APPROVED Revision 2
June 17, 2014
PBAT Burn Plan Template
Users’ Manual
Introduction
The PBAT burn plan template is designed to be self-instructional if used as an Excel spreadsheet.
However, some of the tools used to assist the user depend upon at least a small degree of proficiency
with Excel and a thorough understanding of prescribed burning techniques and science. The template is
not intended to be a “cookbook” solution to writing a prescribed burn plan, but will be useful for trained
individuals who may not have easy access to some of the reference material they studied in their class.
The template will also help all users take a similar approach to preparing a plan. We hope this will lead
to sharing ideas and experiences. The template will likely continue to be modified and improved, at
least for a few years, until we reach some general agreement on its utility as it is at that time. The latest
version of the template is always posted on the PBAT website at http://pbatexas.org/Resources.aspx.
Look under Forms for the template and make sure you have the most recent one before you start a burn
plan.
One of the features of Excel that we have used is Worksheet Protection. This is a feature that allows the
user to only write in cells where it is okay to write. He or she cannot add or delete rows, columns, or
cells accidentally. This makes it easier for the beginning Excel user to work with the spreadsheet
without the fear of making a big mistake and not knowing how to recover. However, if you know how to
work with Excel, you can unprotect the worksheet and make whatever changes you want. The
password to unprotect the sheet is the number 6. A reminder of the password is at the bottom of the
main worksheet.
Another feature of Excel is Cell Comments. These are notes that can be added to a cell that give
suggestions on what is expected to be entered in the cell. Any cell with a small red triangle in its upper
right corner will have a comment included. Just hover over the cell with the cursor, and the comment
will pop up. If you have suggestions to improve the comments, or any other features of the template,
please send them to the Dave Redden at dredden00@gmail.com.
When starting a new plan from a downloaded copy of the template, the first step should be to save the
spreadsheet with a new file name. Usually this will involve the landowner’s last name and a date, such
as Landowner John 120930.xls, where the date is YYMMDD that the plan was prepared or submitted for
review. You can make up your on system for the file names. But remember that you will submit an
after-burn version of the plan also. It could be the same file name with a different date. Both can be
posted on the PBAT website along with other documents that are used in preparation and execution of
the burn.
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Page 1 – General Information, Previous Results, Burn Justification
Much of this page is self-explanatory. Just hover over the cell in the spreadsheet and read the
comments.
Page 1
PBAT Prescribed Burn Plan
Prepared By:
Plan #
Signature:
Date Plan Submitted:
TDA License No. (if CPBM)
Date Plan Filed:
Expiration Date:
County 1:
Ranch Name:
Pasture Name:
County 2:
Ranch Address:
City:
Acres to be Burned:
Burn Days Planned:
GPS Coordinates: N Lat:
Burn Boss:
E-mail Address:
Landowner:
Address:
City:
Phone:
W Long:
Burn Days Actual:
State:
Work:
Zip:
Cell:
Fax:
E-mail:
Alternate Contact:
Record of Previous Burning:
PREVIOUS BURN RESULTS:
Phone:
Date:
BURN JUSTIFICATION (goals, objectives, rationale, & purpose):
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
Enter your PBA name at the top in the large merged cell (row 3) under PBAT Prescribed Burn
Plan.

Prepared By (line 5) is the name of the person who prepared the burn plan. This is often the
burn boss or the landowner.

The Plan Number (line 5) is assigned when you post a burn plan to the PBAT web site. You have
to log in on the PBAT website to do this. All persons authorized to be plan reviewers or burn
bosses and all PBAT representatives and officers and committee chairs have been given this
authorization. However, they must log in themselves. If you need authorization to log in,
contact your PBAT representative and request it. The numbering system that is used by the web
site is the name of the PBA (such as EPPBA or SCTPBA) followed by three numbers beginning
with 001. The numbers are sequential and continue in the sequence from year to year for each
PBA.

Signature (line6). The plan may be signed electronically by entering the plan preparer’s name
and email address, such as Dave Redden, signed electronically dredden00@gmail.com. You can
also scan your signature and insert it as an image (jpeg). Or you can sign a paper copy with a
pen, scan it and save it as PDF file, then post that instead of posting the Excel file.

Date Plan Submitted (line 6) is the date submitted to the PBA for review. MM/DD/YYYY format
is preferred.

The TDA license number (line 7) is not required unless the preparer is a Texas Department of
Agriculture Certified Prescribed Burn Manager. In most cases, the preparer is expected to be
the landowner or his delegated burn boss. The plan should be reviewed and found complete
before it is posted on the PBAT website. Trained and experienced persons in your PBA and must
review the plan. So, even though it is prepared by the landowner, who may not be trained in
plan writing, he or she can make a first pass at it. This is educational for the landowner and
makes it more likely that he or she understands the issues that are considered in planning the
burn.

The Date Plan Filed (line 8) is the date the plan is posted on the PBAT website if it is posted.
This would normally occur at least 24 hours before the burn and likely more than that. Some of
the blanks cannot be filled in at that time. Those that cannot should be completed in the afterburn report. MM/DD/YYYY is the preferred format.

The Expiration Date (line 8) is assigned by the PBA reviewer or burn boss and will be based on
PBA practices and policies. Typically burn plans need to be resubmitted if seasons change or
objectives of the burn cannot be met with the prescription used. Ninety days is often a
reasonable time to get a burn done without a revised plan.

County 1 (line 9) is the primary county of the burn. If the burn unit crosses a county line, then
show the second county in County 2 (line 10).

Ranch Name (line 9) is self-explanatory. If there is no ranch name, you can use the landowner’s
name.

Pasture Name (line 9) is optional.

Ranch Address (line 11) is the physical address, often call the 911 address. It is where you want
emergency responders to go if they are needed.

City (line 11) is the town or post office associated with the 911 address. Or it can be the closest
named community even if there is not a Post Office for the community.
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
Acres to be Burned (line 12) is self-explanatory. The area can be estimated if not known
precisely. For an online area calculation using Google Maps® got to
http://www.daftlogic.com/projects-google-maps-area-calculator-tool.htm for a free map area
calculator. Scroll down to get instructions on how to use the program.

