Chapter 13: Spread of Civilizations in East Asia
Section1: Two Golden Ages of China
1. Define the following terms…
Tributary State
Remain independent but acknowledge Chinese supremacy + send regular
tribute to Tang emperor
Pagoda
Multistoried temple w/caves that curved up at the corners
2. How did the Tang and Song dynasties benefit from China?
Prosperous economy, culturally (art, architecture) heaven + earth
3. Describe the Chinese social hierarchy. Why did merchants have such low status?
Gentry-wealthy landowners/scholars
Peasants-worked the land
Merchants-lower status because their wealth came from others
4. What ideas and traditions shaped Chinese art? Describe the themes of Chinese
poets.
Buddhist, Daoist themes, social issues, shortness of life, immensity of the
universe
Section 2: The Mongol and Ming Empires
1. Identify the following people…
Kublai Khan
Toppled last song emperor 1279
Ruled all of China, Tibet, Korea, Vietnam
Tried to keep Mongol heritage
Marco Polo
Haleau visitor-spent 17 years w/Khan mail systems
2. Why were the Mongols so successful?
Fierce warriors, tolerant leaders + just, political stability + growth
3. How did the Mongol conquests affect cultural diffusion?
Windmills, gunpowder, silk, porcelain, papermaking, trees + crops from ME
to E. Asia
4. How did the Ming emperors try to restore Chinese culture?
1368-brilliant, reassert Chinese greatness, restored civil service exam, board
of censors watched over the bureaucracy/rice crops/rebuilt canals
Section 3: Korea and its Traditions
1. How did location influence the development of Korean civilization?
Yaw R. sep. China
Peninsula that juts S. from Asian mainland
Steep hills mts. W/costal plains-harbors, seafood
Linking China + Japan/Koreans adopted + transf. trad. before passing
2. Give two examples of how Koreans adapted or modified Chinese ideas.
Emphasis on family or foundations of the state- women’s roles became
restricted, civil service exam (only aristocrats)
Buddhism-celedon porcelain
Section 4: An Island Empire Emerges
1. Identify the following…
Ring of Fire
Philippines, Indonesia, Aus + S. Asia
Earthquakes, tsunami, volcanoes
Yamato Clan
Japanese society
Shinto
Japanese Religion-Kami
2. Describe how geography has influenced the development of Japanese civilization.
China-Korea-Japan-fishing-strong respect for nature
3. What aspects of Japanese life were influenced by China? How did Japan remain
unique?
Prince Shotoku sent Japanese nobles to study in China (gov’t , art “Hiarchy
emperor”, capital set up in Chinese factories, music, pagollas(no civil service
exam!)-familial rank)
4. How did women influence culture at the Hein court?
“The Pillow Book” Sei Shonogun wrote epithets of court manners
Section 5: Japan’s Feudal Age
1. Define the following terms…
Shogun
Military leader
Daimyo
Warrior lords
Samurai
“those who serve” – lesser lords
Bushido
Code of ethics/like chivalry in medieval Europe
Kabuki
Drama (Okuni)-women banned form acting
Haiku
Mini poem 3 lines 17 syllables
2. Who held the most power in feudal Japan?
Shogun – supreme military commander
3. What values did bushido emphasize?
Honor, bravery, absolute loyalty to one’s lord, no fear of death
4. Describe three results of the development of the Tokugowa Shogunate.