I NT ER NAT I ONAL COMPAR I SON PROGR AM
I N T E R N AT I O N A L
C O M PA R I S O N O F C O S T F O R
THE CONSTRUCTION SEC TOR
IDENTIFICATION OF CO NSTRUCTION
SYSTEMS AND COMPONEN TS FOR THE
BOCC APPROACH
Report Submitted to:
The World Bank Group
February 2005
Prepared by:
Kenneth Walsh, Ph.D., P.E. & Anil Sawhney,
Ph.D.
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Opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and not necessarily of the World Bank.
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF COST FOR THE
CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEFINE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS .................................................................................................... 1
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS FOR RESIDENTIAL SUB-SECTOR ......................................................................... 3
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL SUB-SECTOR ................................................................ 4
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS FOR THE CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS SUB-SECTOR .......................................... 5
DEFINE CONSTRUCTION COMPONENTS .........................................................................................14
DEFINE SYSTEM WEIGHTS ..................................................................................................................18
BOCC WEIGHTS ........................................................................................................................................18
PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING W2 ..........................................................................................................18
EXAMPLE APPLICATION OF PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING SYSTEM WEIGHTS .......................................20
IMPLICATIONS: ...........................................................................................................................................23
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF COST FOR THE
CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Three Sub-sectors for the Construction Sector .............. 1
Figure 2: System to Components Association for Residential and Non-Residential Baskets
15
Figure 3: System to Components Association for Residential and Non-Residential Baskets
16
Figure 4: System to Components Association for Residential and Non-Residential Baskets
16
Figure 5: System to Components Association for Civil Engineering Basket 17
Figure 6: System to Components Association for Civil Engineering Basket 17
Figure 7: BOCC Weights ...................................................................18
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF COST FOR THE
CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Description of Residential Buildings Sub-sector ............. 1
Table 2: Description of the Non-Residential Buildings Sub-Sector
2
Table 3: Description of the Civil Engineering Works Sub-Sector2
Table 4: Construction Systems for the Residential Sub-sector ..... 3
Table 5: Construction Systems for the Non-Residential Sub-sector
4
Table 6: Projects under Water and Sewer Line Construction ....... 6
Table 7: Projects under Oil and Gas Pipeline Construction ......... 7
Table 8: Projects under Power and Communication Line Construction
8
Table 9: Projects under Land Subdivision Construction ............... 9
Table 10: Projects under Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction
10
Table 11: Projects under Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction 11
Table 12: Construction Systems for the Civil Engineering Works Sub-sector
13
Table 13: Construction Components for the BOCC approach .14
Table 14: Sample BOQ illustrating Item Classification ...............19
Table 15: Summary Results for Nigeria and Pakistan ..................20
Table 16: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Bungalow: Year 1985)
................................................................................................................21
Table 17: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Terrace Dwellings: Year
1985) ......................................................................................................21
Table 18: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Shed System: Year 1985)
................................................................................................................21
Table 19: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Bridge System: Year:
1985) ......................................................................................................21
Table 20: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Primary School: Year
1985) ......................................................................................................21
Table 21: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Hospital System: Year
1985) ......................................................................................................21
Table 22: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Office Building System:
Year 1985) ............................................................................................22
Table 23: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Farm Track System: Year
1985) ......................................................................................................22
Table 24: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Metallic Road: Year 1985)
................................................................................................................22
Table 25: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Laterite Track System:
Year 1985) ............................................................................................22
Table 26: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Bungalow: Year 1985)
................................................................................................................22
Table 27: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Primary School: Year
1985) ......................................................................................................22
Table 28: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Metallic Road: Year
1985) ......................................................................................................23
Table 29: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Bridge System: Year
1985) ......................................................................................................23
Table 30: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Concrete Road System:
Year 1985) ............................................................................................23
Table 31: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: India; Project Type: Bungalow: Year 2005) 23
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF COST
FOR THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
D E FI N E C ON ST R UC T IO N S Y ST E M S
Construction sector is broken down into three sub-sectors in the ICP comparison framework. Figure 1
shows these three sub-sectors.
4.2 Construction
4.2.1 Residential
Buildings
4.2.1.03.1
One-family and multi-family
dwellings, detached, semidetached and terraced
houses
4.2.2 Non-Residential
Buildings
4.2.3 Civil Engineering
Works
4.2.2.05.1
All non-residential farm
buildings; all industrial
buildings; office buildings;
buildings for health,
educational, cultural and
religious purposes
4.2.3.04.1
Roads, streets, and
highways; railroads; harbors;
airports; canals and
waterways; pipelines for gas,
water and sewer systems;
telephone and telegraphs
systems; electricity
transmission infrastructure;
oil wells, gas wells, mine
shafts, dams, dikes etc.