The GPS coordinates (line 12) are for the address of the ranch. Typically this is the gate to the
ranch or where emergency vehicles would come if they were needed. Although few VFDs
currently use GPS, this will likely change in the near future. Also, it helps volunteers find a ranch
if they are not familiar with the area but do have a GPS in their vehicle.

GPS coordinates are recommended in decimal degrees, but you can use whatever units you
prefer as long as you show the units clearly. Units are easy to convert. If you have Google
Earth®, for example, use whatever units you prefer and you can switch your preference at any
time.

Burn Days Planned (line 13) is the number of days you will have a fire. A portion of a day is a
day. Show only whole numbers of days.

Burn Days Actual (line 13) is the actual whole number of days in which there was fire on the
ground at the burn unit.

Burn boss or fire boss (line 14). Name of the person you (the preparer) expect to be the burn
boss. If that person changes after you submit the plan and it is posted on the PBAT web site,
then you can resubmit the plan with the change prior to the burn. If a different burn boss is
actually used on the day of the burn, then show who was actually in charge in the after-burn
report.

E-mail Address (line 14) is the address for the burn boss.

Landowner (line 15) is the name of the landowner or lessee.

Address (lines 15-19) is the landowner’s or lessee’s postal mailing address. Cells for the City,
State, and Zip code are also provided. Telephone contact information and email address for the
landowner or lessee should also be shown as well as an alternate contact if there is one
available.

Record of Previous Burning (lines 20-22). Show the Date in format MM/DD/YYYY for the most
recent previous burn in line 20. In line 22, comment on success or failure of last previous burn.
Did you meet your objectives? If it failed last time, are you doing the same thing this time or
something different?

Burn Justification (goals, objectives, rationale, & purpose): (lines 23-24) Typical goals and
objectives are for improving habitat for wildlife, improving range conditions for livestock, or
reducing excess fuel to reduce wildfire chances.
Page 2 – Notifications Required
Each county may have slightly different requirements for who needs to be notified when a prescribed
burn is conducted. Let your plan reviewer or others in the PBA help you if you are unsure. Each PBA can
prepare its own list of contacts and provide this for all members. A good way to do this would be to fill
in all blanks common to a county or PBA and make a template for that county or PBA. The disadvantage
of this is that each time a new PBAT template is released, the county or PBA templates will need to be
redone.
TCEQ notification is only required if the burn is in certain coastal counties where cord grass will be
burned or if the burn boss is certified by the Texas Department of Agriculture.
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TFS notification is required if a county burn ban is in effect where the burn will be performed, or if the
burn will be in a Forest Management area, or if the burn boss is certified by the Texas Department of
Agriculture.
If burning in a burn ban and the burn boss is certified through TDA, then it is necessary to notify in
writing the County Judge, Commissioners Court, or their designee prior to the burn. There may be other
requirements on a county by county basis for burn associations, or the general public to allow burning
during a burn ban.
Page 2
NOTIFICATIONS BEFORE BURN
Contacts
Please check box when completed.
Phone Number
Talked to
Date
Notes
Phone Number
Talked to
Date
Notes
Fire Dept.
Sheriff Dept.
TCEQ
TFS
County Govt
Utilities
Electric
Gas/Oil
Telephone
Other
NOTIFICATIONS AFTER BURN
Contacts
Please check box when completed
Phone Number
Talked to
Date
Time
Notes
Fire Dept.
Sheriff Dept.
TCEQ
TFS
County Govt
NOTIFICATION BEFORE BURN
Neighbors
Please check box when completed
Phone Number
Talked to
Date
Notes
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
Fire Dept (lines 27, 28 and 45, 46) - In most counties, the VFDs are notified through sheriff's
office (dispatcher). If so, show same number for both fire and sheriff.

TCEQ (lines 29 and 47) - TCEQ notification is required only if burning cord grass in coastal
counties or if the burn boss is Texas Dept of Agriculture certified.

TFS (lines 30 and 48) - Texas A&M Forest Service notification is required if burning in any Forest
Management areas or if the burn boss is certified by Texas Dept of Agriculture. Some counties
may also require TFS notification for other conditions.

County Govt (line 31 and 49) - If burning in a burn ban and the burn boss is certified through
TDA, then it is necessary to notify in writing the County Judge, Commissioners Court, or their
designee prior to the burn. There may be other requirements on a county by county basis for
burn associations, or the general public to allow burning during a burn ban.

Utilities (lines 36 – 41) – Some utilities may have right-or-way or facility easements on the
property. They should be notified if the planned burn will likely affect their equipment. If you
do so, it is encouraged that you document your contact with the person you spoke to and the
date and time of the conversation.
Notification of Neighbors (lines 55 – 76) - List adjoining neighbors first then others that may
raise some concern especially downwind of the burn and those that may have medical concerns.
The first call or other contact should be made long before the burn is executed and a follow up
call when you know the day you will burn. By calling well ahead of the burn it gives you more
time to deal with issues that this person may have. The more neighbors you inform ahead of
time the less commotion you will cause the day of the burn.


The columns for Talked To, Date, Time, and Notes probably will not be completed on the initial
plan submitted. A revise plan with information may be submitted just before the burn or
included in the after-burn report.

Notifications during a burn ban, if you have permission to burn during a burn ban, will likely be
different than they are when a burn ban is not in effect.
Page 3 – Description of the Burn Unit, Fuels, Firebreaks, Procedures Planned, Special Precautions

Live Fuel (Type, Density, and Size) (lines 79 - 83) -General description of the burn unit live fuel
vegetation. Example: Sparse cedar (juniper) in dead pasture grasses with around 25 percent
ground cover of cactus and mesquite.
Note that this is not where you need to get specific with your prescription. This is just the
general description of what you plan to burn. Ranges of LFM and size and density of vegetation
are okay. You can go to the Live Fuel Moisture worksheet (one of the Excel worksheets with the
burn plan template) and there is a description of LFM with a link to a TFS site to get measured
data around the state. This may be useful to get an idea of your LFM without having to measure
it. http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/mso/fireweather/nfdrs.php?wfo=mso&parameter=fm1_f

Dead Fuels (Description, Moisture, and Time-Lag) (lines 84 – 88) - Give a general description of
the burn unit dead fuel vegetation. Example: Heavy dormant/dead native grass cover and other
1-hr fuels. Scattered 10-hr fuels and occasional brush piles. Several standing dead trees that
may need to come down.
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Time Lag is the time it takes for the fuel to reach equilibrium conditions following a change in
relative humidity. Grass and other small dead vegetative matter less than 1/4-in diameter are 1hr fuels. Twigs about 1/4-in to 1-in diameter are 10-hr fuels. 1-in to 3-in are 100-hr fuels. 3-in
to 8-in are 1000-hr fuels. Please estimate the percent of each type of fuel in the burn unit.
Moisture: 1-hr fuel moisture can be estimated by dividing the relative humidity by 5. Fuel
moisture can also be measured by weighing fuel samples before and after drying in a microwave
oven. The difference in these two measurements is the amount of moisture. That amount
divided by the dry fuel weight is the moisture percent.
Moisture of extinction is the moisture level that inhibits fire. For 1-hr fuels, that can be 12%
(short grass) to 25% (tall grass) range. If your moisture level is above this range, the burn will be
difficult to initiate and maintain.

Topography and Elevation (lines 89 – 91) - Give a general description of the burn unit
topography (elevation change). Example: Mostly flat with gentle rolling terrain. No more than
20 ft elevation change over whole burn unit with no steep rises.

Preburn Factors (line 92) - These items need to be more specific. These are the conditions you
will have before the burn boss gives the approval to start the burn.
o
Fireguards: specify width, attach map (lines 93 – 95) – Firebreaks can be made in
several ways. Your experience will lead you to select what is suitable for your burn.
Bare mineral ground is almost always preferred if feasible. In some burns, there may be
more than one type used. Fill in the width in feet of each type of firebreak that will be
used. The “black line” blank applies to areas that are specifically pre-burned (usually
between firebreaks of some sort) and are not the same as black lines created by back
burning that become flank fires and then a head fire. The back burn type of black line
must be initiated from one of the other types of firebreaks and only those should be
shown in this section.
Under the “Other” category, please show width and type of fire break perimeter. This
may be in addition to other fire breaks. Ranch roads, rivers, or ponds are examples.
o
Crew size, (minimum number required) (line 97) - Please indicate the minimum
number of members of the crew required to execute the plan. Be careful and do not
estimate too high based on the optimistic number you might expect to be there. If you
say you need 10 crew members and you only have 9 show, you are out of your plan
specifications. The question is, “What will it take to do this job safely?” If you show a
range, such a 10-12, the number that matters is 12. The number of crew members
should be consistent with the equipment required and the ignition sequence.
o
Protection Needs (buildings, power lines, hunting blinds, feeders, etc., see map) (lines
99 – 100) - Show on the map and describe here and special fire protection needs either
inside or outside the burn unit. Indicate how you plan to address these needs.
o
Ignition Procedures, (see map on lines 253 - 299) (lines 101 – 102)- Describe the
ignition sequence. Show where the burn will start, how many drip torches are required,
direction and path that drip torches will take and where they will stop for all steps of the
burn, including back burn, strip fires, flank fires, and head fires. This information can
also be shown in the text box below the map or on a separate attachment if preferred.
o
Smoke Sensitive Areas, (see map) (lines 103 – 104) - Any smoke sensitive areas should
be shown on the map (which may be a separate attachment). TCEQ guidelines for
smoke management say that you cannot put smoke on sensitive receptors, which
includes humans, animals, and plants that are adversely affected by the smoke. Further,
PBAT Prescribed Burn Plan Template Users’ Manual – APPROVED Rev. 2 – June 17, 2014
Page |8
if there are inhabited residences within 300 ft downwind of the burn area, you must
have the residents’ written permission to burn. Any residence within 300 ft of your
burn perimeter should be identified on the map.
If you run a smoke model to forecast the smoke, please show the results on lines 300 –
346 or attach the results as a separate document. The Simple Smoke Screening Model is
highly recommended as a minimum tool where there are few smoke-related issues. If
the link above does not work, copy and paste this URL into your browser:
http://shrmc.ggy.uga.edu/maps/screen.html
For a more complete smoke analysis, use the VSmoke model at:
http://shrmc.ggy.uga.edu/maps/screen.html
o
Special Precautions, (see map) (lines 105 – 106) - Describe any special precautions
other than the special fire protection needs described above. These might be nearby
roads or airports that are a concern if smoke is blowing in their direction. Others may
be special topography issues that could hinder maneuvering around the firebreaks, such
as deep gullies or small streams. Another might be a reminder that a portion of the
firebreak will depend on wetlines due to inadequacy of mineral soil breaks or other
methods of firebreaks. Locked gates might require more wire cutters with crew
members or alternative escape routes identified. Anything unexpected that might
affect the safety of the crew or the success of the burn should be noted and reviewed
with the crew. Minimize surprises.
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Page 3
Description of Area
Live Fuel (Type, Density, and Size)
Dead Fuels (Description, Moisture, and Time-Lag)
Topography and Elevation
Preburn Factors
Fireguards: specify width, attach map
Plow
Blade
Wet line
Shred
Black line
Rake
Other
Crew size, (minimum number required)
Protection Needs (buildings, power lines, hunting blinds, feeders, etc., see map)
Ignition Procedures, (see map)
Smoke Sensitive Areas, (see map)
Special Precautions, (see map)
Add smoke model results (if required) on lines 300 - 346
Page |9
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Page 4 – Equipment Needs (lines 107 - 143)
This section is where you identify all the equipment needs for the burn to be conducted safely. Note
that there are two categories: 1) the red box checked means that the equipment is required or the burn
cannot be conducted safely; 2) the green boxed checked means that you actually had this equipment
onsite, even though it may not all have been required. It includes extra equipment available and may be
used, but the burn could be conducted safely without these extra items. Examples could be extra ATVs
with sprayers or other equipment in excess of the minimum requirements. The green box checked
items are not restricted to just what the landowner might have himself prior to the burn. They can be
any items that are brought by crew members in excess of the minimum equipment requirements. These
may not all be known until the day of the burn. The actual equipment onsite should be recorded here
for the after-burn report.

Tanks and Sprayers Required (lines 107 – 120)- Exclude backpack sprayers. These are vehicle or
trailer mounted units.
o
Capacity, gal - Show how much the tank on the sprayer or other device will hold. In the
column Min Capacity, show the minimum required capacity to safely conduct the burn.
In column Act Cap, show the actual tank capacity available onsite, which may be in
excess of the minimum required amount.
o
Mounted or Drag - Please indicate if the sprayer is mounted on mobile equipment such
as an ATV, truck, tractor, or is a drag tank (on a trailer pulled by a vehicle)
o
Support Vehicle - Please show type of vehicle required, such as:
o
o


ATV (4 wheeler)

UTV (Gator, Mule, Polaris, etc.)

Pickup truck

Brush truck (fire-fighting truck)

Engine (large fire-fighting truck)

Specialty equipment

or write in your choice.
GPM - Please show minimum pump capacity in gallons per minute if known. Note that
centrifugal pumps do not have a single value for GPM. It depends on the pressure
(nozzle opening) which can vary. Indicate approximate value for normal operations, not
the rated capacity at zero discharge pressure. Piston, roller, or diaphragm pumps (or
any positive displacement pumps) do have a fixed GPM at normal operating speed. For
example, most 12v electric tank sprayers are in the 2-3 GPM range.
Gas/Electric - Please show whether sprayer is gasoline or electric (battery) powered.
Other Equipment Needs (lines 122 143)
o
Drafting Water Source (line 125) - If a source of water such as a pond or pool or stream
is available on site, please indicate so in the comments and tell where it is. Also show
the location on the map. Note that tanks with drafting capability often have their own
pickup lines. Please note if separate drafting pumps and lines are with the water source
to allow tanks to be filled.
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o
Water Hydrant (line 126) - If water hydrants are available onsite, please describe their
location and show them on the map. Note that hoses will likely be needed to fill tanks
from hydrants. Please note if they are available at each location.
o
Other Items (lines 127 – 143) - These are generally self-explanatory. A fire weather kit
can be a Kestrel® or similar device or it could be other non-electronic devices, such as a
sling psychrometer, wind speed meter, compass, or weather radios.
Under “Min No. Required,” either show only the number required to conduct the burn
safely.
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Page 4
Tanks and Sprayers Required
Does not include backpack sprayers
In left (red) box check minimum required. In right (green) box check if actually available on site.
Min
Capacity, gal
Act Cap,
gal
0
0
Mounted/Drag
Support Vehicle
GPM
Gas/Electric
Notes/comments.
Other Equipment Needs
In left (red) box check if required. In right (green) box check if available on site day of burn.
Comments
Drafting Water source / where
Water Hydrant / where
Min
Act
No.
No.
Reqd. Avail.
Min
Act
No.
No.
Reqd. Avail.
Drinking Water / gallons
Chain Saw
Backpack Sprayers
Leaf Blower
Blade, Dozer, Tractor & Plow
Two Cycle Fuel
Drip Torch / how many
Binoculars
Lighting Fuel / gallons
GPS
Sprayer Fuel
Drafting pump
Matches or Lighter
Drafting hose, ft
Fire Weather Kit
Other
Flappers
Pliers & Bolt Cutters
Rakes
Shovels
Road Signs
Flags
Cell Phones
Two-Way Radios
Page 5 – Preburn Protection Needs, Insurance Information (lines 144 – 175)
This section is an area you can be more specific about the protection needs mentioned above on page 3.
It is in a checklist form to help you think of things you may have overlooked.
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At the bottom of the page, there is a place to enter information about the landowner’s insurance
carrier. The name of the insurance company should go in the cell to the right (lines 170 - 173). You can
also use this space to make any comments regarding the insurance. If more space is needed to discuss
insurance or special protection needs, use the cell below called “Other” (line 175).
Page 5
Preburn Protection Needs
Check box if attention is needed
Remnant Livestock
Inspection of Fireguards
Pens and Barns
Headquarters
Haystacks
Windmills
Wells
Equipment
Water Storage Facilities
Fences
Hunting Facilities
Feeders
Utility Poles
Oil & Gas Pipelines
Desirable Wooded Areas
Special Habitat Areas
Critically Eroding Areas
Vehicles
Other
Liability Insurance company:
Policy #
Agent
Phone#
Other
Comments
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Page 6 –Prescriptive Burning Conditions (lines 176 – 223)
The prescription is where you need to pay close attention to the ranges of conditions you choose to
achieve your objectives. Allow yourself as much flexibility as is practical to meet your objectives and
conduct the burn safely. You want to avoid being out of your prescription with either the forecast of the
weather for the day of the burn or the actual weather recorded.

Desired Prescription Black Lines - (lines 177 – 190). Black lines may be created before the day
of the main burn or at the beginning of the main burn. A back burn can create black lines. Be
careful if you are burning multiple patches/sections in a single day with back burns to create
black lines. Some of the back burns may be started late in the day when humidity, temperature,
and time are similar to the head fire. Do not set your black line limits so tight that you cannot
stay in prescription for the later burns. This is where your training should be most helpful for
selecting the appropriate conditions. If you are not comfortable with making these choices,
consult with your reviewer or other trained members of your PBA. The values are usually shown
in ranges (low to high).
o
Date of burn (black lines) (line 178) – In some burns, it is desirable to create black lines
days of weeks before the main burn. Such black lines are usually for large areas to be
burned under conditions that may be difficult to contain without a wide firebreak.
These black lines may be burned between bare mineral firebreaks (dozed or scraped to
mineral soil) in conditions where wind, temperature, and humidity may not be as severe
as what is prescribed for the main unit in order to achieve the objectives. In these
cases, the black line dates will be different from the main burn dates.
In smaller burns, black lines may be created on the day of the main unit burn by back
burning into main burn unit
o
Time of burn (black lines) (line 179) – If the black lines are on a separate day form the
main burn, they may be started earlier on the day when humidity is somewhat higher
and winds are lower than later in the day. If black lines are created on the day of the
burn and the burn involves multiple areas that are burned sequentially, the black lines
may be over the same period as the main burn. Do not specify your time limits so that
you are unable to start the last burn are of the day due to black lines being assumed to
start early.
o
Temperature (line 180) - Typically black lines are burned under conditions where the
temperature is lower, humidity is higher and wind is lower than for the main burn (head
fire). This provides an extra level of safety when trying to burn large areas. When a
black line is formed as part of a back burn on a smaller area, and the flank and head fire
are a continuous progression of the back burn, then the weather conditions for both
black lines and head fire and very similar. In situations where a series of small units are
burned sequentially, black lines may be created for the last unit after the head fires are
completed for the previous units. For these situations, the conditions for the black lines
and the head fires are likely to be the same.
A practical lower limit on temperature may be just above freezing, or around 40 deg F.
You do not want to have water supplies frozen. An upper limit is probably more safety
related and depends on your crew. Around 100 deg F it is very difficult for most nonprofessionals to function well. Spot fires are also more likely in high temperatures since
air-transported embers can last slightly longer and set fire to dry fuels more easily.
Humidity and wind speed may be more critical than temperature.
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o
Relative Humidity (line 181) - The same precautions apply for humidity as temperature.
An upper limit of around 60% RH is a reasonable estimate. Above this level, it is difficult
to get fine fuels to ignite and the fire progress. They are usually at their moisture of
extinction. On the low end, it depends on the fuel level, wind speed, and the experience
of the crew. Fire behavior can change rapidly between 30% RH decreasing to 20% RH.
At less than 20% RH with even light winds and an experienced crew, there is little room
for error.
o
Wind Direction (line 182) - Enter the range of wind directions that your plan requires,
such as SE to SW. That means that any wind coming from direction between these two
extremes is suitable. It does not mean that the wind is blowing from the SE to the SW,
which would be a very unusual curving wind. A SE wind blows from the SE to the NW. A
SW wind blows from the SW to the NE. If the wind direction is not important, show
“any” or “all” in the blanks.
o
Wind Speed (lines 183 – 184) - Wind speed is a very important factor in fire behavior. In
addition, there are legal requirements in Texas (from the Texas Commission on
Environmental Quality, TCEQ) that regulate the use of prescribed burning (and all other
outdoor burning) to a range of 6 – 23 mph. However, TCEQ does not define the
elevation at which the wind speed should be measured to be consistent with the
defined range. In normal weather reporting from NOAA, the “surface winds” are
defined as being at 10-m (33-ft) elevation. Yet they also report 20-ft winds since this
was the standard for many years and is commonly used in models for fire behavior and
smoke behavior. Today, most anemometers (wind speed measurement devices) are at
10 m elevation, and 20-ft elevation winds are calculated. Models may be used to
calculate the wind speed at any elevation. Typically, the relationship between the two
commonly used elevations is (10-m wind speed)/(20-ft wind speed) = 1.15.
In efforts to resolve this lack of specification with TCEQ staff, the response seems to be
intentionally vague, but the intent understood is that the wind speed range specified is
meant to provide guidance to the normal landowner who may decide to burn today and
look in the local newspaper or weather forecast on TV to get an idea if the conditions
are suitable. Usually it is the “surface winds” (10-m elevation) that are published, so it is
our understanding that the TCEQ range of wind speeds is meant to be measured at 10
meters. Not all agree on this. Whichever you decide to use, show it on the plan with
the elevation selected and be consistent. It not appropriate to use the 20-ft wind speed
for the minimum (6 mph) and the 10-m wind speed for the maximum (23 mph). Note
that when these wind speed ranges are adopted by county governments in their
outdoor burning regulations, they will also not specify the elevation at which the wind
speeds are measured. Therefore, you are dependent on a county sheriff to determine if
you are in compliance.
From a practical standpoint, as you gain experience with burning, the forecast winds at
20 ft and 33 ft are only indicators for you. Your real concern is the wind speed at the
mid-flame height. This can be estimated by using factors based on vegetation and
topography to adjust the open wind speed forecasts to the mid-flame level. In most
cases for prescribed burning, this becomes an experience factor. You will know what to
expect based on the forecast wind at either of the two measurement standards. For
example, 23 mph at 10 m (33 ft) may feel and be safe at 4 ft, but 23 mph at 20 ft will
likely measure much higher at 4 ft and not feel nearly as safe. In tall vegetation, such as
pine forests, either may feel like a very gentle breeze at near ground level.
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Another point to consider is that the graphical data on 10-m winds show the gusts wind
speed also. Gusts are important, and the TCEQ guidelines are meant to include wind
gusts. The calculated 20-ft wind speeds do not normally show gusting wind speed, just
the sustained wind speed. This can be misleading in what you might actually encounter
and is another reason to use the 10-m wind speed.
o
Fuel Load (line 185) - The fuel load for a prescribed burn is the amount of dry dead 1-hr
fuels on the burn unit, expressed in lb/ac. This is estimated usually, but it can be
measured by clipping, drying and weighing the fine fuels in representative samples of
