The biogeography of abundant and rare bacterioplankton
in the lakes and reservoirs of China
Lemian Liu1, Jun Yang1*, Zheng Yu1 and David M. Wilkinson2
1
Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of
Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People’s Republic of China
2School
of Natural Science and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street,
Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
Supplementary Information
Summary
The supplementary information includes six supplementary figures and two
supplementary tables.
Figure S1 Rarefaction curves of similarity-based operational taxonomic unit (OTUs)
at cluster distance value of 0.03. Left - the individual samples, right - the combined
set of 42 samples.
Figure S2 The number of OTUs and sequences of always abundant (the OTUs
with > 1% abundance in all samples), normally abundant (the OTUs with > 1%
abundance were present > 70% of the samples), Oscillating (the OTUs does not fall
in any of the other categories), normally rare (the OTUs with < 0.01% abundance
were present > 70% of the samples), and always rare bacteria (the OTUs with <
0.01% abundance in all samples).
Figure S3 MultiCoLA profiles based on the dataset-cutoff approaches. The rare
OTUs were removed (A-C), and the rare OTUs were retained (D-F) in each
truncated dataset. Abundance of OTUs in each truncated dataset (A, D).
Non-parametric Spearman correlations comparing the deviation in complete data
structure between the original matrix and truncated matrices (B, E). Comparison of
most important axes of extracted variation between the original and truncated
datasets (C, F). Lacking points are due to sample loss by applying a given cutoff to
the original dataset. The red line indicated the threshold of abundant OTUs (32.0%),
and the blue line indicated the threshold of rare OTUs (2.7%) in this study,
respectively.
Figure S4 Spearman’s rank correlation between the Euclidean distance and
geographical distance (n is the number of comparison, all ten environmental
variables were used, see material and methods).
Figure S5 Frequency distribution of abundant and rare bacterial OTUs from 42
inland lakes and reservoirs of China.
Figure S6 Community composition of abundant bacterial taxa compared with rare
bacterial taxa in 42 lakes and reservoirs of China. Values and error bars indicate
mean and standard error, respectively. ns – not significant, * – P < 0.05 (t test).
Table S1 Sample information from 42 lakes and reservoirs of China
Lake name
Lat. (°N)
Long. (°E)
Depth (m)
Region
No. of OTUs
Bantou R.
Dongzhen R.
24.67
25.48
118.02
118.94
8.0
21.4
Hubian R.
Shidou R.
Tingxi R.
Baiyangdian L.
24.50
24.69
24.80
38.94
118.15
118.01
118.14
115.98
6.8
13.6
23.6
1.3
Dongping L.
Hengshui L.
Hongze L.
Luoma L.
35.97
37.62
33.28
34.05
116.19
115.63
118.73
118.22
3.4
1.3
2.3
3.5
Weishan L.
Daihai L.
Donghaizi L.
Hasuhai L.
34.64
40.57
40.63
40.61
117.28
112.67
107.00
110.97
2.2
8.6
1.5
1.5
1223
868
1099
1074
1043
1715
1350
1392
1143
1126
1516
Quansanhaizi L.
Shahu L.
Shenglihaizi L.
Wuliangsuhai L.
Xinghai L.
Yuehai L.
Bei’er L.
Huhenuo’er L.
Hulun L.
Wulanpao L.
Amutapao L.
Dongxintunnanpao L.
Kulipao L.
Lamasipao L.
Qijiapao L.
Tianhu L.
Xinhuangpao L.
Xinmiaopao L.
Yueliangpao L.
Chaohu L.
Gucheng L.
Longgan L.
Liangzi L.
Nanyi L.
Shijiu L.
Shengjin L.
Taibai L.
Taihu L.
41.07
38.83
41.12
40.87
38.99
38.56
47.93
49.30
49.12
48.36
46.61
46.81
45.37
46.29
46.82
46.87
45.63
45.21
45.74
31.52
31.28
29.94
30.24
31.12
31.47
30.39
29.96
31.22
107.87
106.36
107.83
108.79
106.40
106.20
117.70
119.23
117.54
117.52
124.06
124.26
124.50
124.10
124.28
124.40
123.76
124.45
124.00
117.56
118.92
116.17
114.51
118.98
118.89
117.04
115.80
120.14
1.5
2.3
4.0
2.6
1.5
0.9
5.4
1.8
3.2
1.6
2.1
2.0
2.2
2.1
1.8
1.3
1.6
1.8
4.1
3.8
4.2
3.0
3.0
4.4
5.3
5.0
2.3
3.1
FJ
FJ
FJ
FJ
FJ
ECC
ECC
ECC
ECC
ECC
ECC
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
IM
NEC
NEC
NEC
NEC
NEC
NEC
NEC
NEC
NEC
CJ
CJ
CJ
CJ
CJ
CJ
CJ
CJ
CJ
1247
816
1165
972
1121
1099
1232
1162
1257
1167
1479
1529
1564
1251
2026
1751
1894
1913
1587
1299
1989
1830
1755
1283
1623
1616
1550
1692
1632
1416
1280
Table S2 General description of all, abundant and rare OTUs data sets at 97%
similarity level
OTU number
Sequence number
Chao 1
ACE
ALL OTUs
10559
1105524
10791 ± 22 10952 ± 48
Abundant OTUs
143 (1.4%)
751588 (68.0%)
Rare OTUs
7598 (72.0%)
29824 (2.7%)
Abundant OTUs were defined as the OTUs with an abundance > 1% in a sample and a mean
relative abundance of > 0.1% in all samples.
Rare OTUs were defined as the OTUs with an abundance < 0.01% in a sample and a mean
relative abundance of < 0.001% in all samples.