ICP Expenditure Classification at Detailed Heading Level from the Handbook of the
International Comparison Programme, United Nations, New York 1992
Figure 1: Three Sub-sectors for the Construction Sector
Each of these sub-sectors is further defined in terms of the construction projects that they represent in the Handbo ok of
the Handbook of International Comparison Program. Table 1,
Table 2, and Table 3 provide a detailed description of these sub-sectors. These definitions are replicated
from the handbook. Using these descriptions the authors defined the construction systems under each of the
three sub-sectors and the construction components that can be defined to appropriately represent the various
construction systems within each sub-sector.
Table 1: Description of Residential Buildings Sub-sector
4.2.1 RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
4.2.1.03.1 Residential buildings One-family and multifamily dwellings, detached, semi-detached and terraced
houses; includes farmhouses; apartment houses with three
or more dwelling units; including dormitories.
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 1 of 23)
Table 2: Description of the Non-Residential Buildings Sub-Sector
4.2.2 NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
4.2.2.05.1 Non-residential buildings All non-residential
farm buildings, such as stables, barns, granaries, grain bins,
tower silos, machine sheds. All buildings used to house
production, assembly and warehousing activities of
industrial establishments such as factories, plants, and
workshops; includes special buildings for utility industries
such as power, communication and transportation. Office
buildings and all buildings used primarily in wholesale, retail
and service trades; includes banks, hotels, motels,
restaurants, shops, stores, warehouses, public garages etc.
Office buildings of central and local administration, office
buildings of private non-profit institutions, buildings for
health, educational, cultural and religious purposes; includes
hospitals, medical clinics, infirmaries, nursing homes,
sanatoriums, day nurseries, schools, colleges, universities,
laboratories, libraries, museums, art galleries, auditoriums,
community centers, churches, swimming pools,
gymnasiums, stadiums, cinemas, theatres etc.
Table 3: Description of the Civil Engineering Works Sub-Sector
4.2.3 CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
4.2.3.04.1 Civil engineering works Roads, streets and
highways, including road bridges, viaducts, tunnels and
parking lots. Railroads, railway stations, bridges, viaducts,
subways and tunnels other than for roads; harbors, piers
and other harbor facilities; airports and other airport
facilities; canals and waterways; pipelines for gas, water and
sewer systems; telephone and telegraph lines; electricity
transmission lines etc. Oil wells, gas wells, mine shafts;
dams and dikes that are not part of flood control or
irrigation projects; aqueducts, drainage and sanitation
projects; athletic fields etc.
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 2 of 23)
C ONSTRUCTION S YSTEMS FOR R ESIDENTIAL S UB - SECTOR
Table 4: Construction Systems for the Residential Sub-sector
System Name
System Explanation
Site-work
Construction components related to site preparation
of a residential construction project
Substructure
Structural components and related work items below
the ground surface that are part of a residential
construction project. These components are loadbearing and transfer all the loads from the
superstructure to the ground below
Superstructure
Structural components and related work items above
the ground surface that are part of a residential
construction project. These components are loadbearing and provide resistance to live and dead load
on the building
Exterior Shell/Building Envelope
Construction components that form the exterior shell
of a residential construction project. They are nonload-bearing members that rest upon the
superstructure of the building
Interior Partitions
All interior walls and opening in the building
Interior and Exterior Finishes
All construction components in place for the purpose
of satisfying a cosmetic function, including for
example paint or plaster.
Mechanical and Plumbing
All construction components related to providing
climate control or water services such as heating and
cooling systems, hot and cold water systems, fire
fighting systems etc.
Electrical
All construction components related to distribution of
alternating current and direct current including
electrical fixtures for a residential construction project
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 3 of 23)
C ONSTRUCTION S YSTEMS FOR N ON -R ESIDENTIAL S UB - SECTOR
Table 5: Construction Systems for the Non-Residential Sub-sector
System Name
System Explanation
Site-work
Construction components related to site preparation
of a non-residential construction project
Substructure
Structural components and related work items below
the ground surface that are part of a non-residential
construction project. These components are lobearing and transfer all the loads from the
superstructure to the ground below
Superstructure
Structural components and related work items above
the ground surface that are part of a non-residential
construction project. These components are loadbearing and provide resistance of all types of live and
dead load on the building
Exterior Shell/Building Envelope
Construction components that form the exterior shell
of a residential construction project. They are nonload-bearing members that rest upon the
superstructure of the building
Interior Partitions
All interior walls and opening in the building
Interior and Exterior Finishes
All construction components in place for the purpose
of satisfying a cosmetic function, including for
example paint or plaster
Mechanical and Plumbing
All construction components related to providing
climate control or water services such as heating and
cooling systems, hot and cold water systems, fire
fighting systems etc.
