KEY
Name _________________________________________________________ Hour ________
Earthquake, Volcano and Mountain
Notes
Directions: Complete the diagram and the questions below as we discuss them in class.
Mid-ocean Ridge
Trench
Folded
Mountains
Volcano
Magma
Melting
Oceanic Plate
MID OCEAN RIDGE
1. Magma from the mantle rises along a ________________________________________.
This is an area of ________________________________________________.
This is
OCEAN FLOOR SPREADING
an area of growth, the ocean is getting bigger, more land is being added. These two
plates are diverging (pulling away from each other).
MID OCEAN RIDGE
2. ________________________________________.
Example: Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
3. When an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental plate, it forms a deep
_____________
along the edge. The deepest trench in the world is next to Japan. It is
TRENCH
about 36,000 feet deep! There is another trench along the west coast of North and South
America.
4. When an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental plate, it also forms
___________________________________
along the edge. These are NEVER
FOLDED
MOUNTAINS
volcanoes, they are folded mountains.
5. _______________________________.
When an oceanic plate dives deep enough, it
MELTING OCEAN
melts
and
turns
into
magma
and
rises.
PLATE
6. _______________________________.
When an oceanic plate melts, the magma is less
VOLCANO
dense and it rises. When it rises to the surface, volcanoes are formed.
7. _______________________________.
Earthquakes happen when plates that are
EARTHQUAKES
moving past each other get stuck, and then release.
The Earth’s Layers
1. Do not eat your M&M! Carefully observe your M&M. Notice the color, shape, size, texture and smell of
your M&M. Write your observations here:
2. Once you have noted the external characteristics of the M&M, carefully bite your M&M in half so that you
can see the inside. Write down your observations about the inside of the M&M:
3. How is the inside of the peanut M&M similar to the inside of the Earth?
4. How is the inside of the peanut M&M different from the inside of the Earth?
5. Now you can eat the M&M. Draw and label a diagram of the layers inside the Earth below.
6. Complete the following chart about the layers of the Earth.
Name of Layer
Thickness
Made of?
State of
Matter
Solid
Rocks
Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic
Solid
Mostly solid rock, has some soft
Mantle
melted rock
1400 miles
Metals
Iron and Nickel
LIQUID
Outer Core
Metals
Solid
Radius is
Iron and Nickel
Inner Core
800 miles
* Oceanic Crust (3.0 – 3.3 g/ml) is denser than Continental Crust (2.7 – 3.0 g/ml).
Crust
4-32 miles
1800 miles
Approximate
Density
2.7 - 3.3 g/ml *
3.3 - 5.7 g/ml
9.9-12.2 g/ml
12.6 -13.0 g/ml
7. DENSITY
____________________ played a big part in the formation of the earth. Heavier materials formed the core
of the Earth and the “lighter” materials formed the layers around the core.
8. Calculate the densities of the following materials:
Substance
1. Gold
2. Oxygen
3. Water
4. Helium
5. Mercury
6. Copper
Mass (in grams)
193.2 g
1.33 g
10.0 g
1.663 g
67.75 g
224 g
Volume (in cubic
cm)
10 cm3
100 cm3
10cm3
10,000 cm3
5 cm3
25 cm3
Density in g/cm3
19.32
0.0133
1.00
0.000163
13.55
8.96