Central Washington University
Outside Plant Communications Distribution
Design Guide
(Revision 1.1)
May 25, 2001
Conley Engineering, Inc.
Consulting Electrical Engineers
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................. II
LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................................................... II
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1
DOCUMENT INTENT .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2
NEW CONSTRUCTION
OVERBUILD CONSTRUCTION
BASIC CONSTRUCTION
DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONS AND DESIGN STANDARDS ............................................................................ 4
DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
DESIGN STANDARDS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 4
REFERENCES, STANDARDS, AND CODES
MANUFACTURERS
DEVIATION FROM STANDARDS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 7
OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTSIDE PLANT MASTER PLAN
DEFINITION OF TERMS
PATHWAY SYSTEM ..............................................................................................................................................................................10
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
UNDERGROUND CABLE VAULTS (UCVS)
DUCTS (CONDUIT)
DUCTBANKS
COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA ...............................................................................................................................................................21
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
GROUNDING AND BONDING
MEDIA TYPES
TERMINATION
LABELING AND ADMINISTRATION
ENTRANCE FACILITIES .........................................................................................................................................................................25
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
GROUNDING AND BONDING
APPENDICES...................................................................................................................................................... 26
APPENDIX 1 — CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS ..................................................................................................................................26
APPENDIX 2 — BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................................27
© 2016 Conley Engineering, Inc.
FIGURES AND TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 — TWO-LEVEL HIERARCHICAL STAR TOPOLOGY ........................................................................ 7
FIGURE 2 — TYPICAL UCV DETAIL ................................................................................................................. 11
FIGURE 3 — SPLAYED DUCT ENTRY/EXIT .................................................................................................... 12
FIGURE 4 — CORRECT AND INCORRECT DUCT ENTRY/EXIT FROM A UCV ............................................ 13
FIGURE 5 — DUCT ENTRANCES IN A UCV .................................................................................................... 17
FIGURE 6 — TYPICAL 4X4 DUCTBANK DETAILS .......................................................................................... 20
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 — REFERENCES, STANDARDS, AND CODES ................................................................................... 5
TABLE 2 — DEFINITION OF TERMS ................................................................................................................. 8
TABLE 3 — DUCT TYPES AND USAGE ........................................................................................................... 15
TABLE 4 — DUCTBANK MINIMUM SEPARATIONS ..................................................................................... 18
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this document is to provide CWU staff, as well as consulting architects,
engineers, and designers working for CWU with a guide for the design of outside plant
(OSP) communications distribution systems that accurately reflect CWU and industry
standards in effect as of this publication.
This document was originally produced (in 1999) based on industry standards and
practices, as well as the telecommunications practices in use at that time at CWU. Under
the current revision, it has been updated to reflect the methods, materials and standards
that have been used to for providing telecommunications services to the existing
Residence Hall facilities. The updated document also reflects changes in industry
practice as of this publication.
Outside plant communications distribution systems designed for CWU are expected to
support and integrate voice, data, and video communications with common media (fiber
optic and unshielded twisted pair (UTP) copper cable).
In general, it is the responsibility of the outside plant communications distribution
designer to coordinate with the other designers on a project (architecture, electrical,
mechanical, etc.) to ensure that other systems are both compatible with and
complementary to the communications cabling system. CWU’s design philosophy is that
it is critical to coordinate between disciplines during the design phase of a project, rather
than attempting to make adjustments in the field during construction.
DOCUMENT INTENT
This document addresses outside plant communications distribution system design as it
relates to:



Pathway System – underground cable vaults (UCV’s), ductbanks, ducts (conduits), etc.
Communications Media – fiber and UTP copper media.
Building Entrance Facilities
This document is not intended to serve as a Master Specification nor for stand-alone use
on design build projects — it is to be used in conjunction with the CWU Outside Plant
Communications Distribution System Master Specification. This document should serve as
a guide for making standards compliant design decisions which, in due course, will be
reflected in a system specification based upon the CWU Outside Plant Communications
Distribution System Master Specification. In addition to specifications for a
telecommunications project, plan drawings and schematic diagrams will also need to be
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INTRODUCTION
produced by the designer. The drawings should conform to the guidelines contained in
this document.
In addition, this document is not intended to replace or detract from the CustomerOwned Outside Plant Design Manual (CO-OSP) produced and distributed by BICSI.1
Rather, this document is to be used in conjunction with the CO-OSP in order to reinforce
selected CO-OSP content as well as highlight any differences between CO-OSP and CWU
standards.
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
Throughout this document, reference will be made to three types of construction: new,
overbuild and basic construction. Construction of a new outside plant communications
distribution system as well as the addition to and/or modification of an existing outside
plant communications distribution system are considered to be included in these
construction projects. Tradeoffs between design standards and practicality will many
times be dependent upon the type of construction. Different design approaches may be
warranted given differing types of construction.
Where the type of construction is applicable to the current discussion, a superscripted
circular number, such as this , will make reference
 CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE
next to the text. This number refers to a comment
 This is an example of a reference to
the text at the left
in a special Construction Reference box to the right
of the text (see the example at right).
The three types of construction are defined below. These definitions are applicable to
the purposes of this document only.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
New construction is defined as construction that results in a new (or new portion of
an existing) outside plant communications distribution system. For the most part,
new pathway will be constructed and new communications media will be installed in
the pathway. A recent CWU project with components that typify this type of
construction is:

Electrical Utility Upgrade Phase 1 – (1999-2001)
The CO-OSP is probably the first widely distributed industry reference text for the design of standards compliant outside
plant communications distribution systems.
1
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INTRODUCTION
OVERBUILD CONSTRUCTION
Overbuild construction is defined as construction which may include demolition
and/or abandonment of existing pathway and communications media, reuse of
existing pathway for installation of new communications media, and the addition of
new pathway and/or media to existing pathway and/or media. Common terms
referring to this type of construction include expansion, renovation, remodel, addition,
and retrofit, among others.
BASIC CONSTRUCTION
Basic construction is defined as construction that includes reuse of existing
distribution pathway for the installation of new communications media. Demolition
of existing communications media may be involved as well. In general, basic
construction is focused on the installation of new communications media with no (or
very minor) modifications made to the existing pathway system. Recent CWU
projects with components that typify this type of construction are:


Campus Fiber Optic Backbone (FOB) – (1999-2001)
Residential Network (RESNET) – (1999-2001)
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DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONS AND DESIGN STANDARDS
DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONS AND DESIGN STANDARDS
DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONS
It is required that all outside plant communications distribution system designs executed
on the behalf of CWU be designed by a Registered Communications Distribution
Designer (RCDD) as certified by BICSI2. This means that the design project shall be
managed under the direct supervision of an RCDD on the consultant’s staff. Project
related communications between CWU and the consultant shall be mainly through the
RCDD.
In addition to the RCDD certification, it is desirable that the RCDD have the following
qualifications:
 Professional Engineer (P.E.) in the electrical engineering field
 RCDD/LAN certification from BICSI
 MCSE certification from Microsoft Corporation3
In addition, the RCDD shall have the following qualifications:




The RCDD shall demonstrate a minimum of 5 years of experience in the design of
outside plant communications distribution systems. Experience not directly related
to the design of outside plant communications distribution systems, such as sales
and/or marketing, project management, or installation experience, is not acceptable.
The RCDD shall demonstrate that he/she has designed or has had personal design
oversight of a minimum of five projects similar in size and construction cost to the
current CWU project.
The RCDD shall not be affiliated with any manufacturer associated with the
communications distribution system industry.
The RCDD shall be completely familiar and conversant with the standards listed
below.
DESIGN STANDARDS
REFERENCES, STANDARDS, AND CODES
CWU standards are based upon the Customer-Owned Outside Plant Design Manual (COOSP) produced by BICSI, the Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual (TDMM)
2BICSI,
8610 Hidden River Pkwy, Tampa, FL 33637-1000 USA, Tampa, FL 33612-6415; 1-800-242-7405; www.bicsi.org
3
Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399, (425) 882-8080; www.microsoft.com/mcse
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DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONS AND DESIGN STANDARDS
also produced by BICSI, ANSI/TIA/EIA and ISO/IEC standards, and NEC codes, among
others.
It is required that the Designer be thoroughly familiar with the content and intent of
these references, standards, and codes and that the Designer be capable of applying the
content and intent of these references, standards, and codes to all outside plant
communications system designs executed on the behalf of CWU.
Listed in the table below are references, standards, and codes applicable to outside plant
communications systems design. If questions arise as to which reference, standard, or
code should apply in a given situation, the more stringent shall prevail. As each of these
documents are modified over time, the latest edition and addenda to each of these
documents is considered to be definitive.
TABLE 1 — REFERENCES, STANDARDS, AND CODES
Standard/Reference
BICSI CO-OSP
BICSI TDMM
BICSI TCIM
TIA/EIA - 758
TIA/EIA - 568
TIA/EIA - 569
TIA/EIA - 606
TIA/EIA - 607
TIA/EIA - 455
TIA/EIA - 526
IEEE 802.3 (series)
NEC
NESC
L&I
OSHA Codes
Name/Description
BICSI Customer-Owned Outside Plant Design Manual
BICSI Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual
BICSI Telecommunications Cabling Installation Manual
Customer-Owned Outside Plant Telecommunications Cabling
Standard
Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard
Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunication
Pathways and Spaces
The Administration Standard for the Telecommunications
Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings
Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements
for Telecommunications
Fiber Optic Test Standards
Optical Fiber Systems Test Procedures
Local Area Network Ethernet Standard, including the IEEE
802.3z Gigabit Ethernet Standard
National Electric Code, NFPA
National Electrical Safety Code, IEEE
Department of Labor and Industries, Electrical Section, RCW
19.28, WAC 296-46 and WAC 296-401A, Interim Printing
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Code of
Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 1910 - General Industry, and
1926 - Construction Industry, et al.
Also of use to the Designer are the references listed in Appendix 2 – Bibliography and
References.
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DESIGNER QUALIFICATIONS AND DESIGN STANDARDS
MANUFACTURERS
In addition to the standards listed above, CWU has selected several manufacturers of
communications cabling infrastructure products. These manufacturers and their
products are identified in the CWU Communications Distribution System Master
Specification. The outside plant communications distribution designer is required to
incorporate only these manufacturers into the design, and to design a communications
distribution system that will be suitable for the use of products from these
manufacturers.
DEVIATION FROM STANDARDS
It is not the intent of CWU to rigidly impose standards on every aspect of an outside
plant communications system design. Each design is unique and each design may be
subject to situations in which deviations from the standards are warranted.
If the Designer feels that deviation from a given standard is warranted, the Designer shall
submit a written deviation request to CWU. The request will, at a minimum, indicate the
standard from which there is a proposed deviation, the substitution being proposed in
place of the standard, the reason the request is being made, and an explanation of the
justifications (economic, technical or otherwise) for the deviation. The Designer may,
upon written approval from CWU, incorporate the design deviation into the overall
design. CWU approval is required on a project-by-project basis. The Designer should
not assume that a deviation approval for one project means that the deviation will
necessarily be approved for a subsequent project.
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
OVERVIEW
This section highlights design considerations of particular importance to CWU. It also
discusses differing CWU standards given the type of construction (new, overbuild, or
basic) for a particular project, as well as CWU standards that may differ from the
standards listed previously in Table 1.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTSIDE PLANT MASTER PLAN
Each design performed on the behalf of CWU shall conform to and integrate with the
CWU Telecommunications Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan. This plan provides a 10year strategy for the use and expansion of the underground telecommunications
pathways on the CWU campus.
The Master Plan calls for the campus to be subdivided into nine areas called Building
Clusters. Each building within a cluster is connected with telecommunications pathway
to a building within the cluster that will serve as the Building Cluster Hub. The Building
Cluster Hubs are in turn connected with telecommunications pathway to the
Communications Center. This configuration is based upon a TIA/EIA standard two-level
hierarchical star topology such as that shown in Figure 1, below.
FIGURE 1 — TWO-LEVEL HIERARCHICAL STAR TOPOLOGY
Comm
Center
Building
Cluster
Hub
Building
Building
Building
Cluster
Hub
Building
Building
Building
Building
Cluster
Hub
Building
Building
Building
Building
Please refer to the Master Plan – Overview drawing in the CWU Telecommunications
Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan for more detail.
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The table below defines and clarifies common terms that will be used throughout this
section — it is expected that the Designer is already familiar with these terms.
TABLE 2 — DEFINITION OF TERMS4
Term
Backbone
Backfill
Base
Bedding
Building Cluster
Building Cluster Hub
Communications Center
Duct
Ductbank
Entrance Facility
(EF)
Underground Cable Vault
(UCV)
•
Manholes
Definition
Pathway or cable between buildings.
Earth material used specifically for filling and grading excavations
back to a finished state. Backfill is placed on top of the bedding
surrounding encased ductbanks and direct-buried conduits.
Earth materials used specifically to level and grade an excavation’s
subgrade for the subsequent placement of encased ductbanks,