Electrical
All construction components related to distribution of
alternating current and direct current including
electrical fixtures for a non-residential construction
project
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 4 of 23)
C ONSTRUCTION S YSTEMS FOR THE C IVIL E NGINEERING W ORKS S UB - SECTOR
The civil engineering sector is somewhat less easily categorized than either of the building sectors, and
requires additional work to deploy a system configuration and definition. The reason this sector is somewhat
more difficult is that projects within this sector are extremely variable in both form and function, and thus
there is less continuity of components. The subheading definitions within the civil engineering sector
presented in the ICP manual do not seem to lend themselves readily to subdivision. This means that the
implementation tasks for this sector require first a systematic approach to the identification of systems and
then identification and classification of components. The complexity of this sub-sector is demonstrated well
by the industry classification used by many statistical entities world wide. For example the North American
Industry Classification System (NAICS) used by the US, Canada and Mexico provides a detailed breakdown
of heavy and civil engineering construction. Similarly the United Nations International Standard Industrial
Classification (ISIC) also provides some similar insights to the breakdown used for the civil engineering
works sub-sector. The NAICS code breaks down the civil engineering works into the following project
groups (more detail is provided in the following tables):
2371 Utility System Construction
23711 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction
23712 Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction
23713 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction
2372 Land Subdivision
2373 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction
2379 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction
It should be clear from studying
Table 6, Table 7, Table 8, Table 9, Table 10, and Table 11 that the civil engineering works sub-sector is a
complex and challenging issue for any proposed method, because it includes such a wide array of possible
projects. This sector can range from a small drainage enhancement project, with a value equivalent to a few
thousand Euros to an enormous dam or airport with value of several billion Euros. Finding common building
blocks for both of these and any other such projects can be achieved by focusing upon simple and basic work
categories or components. Of course, this problem will arise for any system of measurement, but for this
sector some common elements may still be identifiable. Earthwork and site preparation is nearly always a part
of civil engineering works, as is concrete placement, so these will enable capturing of significant components
with significant cost contributions. The tables described above and similar classifications used in the
international arena have been used by the authors to assemble a list of construction components for the civil
engineering works sub-sector. These construction systems are listed in
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 5 of 23)
Table 6: Projects under Water and Sewer Line Construction
2002 NAICS
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
237110
Corresponding Index Entries
Aqueduct construction
Artesian well construction
Capping of water wells
Construction management, water and sewage treatment plant
Construction management, water and sewer line
Distribution line, sewer and water, construction
Drilling water wells (except water intake wells in oil and gas fields)
Fire hydrant installation
Geothermal drilling
Irrigation system construction
Lagoon, sewage treatment construction
Pumping station, water and sewage system, construction
Reservoir construction
Sanitary sewer construction
Sewage collection and disposal line construction
Sewage disposal plant construction
Sewage treatment plant construction
Sewer construction
Sewer main, pipe and connection, construction
Storm sewer construction
Utility line (i.e., sewer, water), construction
Water desalination plant construction
Water filtration plant construction
Water main and line construction
Water pumping or lift station construction
Water system storage tank and tower construction
Water treatment plant construction
Water well drilling, digging, boring or sinking (except water intake wells in
oil
Water well pump and well piping system installation
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 6 of 23)
Table 7: Projects under Oil and Gas Pipeline Construction
2002 NAICS
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
237120
Corresponding Index Entries
Compressor, metering and pumping station, gas and oil pipeline,
construction
Construction management, oil and gas pipeline
Construction management, oil refinery and petrochemical complex
Corrosion protection, underground pipeline and oil storage tank
Distribution line, gas and oil, construction
Gas main construction
Gathering line, gas and oil field, construction
Natural gas pipeline construction
Natural gas processing plant construction
Oil and gas field distribution line construction
Oil pipeline construction
Oil refinery construction
Petrochemical plant construction
Petroleum refinery construction
Pipe lining (except thermal insulating) contractors
Pipeline construction on oil and gas field gathering lines to point of
distribution
Pipeline rehabilitation contractors
Pipeline wrapping contractors
Pipeline, gas and oil, construction
Pumping station, gas and oil transmission, construction
Refinery, petroleum, construction
Service line, gas and oil, construction
Storage tank, natural gas or oil, tank farm or field, construction
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 7 of 23)
Table 8: Projects under Power and Communication Line Construction
2002 NAICS
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
237130
Corresponding Index Entries
Alternative energy (e.g., geothermal, ocean wave, solar, wind) structure
construc
Cable laying (e.g., cable television, electricity, marine, telephone),
including
Cellular phone tower construction
Co-generation plant construction
Communication antenna construction
Communication tower construction
Construction management, power and communication transmission line
Electric light and power plant (except hydroelectric) construction
Electric power transmission line and tower construction
Electricity generating plant (except hydroelectric) construction
Fiber optic cable transmission line construction
Microwave relay tower construction
Nuclear power plant construction
Pole line construction
Power line stringing
Power plant (except hydroelectric) construction
Radio transmitting tower construction
Satellite receiving station construction
