Name: __________________________
Date: _____
Date of Test: _________
Study Guide Unit 4 Test Earth Materials and Processes
1.
There are 108 elements but over 4000 different minerals
BECAUSE different minerals are formed by different combinations of
elements.
2.
To be classified as a mineral it must be inorganic, naturally
occurring, solid, have a crystal structure, and have a definite
composition.
1.
Use the table
Mineral
Talc
Galena
Magnetite
Quartz
Corundum
Diamond
Hardness
1
3
6
7
9
10
Luster
Pearly
Metallic
Metallic
Glassy
Dull to Brilliant
Brilliant
Streak
White
Gray to Black
Black
Colorless
Colorless
Colorless
a.
Industrial saws need to be hard enough to cut EVERYTHING else.
What mineral should you find in an industrial saw? Diamonds
b. A mineral can only be scratched by a mineral that is HARDER
than it. Which mineral(s) would NOT scratch glass with a hardness of
5.5? Talc and Galena
3.
Use pages 148-149 (Igneous), 152-155 (Sedimentary), 160-161
(Metamorphic), and the table below.
Rock
Gneiss
Unique Features
Rock is made of strips of
light and dark minerals
Conglomerate Rock is made of pebbles
and fossils cemented
together in layers/strata.
Granite
Randomly arranged large
pink, black and white
crystals.
Rhyolite
Randomly arranged tiny
pink, black and white
crystals.
Particles or
Crystals?
crystals
Particles size /
crystal size
coarse
particles
coarse (pebbles)
crystals
coarse
crystals
fine
a.
Which rock(s), if any, are sedimentary?
Conglomerate: because made of other rocks/fossils that are
cemented together
b.
Which rock(s), if any, are igneous?
Granite/Rhyolite: because crystals are random
c.
Which rocks(s), if any, are metamorphic?
Gneiss: because minerals are in strips
4.
All types of rocks can be broken down to form ALL other types of
rocks (there are 3 types, M, S, I)
5.
The way rocks form is the main criterion for dividing rocks into
the three groups.
6.
Sedimentary rocks form by these processes in order (153)
Eroision
Depostion
Compaction
Cementation
7.
Igneous rocks (149): an extrusive rock that formed from rapidly
cooling lava forms fine - grained rocks with small crystals. Intrusive
rock that formed from slowly cooling magma forms coarse - grained
rock with large crystals.
8.
The most characteristic evidence of a sedimentary rock are their
defined layers.
9.
Rock Layers Exposed on the Side of a Hill
Sedimentary rock layer
in what used to be water.
What happened? Particles (sediment) settled to the bottom of the water.
10. Where does loose rock on the surface of Earth come from?
Loose rocks were once part of Earth’s solid rock layer.
(solid rocks or liquid rocks?)
11. Water, wind, and plant roots can all break rock layers.
12. Roots of a tree that grow through the cracks of rocks and move the
rocks apart is a description of Mechanical (physical) weathering.
13. Water is the most common agent of erosion.
14. If you have two rocks that experience a DIFFERENCE IN
WEATHERING BUT are the same age, in the same place, and are
exposed to the same weather and climate then they must be made of
DIFFERENT materials.
15. You take a limestone rock, cut it in half, and put the pieces in two
different locations. One experiences weathering TWICE as fast as the
other because they were exposed to different climate conditions.
16. Mountains can end up half the height they once were because wind
and water will break down the rock gradually every day over millions
of years.
17. Caves can form from water dissolving rock and leaving behind
holes.