Online Resource 2. Published microsatellite loci are listed below. Each locus had an additional M13 tag (CACGACGTTGTAAAACGAC) added to the 5’ end of the forward primer, with the exception of Blm5, Blm10 and Blm12 that had the M13 tag added to the reverse primer. Those in bold font amplified successfully and consistently and were incorporated into the genotyping system. Locus Primer sequence References GenBank accession numbers Aph12 F: M13-TTAGTAGCATGTCAGGTTTATT Maak et al 2000 AJ515888 R: GCTTGTAGACTTCAGAGTTC Aph13 F: M13-CAACGAGTGACAATGATAAAA Maak et al 2000 AJ515889 R: CAATGATCTCACTCCCAATAG Aph15 F: M13-TGAATATGCGTGGCTGAA Maak et al 2000 AJ515890 R: CAGTGAGGAATGTGTTTGAGTT Aph16 F: M13-CCTTCTGAACCTTCGTAG Maak et al 2000 AJ515891 R: AAATATAGACTTTTGTCCTGAA Aph17 F: M13-GGACATTTTCAACCATAAACTC Maak et al 2000 AJ515892 R: CATCCATGACAGACAGAAGA Aph19 F: M13-CATGGAGCAAGCAATCGTCTG Maak et al 2000 AJ515894 R: ACCACGTCCATCCTGAAGAAA Aph20 F: M13-ACCAGCCTAGCAAGCACTGT Maak et al 2000 AJ515895 R: GAGGCTTTAGGAGAGATTGAAAAA Aph21 F: M13-CTTAAAGCAAAGCGCACGTC Maak et al 2000 AJ515896 R: AGATGCCCAAAGTCTGTGCT Aph23 F: M13-TCCTCTGCTCTAGTTGTGATGG Maak et al 2000 AJ515898 R: CCTCAGCAGTCTTCCTCAGTG Aph24 F: M13-TCAACCAGTGGTCAGAGAAAAA Maak et al 2000 AJ515899 R: AGGTCAGCCCCCATTTTAGT Aph25 F: M13-CCGTCAGACTGTAGGGAAGG Maak et al 2000 AJ515900 R: AAAGCTCCACAGAGGCAAAG Apl11 F: M13-AACTACAGGGCACCTTATTTCC Denk et al 2004 AY498541 R: TTGCATCAGGGTCTGTATTTTC Bcau4 F: M13-ACAACCTTCAAAGTCAATCCAAT Buchholz et al 1998 AF025892 R: TCCTGACGCTCTCGGACGAGT 1 Bcau6 Bcau11 Blm5 Blm10 Blm12 Cam2 Cam3 Cam9 CmAAT 16 CM09 Sfiu2 Sfiu4 Smo7 JCC1 F: M13-TTTAACCCAGTAGCCTATCATGTCA R: GTCTGAAGATAATGCTGCATGGTT F: M13-TAGAAAAGGCTGAAGGAGTGGC R: TGAGGAAGCAACTGTAAATAGGAGA F: GCCACTTCTTTTGAAGTCACC R: M13-GAAGCATCTTGTATGGCTTGC F: CAAAGTATATCTTCTCAGGGACACG R: M13-TGCATTGCTGTGAAGAGACC F: TTCTGTGGGAGAAGACAAAGG R: M13-ACTTGCCTGCTTCACTCC F: M13-TCCACAAGGACACCATTAGG R: GGTATTTCTTTTGC F: M13-AACATCTACTTTGGCCTCTCC R: TCTGTGCCCTGTTCTACTGC F: M13-AATTGCAGCACTAATGAGC R: GCTCATCAATCAAAACATTCC F: M13-TCCCAAGGGTACCAGTGAA R: TGTTGGCTCCCTGCTTAAAT F: M13-GGATGTTGCCCCACATATTT R: TTGCCTTGTTTATGAGCCAT F: M13-ATAAACGGCTAATATGAAGTCT R: AGGCTAGATATTGCTCTTATCCT F: M13-TGAGGGGGAAGAGAATAAGAGA R: CAGGGCAGTATTTTCAGGACATT F: M13-TTTTCACCCAGTTCACTTCAGCC R: GATTCAAATTTGCCGCAGGATTA F: M13-GGATTGGAGATTTTCAGGAGC R: AGGGAACTGATGCCCCA Buchholz et al 1998 AF025894 Buchholz et al 1998 AF025899 Guay & Mulder 2005 AY766439 Guay & Mulder 2005 AY766443 Guay & Mulder 2005 AY766445 Carew et al 2003 AY130973 Carew et al 2003 AY130974 Carew et al 2003 AY130978 Stai and Hughes 2003 AF509882 Maak et al 2000 AJ271212 Fields & Scribner 1997 Fields & Scribner 1997 U63682 U63683 U63685 Paulus & Tiedemann 2003 AJ427847 Kim et al 1991; Wistow et al 1988 M55132 2 Buchholz, W. G., Pearce, J. M., Pierson, B. J. & Scribner, K. T. (1998) Dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms in waterfowl (family Anatidae): characterization of a sex-linked (Z-specific) and 14 autosomal loci. Animal Genetics 29, 323-325 Carew, P. J., Adcock, G. J. & Mulder, R. A. (2003) Microsatellite loci for paternity assessment in the black swan (Cygnus atratus: Aves). Molecular Ecology Notes 3, 1-3 Denk, A. G., Gautschi, B., Carter, K. & Kempenaers, B. (2004) Seven polymorphic microsatellite loci for paternity assessment in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Molecular Ecology Notes 4, 506-508 Guay, P.-J. & Mulder, R. A. (2005) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in musk duck (Biziura lobata: Aves), and their application to other waterfowl species. Molecular Ecology Notes 5, 249-252 Fields, R. L. & Scribner, K. T. (1997) Isolation and characterization of novel waterfowl microsatellite loci: cross-species comparisons and research applications. Molecular Ecology 6, 199-202 Kim, R. Y., Lietman, T., Piatigorsky, J. & Wistow, G. J. (1991) Structure and expression of the duck alpha-enolase/tau-crystallin-encoding gene. Gene 103, 193-200 Maak, S., Neumann, K., von Lengerken, G. & Gattermann, R. (2000) First seven microsatellites developed for the Peking duck (Anas platyrhynchos). Animal Genetics 31, 233 Paulus, K. B. & Tiedemann, R. (2003) Ten polymorphic autosomal microsatellite loci for the Eider duck Somateria mollissima and their cross-species applicability among waterfowl species (Anatidae). Molecular Ecology Notes 3, 250–252 Stai, S. M. & Hughes, C. R. (2003) Characterization of microsatellite loci in wild and domestic Muscovy ducks (Cairinamoschata). Animal Genetics 34, 387-389 Wistow, G. J., Lietman, T., Williams, L. A., Stapel, S. O., de Jong, W. W., Horwitz, J. and Piatigorsky, J. (1988) Tau-crystallin/alpha-enolase: one gene encodes both an enzyme and a lens structural protein. Journal of Cell Biology 107, 2729-2736 3