Mappleton’s geology is soft “till”, a fine silt and gravel material deposited by the glaciers that once covered this area, some 18,000 years ago.. Erosion rates are 2 metres a year on this stretch of the coastline. Average erosion rates around the UK are only a few mm a year. 1n 1991 £2 million was spent on a rock groyne and revetment barrier in front of Mappleton The B1242 runs north through Mappleton to Hornsea The government has a policy on managed retreat along some stretches of Britain’s coastline Only very valuable land is likely to be protected in future due to cost-benefit analysis. A substantial beach has developed in front of Mappleton South of Mappleton the beach has gone South of Mappleton the erosion rate has been up to 20 m a year in some places 29 villages have disappeared into the sea along the Holderness coastline since Roman times There are no coastal defences near Great Cowden Even in a neap tide (the lowest monthly tide) the sea reaches the base of the cliff The movement of longshore drift in this area is north – south.