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Breeds
For generations horse breeders have selected and bred for desirable traits, a breed of horses developed.
Define a Breed:
World wide, about ____________________ breeds of horses exist.
Many breeds of horses started with a ______________________________, and for those breeds all registered foals must be able to trace their ancestry back to these stallions.
Name the three foundation stallions which make up the thoroughbred.
1.
2.
3.
________________________________ is the foundation sire for the Morgan breed.
Allen F-1, a Morgan stallion was the foundation sire for the ____________________
_________________________
Morgan stallions also contributed to the development of the ___________________,
______________________________, American albino, and Palomino breeds.
Certain breeds were developed with ________________________ requirements. For some, the only registry requirement is color.
__________________________ was the first color breed.
List five other color breeds of horses.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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Classification
Horses are also classified according to size, weight, build and use.
The common measurement for horses is the _______________. A hand is equal to
_________________________.
The height of the horse is measured from the top of the _____________________ to the
_______________________.
A horse that is _______ hands is ________ inches or _____ feet at the withers.
Light Horses
Light horses are __________ to _________ hands high and weigh _________ to
__________ pounds.
They are used for riding, driving, showing, racing, or farm and ranch work.
Light horses are more agile and can travel at greater speed than draft horses.
Draft Horses
Draft horses are ________ to __________ hands high and weigh ____________ pounds or more.
They are used for heavy work and for pulling loads.
Ponies
Ponies stand under ___________ hands and weigh ___________ to ________ pounds.
Ponies are generally draft, heavy harness, or saddle type.
Horses are also classified based on their ________________ of breeding and
____________________________.
The three classifications are…
1.
2.
3.
Cold Bloods
In the _______________________ regions of the world, the climate produced lush pastures. The horses that lived there became ________________, _____________ and
______________ moving. To help them survive the freezing weather conditions in winter, nature equipped these horses with ______________________, a

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___________________ and a layer of fat underneath it.
Most of the work and heavy draught horses of today fall into the category of cold-bloods.
Cold blood horses generally have a very __________________ temperament.
Hot Bloods
Hot-bloods developed quite differently from their northern relatives. In the
______________________, where they lived, the climate was less extreme. As a consequence, the southern horse, had _________________________ to keep them cool and comfortable in the hottest of weather.
Food was in short supply, so the horses learned to survive from poor grazing. This also made them ________________________. There were often few places for them to hide in times of trouble, so they became _______________ to escape their predators.
Hot bloods are _______________________________, ______________ and agile, and ________________________________________.
Most horses with _____________________________ breeding fit this classification.
_________________________________ are another example.
Warm Bloods
The warmbloods are a combination of _____________ and ___________ blooded breeds.
Warm bloods are also __________________________ horses used for riding. They may not have the _________________________________ and may have a little more
________________ than the hot bloods.
List five of the seven most common warmbloods:
1. 4.
2. 5.
3.
Types and Uses
Riding horses are generally thought of as the ______________________ horses,
_______________________ horses, and horses used for equine ________________.

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_______________________ horses are horses that are used for heavy harness and fine harness horses and ponies.
All purpose horses are used for family enjoyment, showing and ranch work.
Miniature horses are used for ________________________ and as ____________.
Registered miniature horses are no more than ______ inches at the withers.
Donkeys
Breeds registered by the American Donkey and Mule Society include the following:
The ____________________________ or American Standard Jack
The Large Standard or ________________________ Donkey
The Standard Donkey or ______________________
The Miniature ____________________________ Donkey
The American ________________________________
Mammoth Donkeys
Mammoth donkeys are a blend of several breeds imported to the U.S. in the 1800’s from
____________________.
They are the largest of the asses, with the jacks being ___________ inches or more high.
The foundation sire was a jack named __________________________, whose name was given to the breed.
Donkeys
The ____________________ donkeys stand between ______ and ______inches tall.
_____________ or the standard donkey stands between _____ and _____ inches tall.
The miniature ____________________________________, imported from Sicily and
Sardinia must stand under ______ inches to qualify for registry.
Height restriction is the only requirement for registration by the American Donkey and
Mule Society.
Miniature donkeys are not only used as pets they are also used as
_______________________ to foals at weaning time to reduce foal stress.

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Miniature donkeys are also used to ________________________ nervous horses, and they are placed in stalls with horses who are recovering from ______________________
They do not take up much room or eat much, and they have a great calming effect on horses.
One characteristic unique to donkeys is the _______________________ found on all donkeys.
It consists of a _________________________ stripe from the main to the tail and a
___________________ stripe between the withers.
Both donkeys and mules lack the horses calluses or _________________________ on the __________________________.
Mules
What do you call a male donkey? ____________________
What do you call a female donkey? _______________________
A mule is a cross between a ______________________________ and a
__________________________________.
A __________________________________ is a cross between a
______________________________________ (a jenny) and a
__________________________________ (a stallion)
A hinny is similar to a mule but is __________________________ and more horse like with _______________________________ and a longer head.
A mule has a ______________________________________ than a horse,
____________________ and the _________________________ voice of the donkey.
The most noticeable points are its long ears, short thin mane, which may
______________________ like a donkey's or be a little longer and flop over. The withers are ___________ or non-existent, the back flat, the body flat-sided with weaker quarters than the horse, and also narrower and less deep-shouldered. The legs are, like the donkey's, _____________________, with small, ____________, _________________, upright, ___________________________ hooves. The head is a little narrower than the donkey's, but otherwise very similar.

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Hinnies are more difficult to get then mules.
While mules may display normal sex drive they are ___________________ % sterile.
The reason they are sterile is because of an imbalance in the chromosome make up of a mule.
Donkeys have ___________ chromosomes
Horses have ___________ chromosomes
When a horse mates with a donkey the stallion contributes ½ of his chromosomes
(_____) and the jenny contributes ½ of her chromosomes (________).
Combined they produce a mule that has ____________ chromosomes, an odd number which makes the offspring sterile.
Mules are classified as …
1. 4.
2. 5.
3. 6.
The type of mule produced depends on the breed of horse and donkey used to produce the mule.
A male mule is called a _____________________________
A female mule is called a ___________________________
Mules having hybrid vigor can grow ____________________ than both parents.
Weight for weight they are ____________________________ than horses, and are much
__________________________________, although _____________________ slightly later. They rarely become ill or lame, have ___________________________ and can often go without shoes where horses could not. Mules can withstand extremes of ________________________________, can live on frugal rations, have tremendous stamina and are exceptionally _______________________________.
Mules have a reputation for being obstinate and bad-tempered, but as with donkeys, the mule's legendary stubbornness is in fact a manifestation of its talent for
_____________________________.

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If a mule takes care of itself, then it follows that it is also taking great care of its cargo, human or otherwise. It is easy to understand why mules are chosen rather than horses to take tourists down the Grand Canyon.
The reputation for bad temper is due to the mule's _________________________ nature.
Until it has learned to trust a person, the animal is worried that the person may do it harm, and will take defensive action by kicking them, should it feel the occasion merits it.
Mules are splendid kickers. They kick ______________ and
_______________________________ and rarely miss.
A mule’s temperament suggests that you cannot force him to do anything, but must persuade him, or organize his work so that he is only asked to do those things which he will want to do. Failure to appreciate this has led to many a battle between man and mule, and to the mule's bad reputation.