C. Core
_____8. Process of moving sediment from one place to another
D. Mantle
_____9. Outer, very thin layer of Earth
E. Plate
_____10. Center and hottest layer of Earth
Name ___________________________________ 2
Date____________________________________
Science Concepts and Understanding
Directions: Write the letter of the best possible answer on the line provided.
______ 11. Breaking rock into silt and other
tiny pieces is known as
A. mass movement
B. weathering
C. deposition
_____ 13. You find a rock with pieces of
seashells in it. Which kind of rock is it?
A. Volcanic
B. Sedimentary
C. Metamorphic
_____ 15. When the plates in Earth’s crust
grind past each other, the result is ________?
A. Earthquakes
B. Mudslides
C. Volcanoes
_____12. What is needed to change a
sedimentary rock into a metamorphic rock?
A. erosion
B. heat and pressure
C. melting
_____14. Which of the following best
describes a mineral?
A. A compound made from living matter
B. A solid material arranged in a repeating
pattern
C. Hot, soft rock from the Earth’s mantle
_____16. Which would most likely cause
many of the highest mountains to form?
A. The sudden release of energy as plates
scrape past each other
B. Magma bubbling up between plates that
are pulling apart
C. Two continental plates colliding.
Name ___________________________________ 3
Date____________________________________
Use the word bank to complete the sentences
Mineral
hardness
rock
luster
Rock cycle
streak
17. A mineral’s ______________________________ describes how its surface looks when light
reflects from it.
18. When you rub a mineral against a white tile, its _________________________ is the color
of the powder left behind.
19. A mineral’s ________________________________ is its ability to resist being scratched.
20. _________________ is a natural solid that has its particles arranged in a crystal pattern.
21. The ______________________________ is the pattern of slow changes in rocks from one
kind to another.
22. Material made up of one or more minerals’ is called ______________________________.
Science Reading and Thinking Skills: Concepts and Understanding
For questions 23-25 use the following chart. Choose the best answer
1
Talc
2
Gypsum
3
Calcite
MOH’S HARDNESS SCALE
1 is the softest, 10 is the hardest.
4
5
6
7
Fluorite Apatite Orthoclase Quartz
_______ 23. Which of the following minerals is the hardest?
A. Gypsum
B. Talc
C. Topaz
_________24. Which of the following minerals is the softest?
A. Fluorite
B. Talc
C. Diamond
______ 25. Which of the following minerals can scratch corundum?
A. Diamond
B. Apatite
8
Topaz
9
10
Corundum Diamond
Name ___________________________________ 4
Date____________________________________
Geology: Application
Answer the following questions. Explain your answer using complete sentences.
26. Which would be a better model of the Earth’s layers?
A. An orange
B. A peach
Explain the choice you made:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
27. Label the four layer of the Earth: