Biology
Lab #12 Mutations
De Stigter
Name/ID_______________
Period _________________
30
1. Label the following as deletion, point mutation, duplication, insertion, or inversion. Use the
definitions found at the end of the assignment. The original code is as follows:
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
The fat ate the wee rat. ______________
The fat tar eew eht eta tac. ______________
The fat cat xlw ate the wee rat. ______________
The fat caa tet hew eer at. ______________
The fat hat ate the wee rat. ______________
The fat cat ate the wee rat. The fat cat ate the wee rat. _________________
2. A cell is going through mitosis. As it does so, it copies its DNA. What is the remaining half of
DNA code.
DNA CODE…CAG – TAT – CCG – AGG – GTA – CAT
DNA CODE…___________________________________
3. The same section of DNA code now needs to make proteins for the cell. In order to do so, the
cell undergoes transcription to make RNA. What is the new code found on the RNA?
DNA CODE…CAG – TAT – CCG – AGG – GTA – CAT
RNA CODE…___________________________________
4. Where do proteins get made? (2 places)
__________________
__________________
5. Look at the following mRNA codes. Then decipher the type of mutation. One mutation comes
from your notes.
Normal mRNA Code – AUGAAGUUUGGCGCAUUGUAA
5a. AUGAAGUUGGCGCAUUGUAA ________________________
5b. AUGAAGUUUGUGCGCAUUGUAA __________________________
5c. AUGAAGUUUAGCGCAUUGUAA __________________________
5d. AUGAAGUUUGGCGCAUUGUAAAUGAAGUUUGGCGCAUUGUAA
_______________________________
5e. AAUGUUACGCGGUUUGAAGUA _____________________________
6. What are the amino acids that should be made from question #5?
What are the amino acids that are made from 5a?
What are the amino acids that are made from 5b?
What are the amino acids that are made from 5c?
What are the amino acids that are made from 5d?
What are the amino acids that are made from 5e?
7. What are the 4 nitrogen bases and what are their symbols?
Deletion
Mutations that result in missing DNA are called deletions. These can be small, such as the removal of just one
letter, word, or longer deletions that affect a large number of genes on the chromosome. Deletions can also
cause frame-shift mutations.
Point Mutation
A point mutation is a simple change in one base of the gene sequence. This is equivalent to changing one letter
in a sentence, but keeping the remaining letters the same.
Inversion
In an inversion mutation, an entire section of DNA is reversed. A small inversion may involve only a few bases
within a gene, while longer inversions involve large regions of a chromosome containing several genes.
Duplication
A duplication error happens in many different forms. One way is during meiosis where homologous fail to
separate to different poles causing offspring to have to duplicate or copied sets of the same gene. (extra copies
of a gene)
Insertion
Mutations that result in the addition of extra DNA are called insertions. Insertions can also cause frame-shift
mutations, and generally results in a nonfunctional protein.
First Base in
Codon
A
G
T
C
Third Base
in Codon
Second Base in Codon
A
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine
Leucine
Leucine
Leucine
Leucine
Leucine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Isoleucine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Valine
Valine
Valine
Valine
G
Serine
Serine
Serine
Serine
Proline
Proline
Proline
Proline
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Alanine
Alanine
Alanine
Alanine
T
Tyrosine
Tyrosine
Stop
Stop
Histidine
Histidine
Glutamine
Glutamine
Asparagine
Asparagine
Lysine
Lysine
Aspartate
Aspartate
Glutamate
Glutamate
C
Cysteine
Cysteine
Stop
Tryptophan
Arginine
Arginine
Arginine
Arginine
Serine
Serine
Arginine
Arginine
Glycine
Glycine
Glycine
Glycine
A
G
T
C
A
G
T
C
A
G
T
C
A
G
T
C