the area. The fuel load tends to be variable, so you either estimate the areal coverage
for representative samples or you just estimate the overall average fuel load and show it
as a range of values. Experience helps do this reasonably accurately. Experienced
ranchers or hay farmers know about how many bales of hay they can get per acre and
this leads to weight of dry fuel per ac. Of courses, bale sizes vary from 70-100 lb for
square (rectangular) bales to 3000 lb for large round bales. A typical round bale in Texas
can vary from 800-1200 lb. depending on the diameter and height of the bale.
Precision in estimating fuel load may be no more important than knowing the exact
wind speed at ground level. What you really need to know is whether you have enough
fuel for a successful burn to meet your objectives. If your objective is to just get rid of
rank grass and open up the area for new growth, then the fuel load only has to be
sufficient to keep a fire going. Continuity of fuel is perhaps more important than the
average amount overall. If you are trying to set back woody species (Juniper, mesquite,
yaupon, huisache, etc.) or cactus, then you will need higher fuel loads. Less than 1000
lb/ac fuel load is unlikely to do much on species other than the fine fuels involved.
Greater than 2000 lb/ac fuel load of continuous fuel makes a good fire that is likely to be
effective for most purposes.
o
Dead Fuel Moisture (lines 186 – 189)- Dead fuel moisture can be estimated or
measured. For fine fuels (1-hr fuel) the moisture can be estimated by dividing the
relative humidity by 5. This does not work for 10-hr and 100-hr fuels. You can also
measure the moisture by collecting samples, weighing them, then drying the samples
with an oven or microwave, and weighing the dry fuel.
[(Dead Fuel Wt – Dry Fuel Wt)/Dry Fuel Wt] x 100= DFM%
Fine fuel Dead Fuel Moisture can change over a fairly short time. That is why it is called
a 1-hr fuel. It is what drives the fire. It is difficult to get the larger fuels burning if you
do not have adequate fine fuels.
Typical 1-hr Dead Fuel Moisture can also be estimated by observing the maps provided
by the NWS.
http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/mso/fireweather/nfdrs.php?wfo=mso&parameter=fm1_f
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For the black lines, the 1-hr fuel moisture is the primary fuel concern (relative to the 10
and 100-hr fuels).
See the discussion for lines 186 – 189 above for more information on Dead Fuel
Moisture.
The prescribed Dead Fuel Moisture upper limit should not exceed the Moisture of
Extinction, which is the moisture level of the fuel that will not support progressive
burning. That is, the fire is likely to self-extinguish unless there is pre-heating from dryer
fuel or the relative humidity is low and the wind is adequate to keep the fire going. A
discussion of Moisture of Extinction is included as an Excel® worksheet attached to the
Plan and is shown below.
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Cited from:
admin. (2005, November 07). Unit 5: Fuel Moisture. Retrieved January 07, 2011, from Free Online Course Materials — USU OpenCourseWare Web site:
http://ocw.usu.edu/Forest__Range__and_Wildlife_Sciences/Wildland_Fire_Management_and_Planning/Unit_5__Fuel_Moisture_8.html
o
Live Fuel Moisture (line 190) - LFM is unlikely to be a major concern for black lines
unless the moisture of the fine fuels (1-hr fuel) is too high to burn. If there is insufficient
dead fuel to ignite and burn the live fuel, then the live fuel moisture needs to be low
enough to burn. However, for black lines, the objective is primarily to create a low fuel
area to stop the head fire. Guidelines for live fuel moisture are shown below and are
also provide on the burn plan template on a separate worksheet.
If the black line is burned under similar conditions to the head fire and the fireguard
where the black line is started is based on live fuel (such as yaupon or cedar thickets),
then LFM is important to be sure the firebreak is effective.
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General Guidelines for Live Fuel Moisture
Live Fuel Moisture is a minor concern for most rangeland prescribed burns, that
is, not forests. There are two situations where it should be considered in this
type of burn.
If your objective is to kill or top-kill a species of live plant, such as juniper,
eastern red cedar, or yaupon, the burn will likely not be effective if LFM is
greater than 75%. Even when LFM is less than 75%, considerable fine fuel (such
as grass) may be required to achieve desired results.
If the objective is to use stands of live fuel such as a yaupon thicket or
cedar/juniper thicket to serve as a firebreak or a backup firebreak for a grass
fire, then the LFM of the plants should be greater than 85%.
Live Fuel Moisture can be measured by taking samples of the leaves of the plant
and weighing them on a suitable scale in a paper bag. Then dry the sample in a
microwave oven for 30-second intervals and re-weigh the sample. Repeat until
the dry weight is stable.
LFM =[(Wet weight-Dry weight)/Dry weight]*100%
Note that LFM can exceed 100% due to the way it is calculated if greater than
half of the weight of the plant is water that is removed to get the dry weight.
To get LFM data from Texas Forest Service, go to:
http://www.wfas.net/nfmd/public/states_map.php?state=TX and you may be
able to find a location where data has been taken recently that is representative
of your burn area. Click on the pin for that location and then select the data
chart you want to see. If current actual data are available for your spot, choose
the chart "Graph with Tables (Actual Data)." Scroll down to find the species of
plant most common for your site and you can get an idea of the LFM trend for
your area if you plan to burn in the near future.
Desired Prescription Range (head fire) – (lines 192 – 222). Many of the comments above for
the black lines apply to the head fire also. If the black lines and head fire are both going to be
done on the same date, then use the same range of dates for the head fire as you did for the
black lines. However, the head fire entry for Time of Burn may be different from the black lines
if you are burning a single burn unit. In this case, the black lines may be done earlier in the day,
as soon as humidity conditions are suitable, followed by the head fire, which will be delayed at
least by the time it takes to get the black lines burned. The range you show should be the
earliest possible time you could start the head fire to the latest possible time.
o
For head fire Temperature, RH, Wind Direction, Wind Speed, Fuel Load, Dead Fuel
Moisture and Live Fuel Moisture, see the comments above for black lines.
o
Category Day - The Category Day is a measure of the suitability of the weather
conditions for smoke rising and dispersing. Until recently (last few years prior to 2012)
the Category Day was only published by the NWS twice a day in their Fire Weather
reports for groups of counties. Now the Mixing Height and Transport Wind Speed are
available as part of the spot forecast graphical reports from NWS, so a Category Day
value can be calculated for multiple times during the day. Whichever method you
choose to use, you should insure that you are at least in Category II – Category V, with
Categories III and IV being the most preferred. At Category V, the surface wind speed
may be too high to burn safely, if the transport wind speed is the main factor in
achieving Category V status. Category I is typical of an inversion layer low to the ground
and smoke will not rise.
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
Input the Desired Minimum Conditions for Transport Wind Speed and Mixing
Height (lines 217 – 218) and the Ventilation Rate and Category Day will
automatically be calculated (lines 220 and 221).