direct-buried conduit, and UCV’s. Base material is placed on top of
the subgrade and beneath the bedding surrounding encased
ductbanks, conduits, or UCV’s.
Earth material used specifically for filling excavations. Bedding is
placed around encased ductbank, conduits, or UCV’s. Bedding is
placed on top of the Base (if a Base exists) and beneath the backfill.
A group of buildings connected via pathway in a star topology to a
Building Cluster Hub (see below).
A building that serves as a pathway hub for the buildings in its
Building Cluster.
A centralized building on the CWU campus that serves as a pathway
hub for the Building Cluster Hubs. The Communications Center,
Building Cluster Hubs, and individual buildings are connected
together with pathway in a two-level hierarchical star topology as
shown in Figure 1.
A single enclosed raceway (conduit) used for the routing of cables.
An arrangement of multiple ducts, usually in tiers.
The interface between the premises (in-building) communications
distribution system and the outside plant communications
distribution system and services (such as the public telephone
network or inter-building (campus) backbone cabling.)
The EF consists of protection hardware, connecting hardware and
cable and equipment necessary to connect premises distribution to
outside plant distribution.
An underground cable vault (part of an underground duct system)
used to facilitate placing, connectorizing, and maintaining
telecommunications cables and associated equipment. “UCV”
collectively refers to manholes, handholes, and pullholes.
A large underground cable vault in which it is expected that a
person can completely enter to perform work.
Many of these definitions are excerpted or modified from original definitions from: BICSI, Customer-Owned Outside
Plant Design Manual; BICSI, Telecommunications Distribution Methods (TDMM) Manual; and TIA/EIA – 758, CustomerOwned Outside Plant Telecommunications Cabling Standard
4
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
•
Handholes/Pullholes
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A small underground cable vault in which it is expected that a
person cannot completely enter to perform work.
Handholes/pullholes are used for the placement of cable only.
Splicing and/or equipment are not permitted in
handholes/pullholes.
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
PATHWAY SYSTEM
The pathway system (underground cable vaults, ducts, and ductbanks) is the
foundational component of the outside plant communications distribution system. A
pathway system designed with foresight provides for ease of administration,
maintenance, future expansion, and replacement of cabling as technology changes. A
well-designed pathway system contributes more to reducing the total cost of ownership of
an outside plant communications distribution system than does any other single
component.
This section describes design considerations for the pathway system that are of
particular concern to CWU. The Designer is expected to refer to the TIA/EIA standards
and the BICSI CO-OSP and TDMM for other and more specific design criteria and detail.
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
As discussed previously, the design of pathway shall conform to the TIA/EIA standard
two-level hierarchical star topology as defined in the CWU Telecommunications Pathway
Outside Plant Master Plan.
Prior to design, the Designer is expected to meet with CWU and review CWU’s
requirements for the project. Items to review should include proposed pathway routing,
aesthetic requirements, long range plans that CWU has regarding new and existing
buildings, paved areas, opens spaces, etc. which could be affected by the design, and
any unique requirements specific to the project.
After the requirements review, a thorough and
detailed field investigation shall be conducted.
The field survey shall include, but should not be
limited to:
 CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE
 This list is primarily applicable to New
and Overbuild Construction. However,
items 1 and 2 are applicable to Basic
Construction as well.
1. A thorough review of existing records and a comparison of these records against
actual field conditions.
2. Notation of the condition, suitability, and diagrams showing the locations of existing
pathway, UCV’s, and building entrances likely to be used during the course of the
project.
3. Documentation of where the telecommunications pathway will require coordination
with pathway used for other utilities.
4. Investigate adverse ground conditions and obstructions (such as buildings, trees,
etc.) and any significant changes in grade along the proposed pathway.
5. Notation of the existing paving types and the type of material used as a base below
the paving along the proposed route.
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
6. Notation of the most desirable locations for new underground cable vaults (UCV’s)
and ductbank routes, as well as any alternative locations and routes.
Detailed design should commence only after the field survey has been conducted and
reviewed by CWU.
The discussion below focuses on specific design considerations for the major
components of the pathway system: UCV’s, ducts, and ductbanks.
UNDERGROUND CABLE VAULTS (UCVS)
UCVs provide accessible space in an outside plant pathway system for the pulling,
placing, and splicing of cables, as well as for maintenance and operations equipment.
UCV’s are also used to segment the pathway system into lengths compatible with
standard reel lengths for outside plant cable and to conform to maximum pathway
lengths as defined in the TIA/EIA standards.
Underground cable vaults consist of manholes and handholes/pullholes (see Table 2,
above). UCV’s are also sometimes referred to as maintenance holes. Typically, manholes
are installed for main ductbanks (i.e. ductbanks used for routing large portions of the
telecommunications system backbone), and handholes/pullholes are installed for
subsidiary ductbanks (i.e. ductbanks serving small clusters of buildings or a single
building).
FIGURE 2 — TYPICAL UCV DETAIL
MANHOLE COVER WITH "COMMUNICATIONS" EMBOSSED IN CASTING.
STENCIL MANHOLE NUMBER IN 3" LETTERS ON COVER
RESTORE FINISHED GRADE TO EXISTING
CONDITION (TURF, CONCRETE, OR ASPHALT).
FOR TURF AREAS, PROVIDE NEW SOD.
IMPORTED BACKFILL
(95% COMPACTED)
UNDISTURBED EARTH
GROUT ENVELOPE
(TYPICAL)
4'-0"
CONDUIT
( TYPICAL )
CONDUIT END BELL
FLUSH MOUNTED
(TYPICAL)
6" TO 1'-0"
GRAVEL
EXCAVATION BOTTOM
(SMOOTH TO +/- 1")
MINIMUM 6"
4'-8"
MINIMUM 6"
The quantity of duct entrances in a UCV should be sized for both immediate and future
requirements. Adequate capacity for future duct entrances will mitigate the need for
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
future wall breakouts. Additionally, UCVs configured for splayed duct entrances (rather
than center entrances) are preferred. Splayed duct entry facilitates racking and
minimizes bending of the communications cable. An example of splayed duct entry/exit
is shown in the figure below.
FIGURE 3 — SPLAYED DUCT ENTRY/EXIT
UCV
4" CONDUIT
(TYPICAL)
PLAN VIEW
When designing duct entry and exit from a UCV, it is desirable to have ducts enter and
exist from opposite ends of the UCV. If possible, ducts entering the sidewalls of a UCV
should be avoided, given that sidewall entry may reduce overall racking space, may
cause minimum cable bend radii to be exceeded, can complicate (or hinder) future cable
maintenance, and can increase construction costs during cable installation.
However, CWU recognizes that sidewall duct entry may be necessary or even desirable at
times. If sidewall duct entry is necessary, the Designer shall ensure that ducts enter and
exit at diagonally opposite corners rather than at endwall or sidewall midpoints. The
Designer is to ensure that the design of the endwall and sidewall duct entry in a UCV will
in no way hinder the proper installation and maintenance of the cable using the ducts.
Refer to the Figure below for more detail regarding this requirement.
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
FIGURE 4 — CORRECT AND INCORRECT DUCT ENTRY/EXIT FROM A UCV
C O M M U N IC A TIO N S
C O M M U N IC A TIO N S
4" CONDUIT
(TYPICAL)
UCV
(TYPICAL)
CORRECT (PREFERRED)
CORRECT (ACCEPTABLE)
C O M M U N IC A TIO N S
C O M M U N IC A TIO N S
C O M M U N IC A TIO N S
INCORRECT
INCORRECT
INCORRECT
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Other important design considerations for UCVs are:




A UCV shall not be shared between telecommunications and any other utility (such
as electrical). In no instance are joint-use UCVs permissible.
All UCV’s should be equipped with provisions for grounding and bonding, struts for
racking, pulling eyes, and a sump.
In general, powered devices shall not be installed in UCV’s.
Top slabs for UCV’s shall be flush with the ground.
Design considerations unique to each type of UCV (manholes and handholes/pullholes)
are discussed below.
 CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE
MANHOLES
 The following discussion of manholes
and handhole/pullholes is primarily
applicable to New and Overbuild
Construction.
Manholes are used for pulling, placing, and
splicing cables, and for providing accessible space for cable maintenance and
operation equipment.
Ductbank depth, obstructions, and other utility pathways may necessitate placement
of a manhole below normal depth. If this is the case, the roof of the manhole shall
be placed at normal depth and riser extensions shall be used to increase the depth of
the manhole. By doing so, the need for a deep collar (neck) will be eliminated.
Additionally, lighting and ventilation can be maintained at a normal level. If a deep
collar is unavoidable and the depth of the collar will exceed 24 inches, the Designer
shall obtain written permission from CWU and ensure that the collar is equipped with
permanent galvanized steps (rungs).
Diamond plate hinged or removable covers are not acceptable for manholes.
For reference purposes, a typical manhole size is 5’ wide x 8’ long x 7’ high (exterior
dimensions). Actual size may be as much as a foot or more larger in any direction.
HANDHOLES/PULLHOLES
Handholes/pullholes are used to facilitate cable placement in a pathway system.
Handholes should not be used in place of manholes or for splicing cables. The
primary use of a handhole/pullhole is to segment the pathway system. A handhole
should be used if it is shown that a manhole is not required and if one or more of the
following conditions exist:


When the bends in a section of duct will exceed 180-degrees (see Ducts, below).
When the length of the section of duct will exceed the TIA/EIA standard
maximum length (see Ducts, below).
For reference purposes, a handhole/pullhole is defined to be an underground cable
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
vault sized 4’ wide x 4’ long x 4’ high (exterior dimensions) or smaller.
DUCTS (CONDUIT)
CWU has standardized on 4” conduits for telecommunications ducts, with the following
two exceptions:
 Ducts containing cables that serve the Blue Light Emergency Telephones shall be
1½” conduit.
 Ducts containing fiber optic cabling serving the power distribution system metering
equipment shall be 1½” conduit.
The type of conduit to be used is dependent upon the application as shown in the
following table.
TABLE 3 — DUCT TYPES AND USAGE
Conduit Type
Schedule 40 PVC
Schedule 80 PVC
Rigid Galvanized Steel
PVC Coated Steel
Usage
Encased in concrete
Direct-buried
Exposed
Direct-buried, Transitions at building entrances
If the design utilizes any existing pathway, the existing ducts must be proven during
design in order to ensure that the selected pathway is clear and serviceable. Proving the
ducts prior to construction will not only aid the Designer in selecting the appropriate
pathway for use, it will also minimize unexpected (and costly) problems or delays during
construction. Acceptable proving methods are, in order of preference:



Pushing/pulling a test mandrel through the duct
Blowing/pushing/pulling a ball through the duct
Pulling on a previously installed pull cord and observing free movement on both
ends. This method does not prove that a duct is adequate for a given number of
cables, however it does suggest that the duct is probably not completely obstructed.
It is left to the Designer to select the appropriate method for proving a given duct. The
proving method should be selected only after determining the quantity and size of the
communications media to be placed in the duct and after reviewing the condition of the
duct in the field.
DUCT LENGTH
The length of each ductbank segment should be as long as possible (without
exceeding the TIA/EIA maximum distance, see below) in order to minimize the use of
intermediary UCV’s, cable splices, and labor during installation of the
communications media. In general, longer contiguous ducts equate to lower
construction costs.
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The maximum duct length (between UCV’s
and/or buildings) permissible according to
the TIA/EIA 758 standard is 600 ft. Duct
sections exceeding this distance will require
the installation of intermediate UCV’s.
 CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE
 This requirement may be waived at
times for New and Overbuild
Construction given the following
conditions: the duct run is straight; the
Designer can demonstrate that the
pulling tension of a typical
communications cable making use of the
duct will not be exceeded during
installation.
In addition, as the number of bends in a
pathway increases, the maximum length of
the pathway will decrease, due to cable
 The requirements of TIA/EIA 569-A,
pulling tension constraints. Longer runs will
Figure C.5-2 should be met when
calculating maximum section lengths.
therefore tolerate fewer bends. In general,
the Designer should base the pathway system design on an initial segment length
budget of approximately 300 feet, and designed in as straight a line as possible.
BENDS
The Designer shall ensure that bends consist of a single arc of a minimum15-foot
radius. If a smaller radius is absolutely necessary, the radius shall be no less than 10
times the internal diameter of the duct. An individual bend shall not exceed 90
degrees.
Factory manufactured conduit bends should be used wherever possible. The use of
90-degree elbows or condulets (LB’s) is not permissible.
In order to minimize the sidewall pressure exerted on cable sheaths at bend points,
the Designer should ensure that bends with the most severe radii occur at the
beginning (feed end) of a duct section, rather than in the middle or at the pulling
end.
A duct section may have no more than the
 CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE
equivalent of two 90-degree bends (a total of
 This requirement may be waived for
180 degrees) between pull points. The 180Basic Construction. Older existing
pathway may, at times, exceed this rule.
degree maximum shall include kicks and offsets.
The Designer should note on the
In addition, two 90-degree bends separated by
Construction Documents where such
conditions exist.
less than 10 feet are not permissible. Where it
is not possible to construct a section of duct
within the 180-degree bend maximum, intermediary UCV’s must be installed.
DUCT ENTRANCES IN UCV’S OR BUILDINGS
Duct entrances in a UCV should be as perpendicular as possible. Where this is not
possible, the Designer should ensure that the Contractor installs a smooth inner
radius of grout between the UCV and the conduit bell, as shown in the figure below:
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
FIGURE 5 — DUCT ENTRANCES IN A UCV
PULLHOLE
WALL
PULLHOLE
WALL
BELL
BELL
NON SHRINK
GROUT
NON SHRINK
GROUT
CONCRETE ENCASEMENT
HORIZONTAL CONCRETE
ENCASED DUCT
PENETRATION INTO A UCV
PULLHOLE
WALL
SMOOTH
INNER-RADIUS
OF GROUT
BELL
NON SHRINK
GROUT
GROUT ENVELOPE
( 12" MINIMUM DEPTH )
HORIZONTAL DUCT
PENETRATION INTO A UCV
GROUT ENVELOPE
( 12" MINIMUM DEPTH )
ANGLED DUCT
PENETRATION INTO A UCV
Ducts should ideally enter UCV end walls at a point approximately halfway between
the floor and the roof. However, where the total number of ducts penetrating a UCV
(or building entrance) is significantly less than the capacity of the UCV (or building
entrance), the ducts should enter at the lower level in order to ensure that upper
space is reserved for future duct entrances. The Designer shall ensure that the
relative position of a duct (with respect to the side walls) is consistent as it enters and
exits a UCV. Additionally, a duct exiting a UCV in a given position should enter the
next UCV in the same relative position. Ducts that enter from a horizontal orientation
should immediately off-load into a horizontal raceway system.
Concrete encased ducts entering a building
 CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE
 If in some extreme case, CWU allows
shall transition to PVC coated rigid steel using
ductbank to be constructed without

one 10’ stick of conduit . The purpose of the
concrete encasement, the transition to
PVC coated rigid steel is to reduce the chance
PVC coated rigid steel should occur a
minimum of 10’ prior to the building.
of shear damage due to settling on either side
of the junction between the ductbank and the building footing. If (in the opinion of
a structural engineer) rigid steel is unnecessary, then this requirement could be
waived, following the deviation request process described above.
DUCTBANKS
Ductbank consists of an arrangement of multiple ducts constructed in tiers. Typical
ductbank arrangements are 2, 3, and 4 ducts wide by 2, 3, or 4 ducts high.
CWU has standardized on ductbanks constructed of
PVC conduits encased in concrete, with full-length
reinforcement and formed sides.
 CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE
 Ducts used for Blue Light Emergency
Telephones are not subject to this
requirement.
In general, direct-buried conduit ductbanks are not permissible, unless extenuating
circumstances warrant. Should the use of direct-buried PVC conduit ductbank be
warranted, the Designer should ensure that all PVC bends are encased in concrete.
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Where ductbank passes under paved surfaces capable of supporting motor vehicle
traffic, conduit should transition to PVC coated rigid steel a minimum of 10’ outside the
footprint of the paved surface.
The quantity of ducts to install within a ductbank will vary greatly depending upon the
application. However, with the increasing migration from copper cable to fiber optic
cable on the CWU campus, it is expected that the requirement for duct space will
decrease over time.
In keeping with this expectation and with the recommendations made in the CWU
Telecommunications Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan, typical ductbank configurations
are shown below. It should be noted that these typical configurations should serve as a
guideline only. The quantity of ducts in a duct bank should meet the needs of the
application at hand and provide for future expansion capability.