Solar power structure construction
Substation and switching station, power transmission line, construction
Telephone line construction
Telephone line stringing
Television transmitting tower construction
Thermal power plant construction
Tower, power distribution and communication, construction
Transformer station and substation, electric power, construction
Transmission and distribution line construction
Underground cable (e.g., cable television, electricity, telephone) laying
Utility line (i.e., communication, electric power), construction
Wind power structure construction
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 8 of 23)
Table 9: Projects under Land Subdivision Construction
2002 NAICS
237210
237210
237210
237210
237210
237210
237210
237210
Corresponding Index Entries
Building lot subdividing
Land (except cemeteries) sub-dividers
Land acquisition, assembling and subdividing
Land subdividing and utility installation (e.g., electric, sewer and water)
Real estate (except cemeteries) sub-dividers
Real property (except cemeteries) subdivision
Sub-dividers, real estate
Subdividing real estate
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 9 of 23)
Table 10: Projects under Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction
2002 NAICS
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
237310
Corresponding Index Entries
Abutment construction
Airport runway construction
Airport runway line painting (e.g., striping)
Asphalt paving (i.e., highway, road, street, public sidewalk)
Bridge approach construction
Bridge construction
Bridge decking construction
Causeway construction
Concrete paving (i.e., highway, road, street, public sidewalk)
Construction management, highway, road, street and bridge
Culverts, highway, road and street, construction
Curbs and street gutters, highway, road and street, construction
Elevated highway construction
Grading, highway, road, street and airport runway
Guardrail construction
Highway construction
Highway line painting
Logging road construction
Oil field road construction
Overpass construction
Painting lines on highways, streets and bridges
Painting traffic lanes or parking lots
Parking lot marking and line painting
Parkway construction
Pavement, highway, road, street, bridge or airport runway, construction
Pothole filling, highway, road, street or bridge
Repair, highway, road, street, bridge or airport runway
Resurfacing, highway, road, street, bridge or airport runway
Road construction
Runway, airport, line painting (e.g., striping)
Sidewalk, public, construction
Sign erection, highway, roads street or bridge
Street construction
Surfacing, highway, road, street, bridge or airport runway
Tarring roads
Traffic lane painting
Trestle construction
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 10 of 23)
237310
Underpass construction
Table 11: Projects under Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction
2002 NAICS
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
Corresponding Index Entries
Anchored earth retention contractors
Athletic field (except stadium) construction
Avalanche protection, construction
Breakwater construction
Bridle path construction
Bulkhead wall construction
Caisson (i.e., marine or pneumatic structures) construction
Canal construction
Channel construction
Cofferdam construction
Construction management, dam
Construction management, marine structure
Construction management, mass transit
Construction management, outdoor recreation facility
Construction management, tunnel
Cribbing (i.e., shore protection), construction
Dam construction
Dike and other flood control structure construction
Dock construction
Drainage canal and ditch construction
Drainage project construction
Dredging (e.g., canal, channel, ditch, waterway)
Drive-in movie facility construction
Earth retention system construction
Earth-filled dam construction
Electricity generating plant, hydroelectric, construction
Embankment construction
Farm drainage tile installation
Flood control project construction
Floodway canal and ditch construction
Gabion construction
Golf course construction
Harbor construction
Horizontal drilling (e.g., underground cable, pipeline, sewer installation)
Hydroelectric generating facility construction
Ice rink (except indoor) construction
Jetty construction
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 11 of 23)
2002 NAICS
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
237990
Corresponding Index Entries
Land drainage contractors
Levee construction
Light rail system construction
Lock and waterway construction
Marine construction
Micro-tunneling contractors
Missile facility construction
Monorail construction
Nuclear waste disposal site construction
Outdoor recreation facility construction
Park and recreational open space improvement construction
Pier construction
Pile driving, marine
Pipe-jacking contractors
Play ground construction
Port facility construction
Power plant, hydroelectric, construction
Railroad construction
Railway construction (e.g., interlocker, roadbed, signal, track)
Railway roadbed construction
Recreation area, open space, construction
Recreational vehicle park construction
Retaining walls, anchored (e.g., with piles, soil nails, tieback anchors),
construction
Revetment construction
Riprap installation
Rock removal, underwater
Seawall, wave protection, construction
Sediment control system construction
Ski tow construction
Spillway, floodwater, construction
Sports field construction
Streetcar line construction
Subway construction
Tennis courts, outdoor, construction
Timber removal, underwater
Trail construction
Trenching, underwater
Tunnel construction
Wharf construction
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 12 of 23)
Table 12: Construction Systems for the Civil Engineering Works Sub-sector
System Name
System Explanation
Site-work
Construction components related to site preparation
of a civil engineering project including earthwork,
earthmoving, and surface treatments such sidewalks
and pavements
Substructure
Structural components and related work items below
the ground surface that are part of a civil engineering
project. These components are load-bearing and
transfer all the loads from the superstructure to the
ground below
Superstructure
Structural components and related work items above
the ground surface that are part of a civil engineering
project. These components are load-bearing and
provide resistance to live and dead loads
Mechanical Equipment
Equipment installed on civil engineering projects such
as pumps, turbines, boilers, air handling equipment,
cooling towers, vessels etc including all connecting
pipes and valves. Mechanical includes utility systems
(steam, compressed air, and refrigeration), process
systems (rotating pumps, compressors, agitators,
filters, etc.) special vessel design (tanks, pressure
vessels), etc.
Electrical Equipment
Equipment installed on civil engineering projects for
power distribution systems, substations, power
distribution panels, motor control centers, lighting,
communications, etc.
Underground Utility
Any underground line, system or facility used for
producing, storing, conveying, transmitting, or
distributing communication or telecommunication,
electricity, gas, petroleum and petroleum products,
coal slurry, hazardous liquids, water under pressure,
steam, or sanitary sewage. These include wires, ducts,
fiber optic cable, conduits, pipes, sewers, and cables
and their connected appurtenances installed beneath
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 13 of 23)
the surface of the ground
D E FI N E C ON ST R UC T IO N C OM P O N E N T S
Table 13: Construction Components for the BOCC approach
Construction
Component
Aggregate
Aggregate Base
Column Footing
Culvert
Drilled Shaft
Earthwork
Electrical Service Point
Exterior Paint
Exterior Wall Cement
Plaster
Interior Ceiling Plaster
Interior Painting
Interior Wall Ceiling
Plaster
Portland Cement
Reinforcing Steel
Roadway Lane
Round Bridge Pier
Sand
Sand Filter
Structural Column
Round
Structural Column
Square
Round Bridge Pier
Aluminum Frame
Window
Bridge T Beam
Bridge Spread Footing
Residential Basket
Non-Residential
Basket
Civil Engineering
Works Basket
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DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 14 of 23)
Construction
Component
Concrete Airfield
Pavement
Exterior Sidewalk
Masonry Interior Wall
Concrete
Structural Steel
Unskilled Labor
Skilled Labor
Backhoe
Vibratory Plate
Compactor
Centrifugal Pump
Plywood
Residential Basket
Non-Residential
Basket
Civil Engineering
Works Basket
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Figure 2 to Figure 6 provide the details of system to component association for the three baskets under
the BOCC methodology.
Aggregate
Aggregate
Aggregate
Aggregate Base
Aggregate
base
Column Footing
Portland Cement
Portland Cement
Reinforcing Steel
Earthwork
Portland
Cement
Reinforcing Steel
Sand
Sand
Site Work
Substructure
Sand
Exterior
Sidewalk
Superstructure
Concrete
Concrete
Structural Steel
Concrete
Backhoe
Unskilled
Labor
Skilled Labor
Backhoe
Plywood
Unskilled Labor
Skilled Labor
Figure 2: System to Components Association for Residential and Non-Residential Baskets
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 15 of 23)
Plywood
Unskilled Labor
Skilled Labor
Exterior Paint
Exterior Wall
Cement Plaster
Interior Ceiling
Plaster
Portland
Cement
Interior Painting
Portland Cement
Sand
Interior Wall
Ceiling Plaster
Interior and Exterior
finishes
Sand
Masonry
Interior Wall
Portland Cement
Interior
Partitions
Exterior Shell/
Building Envelope
Aluminum Frame
Window
Sand
Unskilled
Labor
Unskilled Labor
Unskilled Labor
Skilled Labor
Skilled Labor
Skilled Labor
Plywood
Plywood
Figure 3: System to Components Association for Residential and Non-Residential Baskets
Electrical Service
Point
Unskilled Labor
Electrical
Mechanical and
Plumbing
Skilled Labor
Unskilled Labor
Skilled Labor
Figure 4: System to Components Association for Residential and Non-Residential Baskets
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 16 of 23)
Aggregate
Aggregate
Aggregate
Aggregate Base
Plywood
Portland Ccement
Aggregate Base
Portland Cement
Reinforcing Steel
Reinforcing Steel
Earthwork
Round Bridge Pier
Roadway Lane
Portland Cement
Sand
Sand
Substructure
Site Work
Bridge Spread
Footings
Superstructure
Sand
Bridge T Beam
Concrete Airfield
Pavement
Concrete Airfield
Pavement
Concrete
Concrete
Concrete
Unskilled Labor
Unskilled Labor
Structural Steel
Skilled Labor
Skilled Llabor
Unskilled Labor
Backhoe
Backhoe
Plywood
Skilled Labor
Figure 5: System to Components Association for Civil Engineering Basket
Culvert
Drilled Shaft
Portland Cement
Sand
Portland Cement
Underground Utility
Sand Filter
Unskilled Labor
Electrical Service Point
Concrete
Mechanical Equipment
Skilled Labor
Unskilled Labor
Electrical Equipment
Unskilled Labor
Vibratory Plate
Compactor
Centrifugal Pump
Skilled Labor
Skilled Labor
Figure 6: System to Components Association for Civil Engineering Basket
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 17 of 23)
Bbackhoe
D E FI N E S Y ST E M W E I GHT S
BOCC W EIGHTS
The BOCC approach uses three types of weights that include:
1. W1—for aggregation of residential, non-residential and civil engineering baskets
2. W2—for aggregation of systems
3. W3—for inclusion of labor productivity and labor/equipment tradeoff
Weights W1 are already available and have been used in the past rounds of ICP. The weights W3 are
designed into BOCC and are not required to be identified explicitly.