If you use the forecast for the Category Day from a single value given by NWS in
their Fire Weather Forecast, it can be entered directly in line 222 instead of
calculated.

On the day of the burn, check the Forecast Condition for the day of the Burn
prior to the burn and enter them on lines 207 – 288. If your forecast on the day
of the burn is not up to your Desired Minimum Conditions, you may choose to
not burn. If the forecast is for the conditions to be Category 1, you should not
burn.
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Page 6
Prescriptive Burning Conditions
Desired Prescription Black lines
Date of burn (black lines)
Time of burn (black lines)
to
Actual
to
to
Actual
to
Temperature (F)
to
Actual
to
Rel Humidity (%)
to
Actual
to
Wind Direction
to
Actual
to
Wind Speed, mph
at 20 ft elevation
to
Actual
to
Wind Speed, mph
at 33 ft (10 m) elev
Fuel Load (lbs/ac)
Actual
to
to
Actual
to
Dead Fuel Moisture, %
(1-hr)
to
Actual
to
(10-hr)
to
Actual
to
(100-Hr)
to
Actual
to
to
Actual
to
Live Fuel Moisture, %
Desired Prescription Range (head fire)
Date of burn (head fire)
to
Actual
to
Time of burn (head fire)
to
Actual
to
Temperature (F)
to
Actual
to
Relative Humidity
to
Actual
to
Wind Direction
to
Actual
to
Wind Speed, mph
at 20 ft elevation
to
Actual
to
Wind Speed, mph
at 33 ft (10 m) elev
to
Actual
to
Fuel Load (lbs/ac)
to
Actual
to
Dead Fuel Moisture, %
(1-hr)
to
Actual
to
(10-hr)
to
Actual
to
(100-Hr)
to
Actual
to
to
Actual
to
Live Fuel Moisture, %
Category Day (CD)
CD
For Smoke Management
Ventilation Rate
Guideline
I
< 14,500
No Burn
II
14,500 - 29,000
No Burn until inversion has lifted
III
29,000 - 58,000
Daytime Only
IV
58,000 - 117,000
Anytime
V
> 117,000
Excellent Smoke Dispersion
Formula
Mixing Height X Transport Speed = Ventilation Rate
Desired Minimum
F'cast Min Cond for
Conditions
Burn
Notes/Comments
Mixing Height
ft.
ft.
Transport Wind Speed
mph
mph
Direction
Ventilation Rate
Category Day (calculated)
Category Day (by NWS)
0
0
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Page 7 – Actual Fire-Weather Information – (lines 223 – 252). On the day of the burn, record your
observed weather conditions using handheld devices for wind speed (at approximately 6 ft), direction,
and relative humidity. These data are useful to observe changes in conditions, but are not used for
compliance with the plan. However, if the measured relative humidity is considerably lower that the
prescription calls for, it would be good to check with the NWS for current conditions and expected
changes. Record your measured readings and note any advice from NWS under Remarks (line 252). You
may also consider:
o
o
o
o

For fires taking more than a couple of hours to complete, readings should be taken
approximately every 30 minutes or more often. For fires lasting only an hour or so,
readings at the beginning and end may be sufficient unless significant changes are
observed.
If the burn unit is large enough so that the spot where the readings were taken may
affect the result, then note the location of the reading.
If the elevation changes significantly over the burn unit and may affect the measured
wind speed or temperature, note the elevation consistent with the location. You may
need to get this from topographical maps or similar map data sources after the burn.
Record the average wind speed (over 10-15 few seconds or longer) and approximate
direction. Wind direction is customarily indicated by the compass direction that the
wind is coming from.
Weather Compliance with the Plan
o
According to TCEQ rules on outdoor burning, the forecasted weather conditions at the
initiation of the burn and for the expected time period of the burn should be within the
limits of the plan prescription and any other specific limits by TCEQ (such as wind speed,
wind direction relative to sensitive receptors, and the Category Day indicator.)
Therefore it is advantageous to record these forecasts shortly before the burn. One way
to do this is on the morning of the burn to check the forecasts online at
www.weather.gov or other sites. You can screen capture these forecast and save them
electronically or you can print them and save paper copies or later scan them to save
electronically.
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Page 7
Measure data approx every 30 min.
Date
Remarks:
Time
Location
Wind
Elev.
Air
Speed Direction Temp. (F)
Relative
Humidity
By
Remarks
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Page 8 - Map of Area (burn unit) – (lines 253 – 299). There are several ways to show map on the
template. In its simplest form, the map could be hand-drawn on a printed copy of the form or on
any piece of paper and then cut and pasted (or taped) onto the form. However, to store the plan
electronically, it would then need to be scanned and saved as a picture or a PDF. The preferred way
is to create a map using mapping software and picture editing (drawing) packages to create a
picture of the burn unit that can be inserted into the Excel® spreadsheet. There are several ways to
do this also. Here is one way.

Use Google Earth® to obtain a map of the area containing the burn unit.

Save a screen capture (picture) of the area in JPEG format or to the clipboard and import that
into an application that allows you to do simple drawing. PowerPoint® is the example here.

Edit the picture to show the burn unit, ignition sequence, water sources, smoke sensitive areas,
special precaution areas, or whatever is appropriate for the burn plan.

When you have the map the way you want in PowerPoint®, copy the slide in the slide sorter
view or from the normal view using the small view of the slide in the left margin.

Then Paste Special the slide into the Excel® spreadsheet on page 8 under “Map of Area” using
JPEG file format for the pasted picture.
Then you can stretch or shrink the picture to fit the area available on page 8 by selecting the
picture (left click) and dragging the corners of the picture in or out.

