preAP/GT S12
Ch. 19 Bacteria and Viruses Review
Name ___KEY_____________
Period______________
1. Why is it important to sterilize the Petri dishes and agar before growing bacteria? prevent contamination
2. Which of the following is the smallest in size? Circle one: bacterium animal cell virus
3. What is the difference between passive and active immunity? Active = “earned immunity”, had disease or
vaccine, build up own antibodies; Passive = “borrowed immunity”, get antibodies from someone else
4. Draw and name the 3 shapes of bacteria.
Coccus
Bacillus
Spirillum
5. How can HIV be spread? Body fluids – sexual transmission, contact with blood or other fluids How can you
avoid HIV? Avoid contact
6. What does an antibiotic do? Kill bacteria
7. Where can bacteria be found? everywhere
8. List examples of uses for helpful bacteria. nitrogen fixers (in plants), decomposers, break down waste,
produce Vitamin K in intestines
9. What does a vaccine do? Makes your body produce antibodies against a specific disease-causing agent so
that you build a “memory” to it and can fight the disease if you’re ever exposed
10. Which kingdom(s) contain prokaryotes? Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
11. What are the bacterial kingdoms? Same as above
12. What are the two ways in which bacteria cause disease? Destroying cells, producing toxins
13. List the major groups of pathogens to humans. Bacterial, viral, fungal, animal (worm parasites)
14. What is a virus? Non-living; only contains nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and protein coat (capsid); obligate
parasite
15. What is a viroid? Only contains nucleic acid; infects plants What is a prion? Only contains protein; infects
animals
16. List and describe the various methods of reproduction in bacteria. binary fission – asexual splitting;
conjugation – sharing of nucleic acid with other bacteria; similar to “sexual” reproduction
17. Why are viruses not considered to be truly “living” organisms? Don’t have all characteristics of life – such
as: use of energy
18. Overuse of antibiotics has caused bacteria to become resistant to our best arsenal of antibiotics. This is
due to natural selection of the bacteria in which only those with the resistant genes survive.
Matching.
19. d
19. dormant cycle of viral infection
a. prokaryote
20. a
20. organism without a nucleus
b. antibiotics
21. g
21. organism with a nucleus
c. HIV
22. f
22. destructive cycle of viral infection
d. Lysogenic
23. b
23. kills bacteria
e. capsid
24. j
24. causes infectious diseases
f. Lytic
25. i
25. instrument used to see bacteria
g. eukaryote
26. h
26. instrument used to see viruses
27. e
h. electron microscope
28.
c
27. protein coat of a virus
i. compound/light microscope
29. k
28. virus that causes AIDS
j. pathogen
30.
n
29. virus that attacks bacteria
k. bacteriophage
31. l
30. visible group of bacteria
l. agar
32. m
31. growth medium for bacteria
m. virus
32. all are obligate parasites
n. colony
Matching. Which type of pathogen causes the following
33. smallpox
a. virus
34. tooth decay
b. bacteria
35. HIV/AIDS
c. prion
36. tuberculosis
37. Lyme disease
38. herpes
39. flu
40. diphtheria
41. Mad Cow Disease
42. strep throat
*Study chapter 19 review on pages 493-494.
diseases?
33. a
34. b
35. a
36. b
37. b
38. a
39. a
40. b
41. c
42. b
43. What is the germ theory of disease? Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms that can be
identified and produce a similar set of symptoms in any infected individual
44. List the five agents of disease. Fungus, bacteria, virus, animal (such as parasitic worms)
45. How are diseases spread? Contact, fluids, inhalation
46. How are bacterial infections treated? Antibiotics Prevented? Avoid contact, sanitation/ other health
prevention strategies, some have vaccines
47. How are viral infections treated? Usually just the job of the immune system; some antivirals Prevented?
Many have vaccines – otherwise, avoid contact
preAP/GT S12
48. Differentiate between specific and non-specific defense. Non-specific – keep everything out!; specific –
targets specific antigens on specific pathogens (ex. measles antibodies can only measles, not chicken pox)
49. Differentiate between first line, second line and third line of defense. First – skin, mucus, antimicrobial
proteins, sweat, tears, etc – keep all out; Second – WBC’s, inflammatory response; Third – Humoral (B-cells,
antibodies) & Cell-mediated defense (T-cells)
50. What is interferon? Substance body produces that interferes with viral reproduction
51. Differentiate between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. See #49
52. What is active immunity and how is it different from passive immunity? See #3
53. An overreaction of the immune system to an antigen is referred to as allergy.
54. What is the function of histamines? Increase inflammation in response to injury – swelling, dilation of blood
vessels – brings in more WBC’s, increase heat
55. What is an autoimmune disease? List a few examples. Body immune system destroys itself (arthritis, Lupus)
56. How does the environment affect your immune system? Some factors can stress immune system and
therefore not allow you to fight off diseases as easily; some environmental factors can cause disease (ex.
cancer)
57. List four behaviors important in maintaining health. Healthy diet, abstination from unhealthy activities,
regular check-ups (Hygiene, vaccinations), exercise
*Study chapter 40 review on pages 1057-1058
__B_ 58.The first time your body encounters a foreign organism, your immune system fights
the organism by using __?_; also called the body’s first line of defense.
A. specific immunity
B. non-specific immunity
C. antihistamines
D. T-cells
__A___ 59. White blood cells that recognize and destroy specific foreign organisms are called
A. B- cells
B. histamines
C. macrophages
D. lysosomes
__B___ 60. Which is NOT part of your body’s first line of defense against disease?
A. macrophages
B. T-cells
C. stomach acid
D. mucous membranes
__B___ 61. Which is NOT true about specific immunity?
A. The body had already been exposed to the antigen.
B. Macrophages ingest the antigen.
C. T-cells attach to the antigen.
D. Suppressor B-cells stop the attack on the antigen.
__D___ 62. Which is NOT true about T-cells?
A. They mature in the thymus.
B. They form in the bone marrow.
C. They are deficient in people with HIV.
D. They ingest disease-causing organisms, using pseudopods.
True or False: On the lines provided write T for true statements and F for any false statements.
__F___ 63. Phagocytosis occurs when mast cells eat antigens.
__T___ 64. Some lymphocytes destroy antigens the first time the two meet.
__F___ 65. Most antigens break the immune system’s first line of defense and are destroyed by
lymphocytes.
__T___ 66. Vaccines introduce antigens into the body; as a result, the immune system learns to
recognize and destroy the antigen the next time it enters the body.
Matching: Write the letter of the term that matches the description on the lines provided.
A. allergen
B. histamine
C. phagocyte
D. specific immunity
E. vaccination
__C___ 67. Cell that ingest antigens. (pathogens)
__D___ 68. Cell Mediated response to specific antigens that occurs after first exposure to the
disease organism.
__B___ 69. A chemical released by mast cells that causes swelling, increased mucus and allergy
symptoms.
__E___ 70. The introduction of dead or weakened antigens into the body that results in lasting
immunity.
preAP/GT S12
Label the parts of the bacteriophage below.
71. capsid (protein coat)
72. tail sheath
73. DNA/nucleic acid
74. tail fibers
Label the bacterium below.
A. cell wall
B. cell membrane
C. flagellum
D. DNA
E. pili
71
.
72
73
74