W1
Construction
Non-Residential BOCC
System-2
System-1
Component-2
Component-3
Component-4
System-3
Component-5
Component-6
Labor
Equipment
Component-7
Component-8
Component-9
Component- 10
W3
Component-1
Civil BOCC
W2
Residential BOCC
Breakdown not shown due to space limitation
Basket
Material
Figure 7: BOCC Weights
P ROCEDURE FOR C ALCULATING W2
Two broad strategies for calculating W2 can be adopted by a National Statistical Office (NSO).

Strategy 1: Under the first strategy the NSO retains the service of a construction expert to
determine the values of W2. NSO provides the expert with the listing of the systems for the
residential, non-residential, and civil engineering sub-sectors. The expert reviews pricing
information ongoing projects for the three sub-sectors and tabulates the percentage
contributions of the systems. These results in the development of W2 for the given country. The
author’s adopted this approach for calculation of W2 in India. A consultant was retained for
three days and was asked to complete the calculations for W2.

Strategy 2: Under this strategy NSO performs all the W2 calculations in house. This approach is
only advisable where the NSO can request official help from the country’s Ministry of
Construction or Department of Public Works or equivalent. For demonstration purposes
authors performed these calculations for Pakistan and Nigeria. The results of these calculations
are provided below and the detailed information is provided in Appendix A. The procedure for
calculating W2 involves the following steps:
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 18 of 23)
Step 1: Collect priced BOQ’s from past projects for the three baskets. For the residential
basket projects for single-family residences, bungalows, apartment buildings and the like are to
be collected. For the non-residential basket, projects including farm buildings, office buildings,
industrial buildings, buildings for heath, educational, cultural, and religious purposes should be
collected. For the civil engineering basket, projects including roads, highways, airports, water and
sewer systems, telecommunication structures, marine structures, power generation and
transmission infrastructure are to be collected.
The larger the sample, obviously the more representative the overall result will be. However,
at a minimum we recommend at least one project of each type be used within each basket, and
preferably at least 3 or 4. Note that the project data to be collected should consist of priced
BOQ’s from past projects. There is no need to generate new data for this process; rather, the
data collection required consists of the collection of prices for past projects, and so represents a
price collection activity of the kind conducted by NSO quite frequently.
Step 2: Every item in the priced BOQ needs to be classified as belonging to one of the
systems. Ideally, this is best done by someone with expertise in construction or engineering, and
is a very rapid process of mapping each line item in the BOQ to a particular system. It is not
necessary to have an extremely detailed BOQ for this purpose. A “roll-up” BOQ which lists only
the principal divisions and a few major categories within each division is both sufficient and
somewhat easier to work with for this stage. With such a BOQ, the mapping of the line items to
the appropriate systems can be accomplished in a few minutes. Table 14 illustrates this step.
Table 14: Sample BOQ illustrating Item Classification
Unit
Item
System
Item Description
Unit
Quantity Rate
Cost
Identification
3.1 Building concrete 150 kg
cement 5 cm thick
m3
4
100
400
Substructure
3.2 foundations reinforced
concrete for strip and
independent footings 350 kg
cement
m3
19
140
2660 Superstructure
3.3 Rough formwork for
item 3.2
m2
97
12
1164 Superstructure
3.4 Reinforced concrete for
anchorages lintels parapet
and upright
m3
41
140
5740 Superstructure
3.5 Rough formwork for
item 3.4
m2
574
12
6888 Superstructure
3.6 Reinforced concrete 250
kgs for slab 10 cm thick
m2
260
12
3120 Superstructure
Note: Columns 1 through 5 are already available; Column 6 is completed in Step 2
Step 3: After the classification of all the items in the BOQ is complete, the contributing cost of each
system to the total project can be calculated using equation
W 2Si 
I
k
all k
T
Where:
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 19 of 23)
W 2 Si  Weighting factor W2 for the ith system
Ik = line item cost for the k line items classified as belonging to system I;
and T = total project cost (excluding taxes, profits, and overhead), also known as the direct cost.