Buildings up to 100,000 sq. ft.: 2 ducts
Buildings 100,000 sq. ft. to 300,000 sq. ft.: 4 ducts
Buildings larger than 300,000 sq. ft.: 6 ducts
Buildings serving as a Building Cluster Hub: 6 ducts
Pathway between Building Cluster Hubs and the Communications Center: 4 ducts
Unless specifically noted above, a typical ductbank will contain four ducts, arranged 2
wide x 2 high.
In general, ductbank used for telecommunications
 CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE
 This may not be possible for Overbuild
pathway should not be shared with other utilities.
Construction.
Budgetary constraints, space limitations, and
various obstructions can make this difficult to
achieve at times. Should shared ductbank be a necessity (rare situations requiring a
deviation request), the Designer should ensure that adequate separation exists between
duct used for telecommunications and duct used for other utilities. Refer to the table
below for minimum separation distances.
TABLE 4 — DUCTBANK MINIMUM SEPARATIONS
Structure
Power or other duct
Pipes (gas, oil, water,
etc.)
Minimum Separations5
Refer to the latest edition of the NEC/NESC (at the time of this
writing: 3 inches if in concrete, 12 inches if in well tamped earth)
Refer to the latest edition of the NEC/NESC (at the time of this
writing: 12 inches if parallel, 6 inches if crossing)
Should future circumstances warrant, CWU might desire to convert concrete-encased
communications ductbank (not direct-buried ductbank) into electrical power ductbank.
5
Measured from outside to outside
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The Designer should therefore ensure that communications ductbank specifications
(conduit spacing, reinforcement, grounding requirements, etc.) conform to NEC
requirements for power ductbank.
If building ducts are constructed concurrently with and in the same duct bank with a
main duct run, place building ducts (subsidiary/lateral ducts) on top of the ducts for the
main run. This is economically advantageous, makes the building ducts more accessible,
and affords some top protection for the main ducts.
Drain slope should exist at all points of the ductbank to allow drainage and prevent the
accumulation of water. A drain slope of ¼” per foot is desirable if possible. If not
possible due to inadequate natural slope or long duct runs, a drain slope of 3” per 100
feet is acceptable. If no other option exists, provide a drain slope by sloping the first half
of the ductbank up towards the midpoint, and then down from the midpoint to the end
(sometimes referred to as a ‘center crown’). Drain slope requirements shall be identified
in the Contract Documents – they shall not be left up to the discretion of the Contractor.
Details for a typical four-conduit ductbank (2 wide x 2 high) are shown in the figure
below:
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
FIGURE 6 — TYPICAL 4X4 DUCTBANK DETAILS
RESTORE FINISHED GRADE TO EXISTING CONDITION.
FOR TURF AREAS, PROVIDE 4" TOPSOIL AND NEW SOD.
IF EXISTING GRADE IS ASPHALT OR CONCRETE,
SAWCUT EXISTING GRADE A MINIMUM 6" WIDER
THAN TRENCH WIDTH
6"
6" WIDE METALLIC WARNING TAPE
IF EXISTING GRADE IS TURF OR EARTH,
USE IMPORTED EARTH BACKFILL (95% COMPACTED).
IF EXISTING GRADE IS ASPHALT OR CONCRETE,
USE GRAVEL BACKFILL
MINIMUM 18"
UNDISTURBED EARTH
CONCRETE DUCTBANK
(SEE DETAIL)
1'-7"
IMPORTED BEDDING
(90% COMPACTED)
4"
SAND BASE
TRENCH BOTTOM
(SMOOTH TO +/- 1")
6"
1'-7"
#2 GROUND WIRE
6"
TRENCH AND ENCASEMENT DETAIL
CONCRETE ENCASED DUCTBANK
SECTION VIEW (END)
#5 REBAR (LONGITUDINAL), CONTINUOUS ALONG FULL
LENGTH OF DUCTBANK, TYPICAL OF 4. PROVIDE
INTERMEDIATE BARS ALONG TOP, BOTTOM, AND SIDES
FOR EVERY 3 CONDUITS HIGH AND 3 CONDUITS WIDE.
MAINTAIN 1'-6" O.C. FOR INTERMEDIATE BARS. DOWEL
REBAR 6" INTO UCV AND FOUNDATION WALLS AND
GROUT WITH EPOXY GROUT.
3 1/2"
4 1/2"
#5 REBAR HOOPS AT CONSTRUCTION
JOINTS AND AT 60" O.C.
3"
4" CONDUIT (4 1/2" O.D.)
(TYPICAL - SIZE, NUMBER,
AND ARRANGEMENT
MAY VARY)
4 1/2"
3 1/2"
CONDUIT SPACERS
5-0"' O.C. (TYPICAL)
7 1/2"
3 1/2"
RESTORE FINISHED GRADE TO EXISTING CONDITION.
FOR TURF AREAS, PROVIDE 4" TOPSOIL AND NEW SOD.
4 1/2"
7 1/2"
3"
4 1/2"
3 1/2"
DUCTBANK DETAIL
CONCRETE ENCASED DUCTBANK
SECTION VIEW (END)
6"
6" WIDE METALLIC
WARNING TAPE
IF EXISTING GRADE IS
TURF OR EARTH, USE
IMPORTED EARTH BACKFILL
(95% COMPACTED).
IF EXISTING GRADE IS
ASPHALT OR CONCRETE,
USE GRAVEL BACKFILL
MINIMUM 18"
3 1/2"
4 1/2"
CONDUIT SPACERS
5'-0" O.C. (TYPICAL)
3"
GRAVEL BEDDING
(TYPICAL)
1'-7"
4 1/2"
4" CONDUIT (4 1/2" O.D.)
(TYPICAL - SIZE, NUMBER
AND ARRANGEMENT
MAY VARY)
2"
4"
SAND BASE
TRENCH BOTTOM
(SMOOTH TO +/- 1")
CONDUIT
COUPLER
(TYPICAL)
6" VERTICAL STAGGER
3'-0" MINIMUM CONDUIT STUB
#5 REBAR HOOPS AT CONSTRUCTION
JOINTS AND AT 5'-0" O.C.
#5 REBAR (LONGITUDINAL), CONTINUOUS ALONG FULL
LENGTH OF DUCTBANK, (TYPICAL OF 2). PROVIDE
INTERMEDIATE BARS ALONG TOP, BOTTOM, AND SIDES
FOR EVERY 3 CONDUITS HIGH AND 3 CONDUITS WIDE.
MAINTAIN 1"-6" O.C. FOR INTERMEDIATE BARS. DOWEL
REBAR 6" INTO UCV AND FOUNDATION WALLS AND
GROUT WITH EPOXY GROUT.
TRENCH AND ENCASEMENT DETAIL
CONCRETE ENCASED DUCTBANK
SECTION VIEW (SIDE)
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA
The communications industry is now witnessing a convergence of technologies. Voice,
data, and video are all capable of utilizing the same type of communications media (i.e.
singlemode fiber). Additionally, these technologies are also beginning to converge into
a single technology capable of combining voice, data, and video signals into a common
signal transmitted down a single path.
Accordingly, and as discussed in the CWU Telecommunications Pathway Outside Plant
Master Plan, CWU has standardized on singlemode fiber optic media as the media of
choice for all future, voice, data, and video backbone systems. Copper media (for voice
and various signaling systems) as well as multimode fiber optic media (for existing data
network equipment and various building and power metering systems) will continue to
be installed and used, but will be used less extensively as time progresses.
As the voice, data, and video systems begin to make use of the singlemode fiber on
campus, existing copper and multimode fiber media can be removed. Additionally,
singlemode fiber media is significantly smaller than the copper media used on campus.
These two factors combined will tend to ease the shortage of duct space on campus.
This section defines design considerations for outside plant communications media
(cable and connecting hardware) that are of particular concern to CWU. The Designer is
expected to refer to the TIA/EIA standards and the BICSI CO-OSP and TDMM for other
and more specific design criteria and detail.
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Following is a list of general items to consider when selecting a communications media
system:



