WHEN
1820
WHAT
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CF Nasse describes the sex-linked transmission of haemophilia
Armandoj Alva, Angel Ochoa
MJ Schleiden & T Schwann develop the cell theory
Juan Miranda, Giovanni Miranda
1859
Charles Darwin wrote the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
7a, 8a
Rene Garcia, Juan Escalante
1865
Gregor Johann Mendel presents his principals of heredity
3b
Rosemary Donis, Sandra Urbina
1866
EH Haeckel (Häckel) hypothesizes that the nucleus of a cell transmits
itshereditary information
1869
Frederick Meischer Isolates DNA
5a
Daniel Lopez, Luis Ruiz
1875
Oscar Hertwig concludes from a study of the reproduction of the sea urchin that
fertilisation consists of the physical union of the two nuclei contributed by the
male and female parents
1876
J Horner shows that colour-blindness is an inherited disease
1879
Walter Flemming describes Mitosis (1882)
5a, 2b
1882
August Weismann notes the distinction between somatic and germ cells;
2a, 2b
Andrea Lorenzo Ashley Robinson
1892
A Weismann publishes a book that declares meiosis is a mechanism of
chromosome distribution
2b
Eduardo Becerra
1900
De Vries, Correns, And von Tschermak rediscover Mende's work while doing
their own work on the laws of inheritance
3b
1902
WS Sutton and T Boveri independently propose the chromosome theory of
heredity
2f, 5a
1902
Arcchibald Garrod and Orderly inheritance of disease
1905
W Bateson & RC Punnett work out the principles of multigenic interaction
(linkage) and heredity
1909
W Johannsen uses the words phenotype, genotype and gene for the first time in
his studies with beans
1910
Thomas Hunt Morgan discovers the white-eye and its sex-linkage in
Drosophila;"Chromosomes carry genes (fruit flies)"
3a, 2f
Kristin Holloway, Raeven Colmore
1911
EB Wilson shows that the gene for colour-blindness is on the X chromosome
(first gene identified on a chromosome
4c, 3a
Jasmine Cienfuegos
1911
Davenport founds the first US genetic clinic
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Aracely Aguilera, Iridiana Garcia
Erick Zermeno
Andrea Camarilo, Jocelyn Aquino
3a, 2b
Sabrina Mora, Brittney Coleman
1919
A Hungarian engineer, Karl Ereky, coins the term biotechnology
5c
1927
HJ Muller demonstrates that X-rays are mutagenic in Drosophila
7c
1941
George Beadle and Edward Tatum Hypothesize "one gene, one enzyme"
1d, 4a
1943
William Astbury; "DNA has a regular periodic structure"
5a
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1944
Oswald Theodore Avery et al describe the DNA as the hereditary material
5a, 5b
Nadine Alcazar, Isaac Flores
1944
B McClintock discovers the transposable elements in maize
2a, 2c
1946
J Lederberg & EL Tatum demonstrate genetic recombination (conjugation) in
bacteria
5d*
1949
L Pauling shows that a defect in the structure of hemoglobin causes sickle cell
anemia
5a
Willie Rabanales
1950
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice HF Wilkins showthat DNA exists as two strands
wound together in a spiral or helical shape
5a
Juan Madueno
1950
Chargaff discovers that the number of adenine and thymine groups are always
equal, and so are the cytosine and guanine groupsC and G are the same in
DNA
5b
1952
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase; "Genes are made of DNA"
5a, 4c
Karla Orozco
1953
James D Watson & Francis HC Crick describe the DNA's double helix structure
5a
Welby Solis, Javier Salas
1955
Arthur Kornberg "DNA copying enzyme"
5b
Enrique Illescas, Mario Narciso
1956
JH Tijo & A Levan show that the diploid chromosome number for humans is 46
2b, 2f
Luisa Juarez
1956
S. Ochoa's laboratory discovers RNA polymerase
1d
Alejandro Valenzuela, Kevin Gochez
1958
MS Meselson & FW Stahl demonstrate that DNA replication is semiconservative
(in E.coli)
5b
Jocelyn Rodriguez, Daniela Sotelo
1959
J Lejeune show[s] that Down's syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality as the
first identification of the genetic basis of a disease
2d, 2b,
2e
Steve Rodriguez, Christopher Lopez
1961
MF Lyon and LB Russell independently show that one of the X chromosomes is
inactivated in females
2c, 2f, 2a
Jose Climaco,
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Denise Lopez, Julio Quevedo
1961
Robert Guthrie; "First screen for metabolic defect in newborns (PKU)"
1965
S Brenner discovers the stop codons
4b
Bismark Robles
1966
B Weiss & CC Richardson discover DNA ligase
5d*
Cesar Ascencio
1968
RT Okazaki report[s] the discontinuous synthesis of the lagging DNA strand
5b
1974
RD Kornberg describes the chromatin structure (nucleosomes)
5a
1975
Frederick Sanger; "DNA sequencing"
5a, 4c
Michelle Nunez, Stacy Trujillo
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1977
K Itakura chemically synthesize[s] a gene for human somatostatin and express
it in E Coli, thus produce[s] the first human protein in vitro
5e*
1979
DV Goeddel produce[s] human growth hormone using recombinant DNA
technology
5d*
1980
Dr Chakrabarty is awarded the first patent for a genetically engineered
(unicellular) organism
1980
Kary Mullis; "polymerase chain reaction (PCR)"
5b
1981
Stephen Harrison,Michael Eck, Wenqing Xu :Identification of the first cancer
causing gene
7c, 7b
1989
LC Tsui, F Collins and co-workers clone the cystic fibrosis gene
1992
Daniel Cohen: "Map that includes genetic markers on all 23 human
chomosomes"
Alexis Aquino, Perla Bautista
1993
Huntington's disease gene is identified
William Gonzalez, Noe Galicia
1993
Allen Roses; "Major susceptibility gene for the late-onset form of Alzhimer
Disease"
1997
Dollie and Bonnie...report cloning a sheep
1999
Human chromosome 22 becomes the first one to be sequenced completely
(November)
Jose Caselin, Armando Gomez
2003
Complete sequence of human Y-chromosome is published
Jonathan Rodriguez, Travis Phillips
WHEN
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2d
Kelvin Guevara, Abigail Montejo
Jocelyn Zambrano, Kenia Sosa
Jennifer Garcia, Eric Bravo