This process is repeated for all i systems in each of the three baskets.
E XAMPLE A PPLICATION OF P ROCEDURE FOR C ALCULATING S YSTEM W EIGHTS
In order to improve the clarity of this process, system weights are calculated herein for projects using
Pakistan, Nigeria, and India as exemplars.
Step 1: Data were obtained for each of the three countries as follows:
1. Nigeria and Pakistan: Priced BOQ’s were obtained from the 1985 ICP round consisting of
priced BOQ’s for the standard projects.
2. India: Data were obtained for sample projects completed during the period 2004-2005 from an
Indian contractor.
Step 2: The priced BOQ’s for each country were mapped to the systems presented in Tables Table 4,
Table 5, and Table 12. The assignment to the systems was accomplished by reading the description of the
BOQ line item and mapping each line item to the appropriate system, for each class of work. The process
requires only a little more time than is required to read the BOQ.
Step 3: The process was operationalized by placing the priced BOQ into a spreadsheet. A column was
added for each system to the right of the BOQ proper. A “1” was placed in the column for the appropriate
system for each line item. In this way, the calculation of the summary could be performed by multiplying the
value in each system column by the line item cost of each item, picking up the actual value (1*value)
whenever a 1 had been entered, and nothing (0*value) when the line item was assigned to a different system.
The total cost for each system is then just the sum of the line items in each system. The results were then
divided by the total direct cost of the project to get a system weight. Results are presented in Table 15.
Detailed results are included in Appendix A.
Table 15: Summary Results for Nigeria and Pakistan
System
Site Work
Substructure
Superstructure
Exterior Shell/Envelope
Interior Partitions
Interior/Exterior Finishes
Mechanical and Plumbing
Electrical
Nigeria
Residential Non-Residential
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.18
0.27
0.23
0.27
0.15
0.04
0.17
0.18
0.07
0.10
0.11
0.05
Pakistan
Residential Non-Residential
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.04
0.28
0.30
0.16
0.25
0.10
0.03
0.22
0.16
0.07
0.11
0.11
0.10
Comparators
From W&S 2004
4-5%
2-13%
12-41%
15-25%
13-22%
n/a
9-34%
2-15%
The summary table shown above has been derived based on calculations that were performed for individual
projects for individual countries. Project by project summary results are provided in Table 16 through Table
31. The actual calculations for these tables are shown in Appendix A.
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 20 of 23)
Table 16: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Bungalow: Year 1985)
Exterior
Interior
Site Work Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope Partitions
Sum
13695
System Weight (%) 10.24098
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
1804.5
47620
5970
9210
22904
3380.5
4288.5
1.349386
35.60973
4.464302
6.88714
17.12737
2.527902
3.206895
Table 17: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Terrace Dwellings: Year 1985)
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Exterior
Interior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
3842.7
2100.8
8975
13400
7400
4010.5
3450
0
7.971745
4.358145
18.61879
27.79852
15.35142
8.319849
7.157082
0
Table 18: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Shed System: Year 1985)
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Exterior
Interior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
1908.75
2330
23005
0
0
1120
0
0
6.729564
8.21474
81.10733
0
0
3.948716
0
0
Table 19: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Bridge System: Year: 1985)
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight
Substructure Superstruct Exterior Interior
Int/Ext Finishes
ure
Shell/En Partitions
velope
M&P
Electrical
9000
32490
357553.5
0
0
0
0
0
2.255393
8.141969
89.60263
0
0
0
0
0
Table 20: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Primary School: Year 1985)
Exterior
Site Work Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
3717.5
5838.5
39373.5
73105
1290
32829.5
20760
5800
2.049745
3.219217
21.70966
40.30844
0.711277
18.10144
11.44659
3.197989
Table 21: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Hospital System: Year 1985)
Site
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
1072
6681
17992.5
30495
0
17020
15397.5
8432.5
1.10164
6.865722
18.48997
31.33815
0
17.49058
15.82322
8.665649
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 21 of 23)
Table 22: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Office Building System: Year
1985)
Exterior
Site Work Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
13695
1804.5
47620
5970
9210
22904
3380.5
4288.5
10.24098
1.349386
35.60973
4.464302
6.88714
17.12737
2.527902
3.206895
Table 23: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Farm Track System: Year
1985)
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Substructure Superstructure
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
538300
229270
23552
0
0
0
0
0
68.0426
28.98036
2.977038
0
0
0
0
0
Table 24: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Metallic Road: Year 1985)