Direct-buried cable and aerial cable should not be used. If extenuating circumstances
require the use of these cable types, the Designer must obtain approval from CWU in
writing prior to finalizing the Construction Documents.
Fiber optic cable shall not be spliced. The
 CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE
 This may not be possible for Overbuild
CWU Telecommunications Pathway Outside
and Basic Construction if the Designer
Plant Master Plan has been designed to
must make use of the existing fiber optic
minimize the amount of fiber splices necessary
outside plant cable.
in the outside plant.
Where cables are to be pulled through UCV’s without splicing, the duct selected for
cable installation shall be at the same elevation as it enters and exits the UCV.
Changes in duct selections, especially in elevations, should be avoided to ensure that
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS










no damage occurs to the cable sheaths and that pulling tensions are kept as low as
possible.
Ducts are to be assigned during the course of design, not during construction. Duct
assignments must be approved by CWU prior to the release of Construction
Documents.
If a multiple ducts are available for use, the bottom ducts should be used first in
order to facilitate future cable placement.
Communications cabling entering a building should be routed so as not to block or
obstruct the planned usage or expansion of any other building that occupies or will
occupy the space.
For long cable runs, the longest cable reel lengths obtainable shall be used. Splices
should not be used except where cable reel lengths are exceeded. If splices are used,
the Designer should ensure that:
1. The cable ends to be spliced have permanent slack loops with sufficient length
that the cable can be removed from the UCV and reach a satisfactory work
surface for splice activities.
2. The splice location (UCV or EF) should have enough space for storing slack cable
after the splice is completed.
50-foot service loops (cable slack) shall be provided for each end of a cable
terminating in a building.
Service loops (cable slack) shall be provided for fiber optic cabling that enters a
building in the UCV nearest the building entrance. The length of cable in the service
loop shall be sufficient that if a cable break occurs between the UCV and the
building, sufficient slack cable would be available in the UCV to reterminate the fiber
optic cabling at the existing patch panel, without the use of a splice.
Communications backbone cables serving
 CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE
different systems (i.e. voice, data, video) shall be
 For New Construction, use different
ducts for cables serving different systems.
segregated6. Segregation can occur by using
For Overbuild and Basic construction, the
different ducts (the most desirable solution), or
use of innerduct is an acceptable
it may occur by using separate innerducts within
alternative although inductive
interference (see below) may be an issue.
the same duct.
Sharing of ducts can produce undesirable
Duct fill shall conform to the TIA/EIA standards
inductive interference, can damage the
facilities by subjecting the cable to
and the NEC.
abrasion and tensional stress if the
For copper media, indoor dry splice enclosures
facilities are pulled in at different times,
shall be installed prior to terminating the
and may present coordination problems
between the various trades involved.
copper cable on building entrance protectors.
Cables are to be tagged (labeled) at locations near where they enter a UCV from a
duct and near where they enter a duct to leave a UCV.
6
Segregation is desirable in order to ensure that when maintenance work is performed on a backbone cable serving a
specific system, work on the cable will not disrupt the functionality of the backbone cables serving other systems
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
GROUNDING AND BONDING
CWU has standardized on considering all locations “exposed” for grounding, bonding,
and electrical protection purposes. Cables with an outer metallic sheath shall be bonded
at each UCV. Bond all other cables with dielectric components whenever a splice is
made.
When a splice occurs in a UCV, metallic sheath components in the cable(s) and splice
enclosures must be bonded to the UCV grounding system. Additionally, cable shield
bond continuity shall be maintained. Bonds should be made with #6 AWG solid copper
wire not more than 20’ long. If over 20’, the conductor must be sized according to NEC
requirements.
Cables should be grounded as close to the entrance of the buildings as possible.
INNERDUCT
The use of innerduct for subducting purposes is strongly encouraged (although it may
not be applicable to every situation). CWU has standardized on three configurations for
subducting a 4-inch conduit with innerduct:



Three 1½” innerducts
Two 1½” and one 1” innerduct
Four 1” innerducts
It is left to the Designer to select the most appropriate configuration for subducting
based upon the conditions of the duct and the application. Innerduct shall not be filled
with cable beyond 50% capacity.
MEDIA TYPES
CWU recognizes three types of communications media for the campus backbone system:



Category 3 UTP (copper) – used for voice, analog signaling, and various metering
applications
Singlemode Fiber Optic – used for data, video, and increasingly, voice applications
62.5/125 µm Multimode Fiber Optic – used primarily for data applications and
various metering applications.
As discussed above, CWU has standardized on singlemode fiber for its voice, data, and
video applications. However, copper and multimode fiber media will still be in use for
some time.
The type and quantity of communications media to install will vary greatly depending
upon the application. In keeping with the recommendations made in the CWU
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Telecommunications Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan, typical communications media
configurations are shown below. It should be noted that these typical configurations
should serve as a guideline only. The type and quantity of communications media shall
be determined on a case-by-case basis by the Designer, ensuring that it meets the needs
of the application at hand and provides for future expansion capability.
BETWEEN BUILDING CLUSTER HUBS AND BUILDINGS
Singlemode Fiber:
Multimode Fiber:
Copper:
12-Strands (4 Data, 4
Video, 4 Spare)
24-Strands (4 Data, 2
Access Control, 4 Fire
Alarm, 2 HVAC Control,
2 Power Metering, 10 Spare)
25-Pairs
 CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE
 Hybrid fiber cable is permitted in
Residence Halls only. CWU uses 12
SM/12MM hybrid fiber optic cable for
these applications.
BETWEEN BUILDING CLUSTER HUBS AND THE COMMUNICATIONS CENTER
Singlemode Fiber:
Multimode Fiber:
Copper:
48-Strands
24-Strands
0-Pairs
BETWEEN THE COMPUTER CENTER AND THE COMMUNICATIONS CENTER
Singlemode Fiber:
Multimode Fiber:
Copper:
96-Strands
48-Strands
0-Pairs
TERMINATION
Separate fiber patch panels shall be provided for
multimode and singlemode fiber optic cabling.
Fiber optic media shall be terminated on separate
fiber patch panels depending upon fiber type.
 CONSTRUCTION REFERENCE
 For Residence Halls served by hybrid
fiber: A single patch panel may be used
to terminate both types of fiber in the
hybrid cable – separate fiber patch panels
are not required in this case.
Copper media shall always be terminated on building entrance protectors.
LABELING AND ADMINISTRATION
It is the responsibility of the Designer to ensure that the Construction Documents clearly
define the labeling requirements and that the Contractor properly labels all outside plant
media during construction. Inadequate or incomplete labeling is not acceptable. Refer
to the Master Specification Section 16741 - Outside Plant Communications Circuits for
more information.
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
ENTRANCE FACILITIES
This section defines design considerations for entrance facilities that are of particular
concern to CWU and specific to the outside plant communications distribution system.
The Designer is expected to refer to the TIA/EIA standards and the BICSI CO-OSP and
TDMM for other and more specific design criteria and detail. In addition, the Designer is
expected to reference the CWU Inside Plant Communications Distribution Design Guide
for more detail regarding the design of telecommunications spaces, including entrance
facilities and equipment rooms.
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Following is a list of general items to consider when designing pathway and
communications media into a building entrance facility:






In general, a structural engineer should approve all structural changes or
penetrations into a building.
The entrance facility shall not be more than 50’ from the actual entrance into the
building. In order to comply with NEC requirements, not more than 50’ of an outside
plant cable can be exposed between the entrance conduit stub and the cable
termination point. If more than 50’ is required, the cable7 must be routed in rigid
metallic conduit. Fire-rated tape wrap is not acceptable.
Ducts entering a building shall transition to PVC coated rigid steel conduit a
minimum of 10 feet prior to entering the building.
Ducts shall enter the entrance facility parallel to the backboard to be used. Ducts
shall not enter perpendicular to the backboard surface, which could cause cables to
be bent sharply.
Below grade ducts should extend 4” above finished floor.
Building entrance protectors (primary protectors) should be provided for all OSP
copper cables and should support both primary (overvoltage) and secondary
(overcurrent) protection.
GROUNDING AND BONDING
CWU has standardized on considering all locations “exposed” for grounding, bonding,
and electrical protection purposes.
The ground terminal for building entrance protectors should be bonded directly to the
electrical power ground.
7
Some types of fiber media are now “indoor/outdoor” rated and are therefore not subject to this requirement.
© 2016 Conley Engineering, Inc.
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APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 — CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
Construction drawings should be thoroughly and accurately marked. Listed below are
items that should be included on construction drawings, dependent upon the type of
project8:












8
Routing of the pathway system, including ductbanks and UCV’s.
Physical locations of obstructions, including UCVs, ductbanks, buildings, roads, poles,
existing underground utilities.
Duct configurations indicating duct sizes and types between UCVs and between
UCVs and buildings.
Duct contents indicating cable assignments.
UCV and building cable racking diagrams (elevations) indicating the positions of all
existing and new cables and splice enclosures.
Backboard/entrance facility elevations within buildings.
Pair sizes, gauges, and types of copper cables.
Strand counts and types of optical fibers.
Drain slope requirements
Labeling
Phasing (if required)
Staging
Much of the following list was excerpted from RUS Bulletin 1751F-644 Underground Plant Construction
© 2016 Conley Engineering, Inc.
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX 2 — BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES
AMP, Planning & Installation Guide
BICSI, Customer-Owned Outside Plant Design Manual
BICSI, Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual
CWU, Telecommunications Pathway Outside Plant Master Plan
CWU, Outside Plant Communications Distribution System Master Specification
CWU, Premises Communications Distribution System Master Specification
CWU, Premises Communications Distribution Design Guide
IEEE, National Electrical Safety Code (NESC), 1997 Edition
NEC, National Electrical Code (NEC), 1999 Edition
OSHA, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 1910 - General Industry, and 1926 Construction Industry, et al
RUS, Bulletin 1751F-643 Underground Plant Design, 1998
RUS, Bulletin 1751-644 Underground Plant Construction, 1998
RUS, Bulletin 1751-815 Electrical Protection of Outside Plant, 1998
Siecor, Siecor Standard Recommended Procedures for Installation, 1998
TIA/EIA – 758, Customer-Owned Outside Plant Telecommunications Cabling Standard
TIA/EIA – 568A, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard
TIA/EIA – 569A, Commercial Building Standards for Telecommunications Pathways and
Spaces
TIA/EIA – 606, Administration Standards for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of
Commercial Buildings
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APPENDICES
TIA/EIA – 607, Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for
Telecommunications
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