Motivation and Emotion Study Guide
Module 34
 Define motivation
 What is an instinct? Does the instinct theory work well for humans? Why or why
not?
 Describe the drive-reduction theory of motivation
 What is homeostasis?
 What are incentives and how do they affect motivation?
 How does arousal factor into motivation?
 Discuss Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Module 35
 Discuss Keys’ study on hunger
 Discuss Washburn/Cannon’s study on hunger
 Discuss how glucose and insulin affect hunger
 Discuss the role that the hypothalamus plays in experiencing hunger
 Discuss how different hormones/chemicals can affect hunger
 Define set point. What is the set point theory?
 What is basal metabolic rate?
 Discuss how culture can affect hunger and tastes.
 Compare and contrast anorexia and bulimia.
 What factors can affect the likelihood of developing an eating disorder?
Module 36
 Who was the first person to really research and describe sexual behavior in the
U.S.?
 Describe Masters and Johnson’s sexual response cycle.
 What is a refractory period?
 What are sexual disorders that men suffer from? Women?
 Discuss testosterone and estrogen.
 Discuss how external and imaginary stimuli can affect sexual motivation.
 What are some factors that can affect contraception use and teen pregnancy?
 What are some factors that can affect the spread of sexually transmitted
infections?
 Discuss the research on environmental and biological influences on sexual
orientation.
Module 37
 Job vs. career vs. calling
 Describe flow.
 What is industrial-organizational psychology? Personnel psychology?
Organizational psychology?
 What do personnel psychologists do?
 What is achievement motivation?
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What is the relationship between satisfaction and engagement?
What are some different types of leadership? What are some effective
management techniques?
Module 38
 What are the 3 components of emotions?
 Describe the James-Lange Theory of Emotion.
 Describe the Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion.
 Describe the Schacter-Singer Two-Factor Theory of Emotion.
 Describe how the autonomic nervous system is related to emotions.
 Describe how arousal and performance are related.
 Describe the physiological similarities and differences among different emotions.
 Discuss the problems with lie detectors.
 What is the spillover effect? Give an example.
 Does cognition precede emotion? Explain. Discuss the opinions of different
researchers (Zajonc, LeDoux, Lazarus, and Schacter-Singer)
Module 39
 Are we better at deciphering positive or negative non-verbal expressions?
 Are extraverts or introverts better at reading other people’s emotions?
 What are some gender differences in reading and communicating emotions?
 How good are we at detecting deceiving expressions? Discuss Ekman’s research.
 Are facial expressions similar across cultures? Are gestures?
 Discuss the facial feedback hypothesis.
 Discuss the behavior feedback hypothesis.
Module 40
 What are the 10 basic emotions Izard came up with? What emotion did Tracey
and Robins add? Which one did Shaver add?
 What are the two dimensions of emotion?
 How do we learn fear? Give an example.
 What are some biological aspects related to fear?
 What causes people to become angry?
 What is catharsis?
 Does venting reduce anger or increase anger? Explain.
 What is the feel-good, do-good phenomenon?
 What is subjective well-being?
 Describe how positive and negative emotions vary over the course of a day.
 Discuss how adaptability affects emotions.
 Describe the relationship between wealth and happiness.
 Describe the adaptation-level phenomenon.
 Discuss relative deprivation.
 How can we be happier? What should we do?