For use in the field on the day of the burn, you may find it useful to keep the PowerPoint file to
use to make maps for the crew. Maps printed this way will be in full page size and will not have
all the details of the plan that the crew members may not need.
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Page 8
Map of Area
Ignition Sequence: (may be shown here or lines 101 - 102)
Page 8 - Ignition Sequence – (lines 290 - 299 text box). The ignition sequence can be described here, or
on lines 101 - 102, or attached separately, such as with the PowerPoint® map. As a minimum, identify
how many drip torches are required, beginning location for each drip torch, direction of travel for the
drip torches, and whether strip firing, ring firing, or some other method is planned. Since ignition
sequence my need to be changed for the specific wind direction, speed, and relative humidity on the
day of the burn, either avoid being too specific, or provide multiple scenarios for various conditions
using attachments if required.
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Page 9 – Smoke Model Predictions (line 300 – 346) – Planning for smoke associated with prescribed
burning is increasingly important. There are tools that have been developed that will help you make a
judgment on whether smoke from your burn is likely to cause concerns from your neighbors or passersby. The Simple Smoke Screening Model is highly recommended as a minimum tool where there are few
smoke-related issues. If the link above does not work, copy and paste this URL into your browser:
http://shrmc.ggy.uga.edu/maps/screen.html
For a more complete smoke analysis, use the VSmoke model at:
http://shrmc.ggy.uga.edu/maps/screen.html
Page 9
Smoke Model Predictions
Simple Smoke Screning Link
Insert text here. Move and resize box as required.
VSmoke Link
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Page 10 - Contingency Plans (lines 347 - 385 - If you have contingency plans for an escaped fire,
describe them here or in an attachment. Some PBAs have fairly elaborate contingency plans due to
the size of the properties they burn. These can involve how they will initially attack the escape,
depending on whether it is on the landowner’s property or if it has gone onto someone else’s
property. The plan may also indicate at what point the burn boss will call for VFD or other
assistance. These contingency plans can be shown by inserting a map or text in lines 347 – 385.
For other PBAs working with smaller burn units, the contingency plan may be to immediately call for
VFD assistance and fight the escape until help arrives.
In all cases, the crew members need to understand a basic approach of wildfire fighting, which is to
fight the fire from the black area.

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


Attack the short flank from the black area with largest water pump
equipment available.
Work up to the head from the black area.
Backup the pumper with two ATVs with sprayers and at least one swatter
on foot.
Remaining crew attacks the long flank as manpower is available
Do not attack the head flank without VFD assistance.
If you become disoriented, the black area is the safest place.
PBAT Prescribed Burn Plan Template Users’ Manual – APPROVED Rev. 2 – June 17, 2014
Page 10
Contingency Plans
Insert text here. Move and resize box as required.
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Page 11 - Crew Members and Responsibilities – (lines 386 – 419).

Crew names and responsibilities (lines 387 – 407). This section is to be completed after the
burn. It is helpful to record the information on everyone in the crew while onsite. Each person
on the crew should be told in general terms or specifically, if possible, what he or she is
expected to do. Inexperienced crew members should be shown how to use basic tools (flapper,
sprayer, radios), what to do if the smoke gets too bad, what to do in an emergency situation,
and how to attack an escape. The check box showing “Reviewed by Crew Member” should be
completed by the Burn Boss when he has given the necessary instructions to the crew member.

Mop-Up After Burning – (lines 409 – 419). For many small burns it may be adequate for the
landowner or his/her delegate and the burn boss to be responsible for mop-up activities. For
larger burn units, especially ones with trees and brush piles or other fuels that may flare up after
the burn, a crew may be required for several days. The burn boss is responsible for determining
mop-up requirements and making sure they are implemented effectively.
Studies have shown that most prescribed burn escapes occur after the burn is complete. Fires
can restart days later. Do not underestimate the importance of the mop-up activity.
Page 11
Crew Members and Responsibilities
Name
Phone Number
Responsibility
Reviewed by Crew Member
Mop Up After Burning
1) Maintain close observation of the burned area until fire is completely extinguished.Check the perimeter for
firebrand sources such as trees, posts, cow chips, logs, burning hollow trees, etc.
2) Continue to monitor weather until fire is extinguished.
3) Take immediate positive action to insure safety of the fire should a dangerous change of the weather be
forecast.
Completion
Above Responsibilities
1
2
3
Crew Member(s) Name
Date
Time
Comments
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Page 12 – Reviews and Signatures

Reviewed by- (line 428 - 429). Show the name of the person in the PBA that reviewed the plan
and posted it to the PBAT web site. Reviewers must meet local PBA qualification requirements.

Date – (line 428). Show the date that the final plan was posted on the PBAT web site or last
modified if not posted.

Signature – (line 429). We are not sure what will legally be required to make a “signature”
electronically, but we are aware that some organizations allow the use of the phrase “signed
electronically by email_address@youremailprovider.com,” where you put your email address
instead of the example shown. Another way is to sign a piece of paper, scan it to a jpeg file, and
insert it where required, as shown here.
This
looks more official, but may be no more legally valid. Another way is to just change the type
My Signature
font to something that looks like script, such as
. Another way is to print the
signature page and physically sign it, then scan it and file it with the plan.

Landowner or Lease Holder – (lines 434 - 437). The landowner or lease holder should also sign
and date the plan as reviewed and ready for posting on the PBAT web site or other option for
storing the record if the PBA chooses.
Page 12
Reviews
This Prescribed Burn Plan was Reviewed By:
Printed Name:
Date:
Signature:
Landowner or Lease Holder
Signature:
Printed Name:
Date:
A COPY OF THIS BURN PLAN SHOULD BE KEPT FOR A MINIMUM OF FIVE YEARS.
Rev. 1 5/11/12 and Approved
Rev 4 - 8/25/12
Rev 5 - 9/1/12
Rev 7 - 4/26/13
Rev 10 - ??
Rev 12 - 4/8/14
Rev 13 - 5/17/14
Protection = 6