2014-2015 Chemistry 1H: Chapter 5: The Periodic Table
Periodic Law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic
number, their properties show a repeating pattern.
Organization of the Modern periodic table:
Rows= periods
Columns= groups, families
Refresh your knowledge of the following:
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Group/Family names
Period numbers
Metals/Nonmetals/Metalloids
Representative Elements
Transition Elements
Inner Transition Elements
Lanthanides
Actinides
Elements within a group have several things in common:
1. Have similar electron configurations.
2. Have the same number of valence electrons
3. Form ions with the same charges.
4. Have similar chemical reactivity.
Valence Electrons:
The electrons which are able to be lost, gained, or shared in
chemical bonding. The s and p electrons in the outermost
energy level.
Core Electrons:
All electrons in filled sublevels. (Everything else)
[Ar]4s1
4s1 is valence
Electrons in here are core (1s22s22p63s23p6)
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Properties of the Representative Elements
S block
Group IA Family Name
Alkali Metal Family
1. [ ]ns1
2. 1 valence e3. Lose 1 electron; +1
4. These are the most active metals on the periodic table. They are never
found as the pure element in nature. Highly reactive in air and water.
Group II A Family Name Alkaline Earth Metal Family.
1. [ ]ns2
2. 2 valence e3. Lose 2 electrons; +2
4. These are also active metals, but less active than group IA. They are also
never found as the pure element in nature. Reactive in air and water.
P block
Group IIIA Family Name Aluminum Family.
1. [ ]ns2 np1
2. 3 valence e3. Lose 3 electrons; +3
4. Not as reactive as groups IA and IIA. Metals are stronger than IA and IIA.
This group has a metalloid in it.
Group IVA Family Name: Carbon Family
1. [ ]ns2 np2
2. 4 valence e-
2
3. Lose or gain 4 electrons; +4 or -4
4. Wide variation in this family. Some metals, metalloids, amd a nonmetal.
Elements tend to share electrons rather than gain or lose them.
Group VA Family Name_ Nitrogen Family
1. [ ]ns2 np3
2. 5 valence e3. gain 3 electrons; -3
4. Wide variation in this family. Nitrogen is the most common element in this
family. Air is 78% Nitrogen.
Group VIA Family Name: Chalkogens
1. [ ]ns2 np4
2. 6 valence e3. gain 2 electrons; -2
4. Form chalk-like compounds with metals. (oxides and sulfides)
Group VIIA Family Name: Halogens
1. [ ]ns2 np5
2. 7 valence e3. Gain 1 electrons; -1
4. The most reactive NON metals on the periodic table. Form Salts with
metals. (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 etc.)
Group VIIIA Family Name: Noble Gases
1. [ ]ns2 np6
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2. 8 valence e3. Don’t form ions since they have a filled p sublevel.
4. Nonreactive, since they have p6 configuration.
Rule of Octet: Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons, to acquire a full set of
valence electrons.
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