Oceans 11 Test review 3
Numbered questions are short answer questions.
Underlined questions are fill in the blanks or multiple choice questions.
1. What is the scientific definition of a beach:
__________and _____________ portions of the coastal profile are permanently
submerged in water, below the low tide mark. An important feature that separates
the _________________from shoreface zones is fairweather wave base – the depth at
which water is affected by wave movement under normal weather conditions. The
__________________ zone normally only receives fine sediment that settles from
suspension.
The ______________ zone lies above fairweather wave base and is constantly
affected by normal waves.
Once a wave breaks, its water moves as a sheet upslope as ____________, and falls
back toward the sea as ____________. The narrow area in which this occurs is
called the ________________. The location of swash zone shifts due to the rising and
falling of the water level, associated with tides.
The area affected by the swash zone on a daily basis is called the _______________
(between low and high tide marks). Beyond the Foreshore of some beaches is a
__________________ zone, characterized by dunes. Dunes are constructed by
____________________ transported from the foreshore and elsewhere.
2. Name and describe the two main types of shorelines. Which type is ours?
Most sediment supplied to beaches along continental coastlines is delivered to the
coast by _________________.
During last ice age the (____________________) (18,000 years ago) sea-level
dropped and shelves were exposed.
3. What is a Delta:
4. How is sediment transported along a coastline? Draw a diagram
The net result is a current that flows parallel to the shore.
This is called a _____________________
5. What is a Rip Current? Breaking waves approaching the beach carry water
toward the beach. If the returning water channels into a backwash channel it causes
a current that can be dangerous for swimmers called a ________________________.
If caught in a rip current, swim ________________________ to shore !
6. What is Undertow:
Where do we find tidal landforms? ___________________________ tidal range
7. What is an Estuaries?
___________________ deltas are often shaped like a bird’s foot.
River-dominated deltas are dissected by numerous distributary channels.
River-dominated deltas protrude far from the coast.
Sediment in river-dominated deltas accumulates in shore-perpendicular ridges.
___________________ deltas tend to be triangular in shape.
Wave-dominated deltas do not have many distributary channels.
Wave-dominated deltas do not protrude far from the coast.
Sediment on wave-dominated deltas accumulates in shore-parallel ridges and bars.
___________________ deltas tend to be lobate.
Tide-dominated deltas have poorly defined, interconnected distributary channels.
Tide-dominated deltas do not extend far from coast.
Sediment accumulates in shore-perpendicular linear islands and ridges.
Waves produce ______________________ bars.
Currents favor _______________________ deposition.
River- and tide-dominated deltas have ___________________________________..
The Continental Margin: Includes the:_________________________________.
Continental Shelves: _____% of Earth’s surface.
Is the shallow, gently sloping area found as you first enter the ocean water.
Economically critical zone. Complex zones subjected to many varying geologic
processes. Climate Erosion and deposition by waves, currents, slumping, turbidity
flows. Glacial processes and Relative Sea Level Change
Continental Slope: 1 to 9 deg. slope angle. The steepest part of the continental
margin. Extends from shelf break, terminating at continental rise (slope angle
decrease to less than 1 degree) or oceanic trench.
Erosional Processes that modify marine structures include:
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Name 4 of the 6 banks that make up the Scotian shelf between the Laurentian
channel and the North East channel
Submarine ___________ cut across the slope and channel sediment to the sea floor.
In this area there are flash underwater floods that flow down the slope. They are
called _____________________ currents.
Turbidity currents a critical mechanism of sediment transport
Leads to canyon formation and sediment delivery to deep ocean
Deep Sea Fans are reservoirs for vast majority of sediment input to the ocean.
Oceanic trench - narrow and deep trough, ocean crust is __________________.
Middle oceanic ridge –
Why do earthquakes occur at these particular locations? (Choose one)
a. The rock there is weaker
b. The motion on two sides of the fault is in the same direction
c. The motion on two sides of the fault is in the opposite direction
d. These areas are under compression
Seamounts –
Guyots Types of sediment:
_________________ - land-derived, comprise continental rise and abyssal plains
______________ - microscopic organisms, fine-grained clay, settle slowly through
the ocean water.
Ocean waves are mainly caused by the ____________.
Crest Trough Wave Height Wavelength Wave Period Wave Frequency –
Wave Velocity The size of a body of water that the wind blows causing waves is the ___________.
Tides:
_________________ Tides: During ___________________ moon phases the moon,
sun, and Earth are aligned causing a greater gravitational pull on the Earth.
_________________ Tides: During quarter moon phases the moon, sun, and Earth
are at right angles canceling the effect of the gravitational pull on the Earth.
Tides are determined by the spinning of the earth every 24 hours. They occur 50
minutes later each day . Why?
Earthquakes: Fault movements of sea floor – The most common cause of Tsunami
The word abyss means?
Alvin is a?
Another name for the surface zone is:
From 200 meters to 1000 meters below the ocean is the?
An area of rapid drop in temperature in the ocean is called?
The ability of an animal to give off light of its own is called?