Site Work
Sum
System Weight
(%)
Substructure
Mechanical
Equipment
Superstructure
Electrical Underground
Equipment
Utility
6975000
16292300
47384000
0
138590
0
9.853102
23.01501
66.93611
0
0.195777
0
Table 25: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Laterite Track System: Year
1985)
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Substructure
Superstructure
Mechanical
Equipment
Electrical Underground
Equipment
Utility
1350890
4242980
84500
0
0
0
0
23.79010174
74.72179516
1.4881031
0
0
0
0
Table 26: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Bungalow: Year 1985)
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Exterior
Interior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
718
1885.2
7345
7660
5842
10517.5
2482
4729
0.187727
0.4929
1.920407
2.002766
1.527436
2.749882
0.648938
1.236434
Table 27: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Primary School: Year 1985)
Exterior
Site Work Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
3717.5
5838.5
39373.5
73105
1290
32829.5
20760
5800
0.231413
0.363445
2.450991
4.550768
0.080302
2.043628
1.292305
0.361049
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 22 of 23)
Table 28: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Metallic Road: Year 1985)
Site Work
Sum
System Weight
(%)
Substructure
Superstructure
Electrical
Equipment
Mechanical Equipment
Underground
Utility
0
80250
59000
0
0
208300
0
15.62652127
11.48865738
0
0
40.56080226
Table 29: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Bridge System: Year 1985)
Site Work
Sum
System Weight
(%)
Substructure
Mechanical
Equipment
Superstructure
Electrical
Equipment
Underground
Utility
21210
27650
176604
0
0
0
4.113638039
5.36266345
34.2520006
0
0
0
Table 30: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Concrete Road System: Year
1985)
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Substructure
Mechanical
Equipment
Superstructure
Electrical Underground
Equipment
Utility
42390
8296
1833250
0
0
0
2.203296
0.431199
95.28643
0
0
0
Table 31: Summary for System Weight Calculations (Country: India; Project Type: Bungalow: Year 2005)
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Exterior
Interior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
12904
17844.5
216525
20845
41925
240775
68220
73725
1.907215
2.637423
32.00247
3.080898
6.196529
35.58662
10.08294
10.89658
I MPLICATIONS :

The process outlined above is relatively simple once the data are collected. The assignment of
line items to systems is both robust and simple to perform.

Data can be obtained from past projects, so no new estimating work is required.

Results obtained fell relatively close to expectations based on the comparators outlined by Walsh
and Sawhney (2004), and close to each other. This outcome suggests that, while the best practice
will be to develop system weights on some regular basis in the individual countries, use of
regional or sub-regional weights can be expected to introduce only very small errors if countryspecific data cannot be obtained due to data or resource availability.

It is recommended that the strategy 1 as demonstrated for India in this report be adopted by
NSOs.

The above calculations are for demonstration purposes only and the countries described herein
need to still complete the data collection and associated analysis for W2 calculations.
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 23 of 23)
Appendix A
Example Calculations for System Weights (W2)
Countries: Pakistan, Nigeria, and India
All prices (Unite price and Total prices) are in national currencies
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 24 of 8)
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Bungalow: Year 1985
Item specification
Unit Total Site
Quantity price price Work
Unit
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
BILL OF QUANTITIES
1.0 Earth work
1.1 Bush clearance on building site,
loading and transportation to dumping
ground 1Km away
1.2 Stripping of top soil to an average
depth of 20cm, transport and piling
upon worksite up to 300m away
1.3 Trench excavation, loading and
piling upon worksite up to 300m away
1.4 Loading and transport (300 m) of
soil stocked on work site for filling
around foundations and compacting
1.5 Loading and transport (300 m) of
soil stocked on work site for ramming
under slabs
m2
178
3
534
534
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m2
178
0.5
89
89
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
16.3
4
65.2
0
65.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
8
2.5
20
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
38
2.5
95
95
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
803.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
2.0 Concrete and reinforced
concrete
2.1 Blinding concrete (150 kg cement),
50 m thick
2.2 Foundation in concrete, strip
footings, at 250 kg cement, 40cm wide
and 15 cm thick, including formwork (5
m2/m3)
2.3 Reinforcement around patio and
below reinforced concrete partitions
(350 kg cement)
2.4 Reinforced concrete (350kg cement)
for anchorages, lintels and uprights 20
cm *15cm, including formwork (13.35
m2/,3)
2.5 Reinforced concrete (250 kg
cement) for slabs, 8cm thick, floor
slopped to allow drain off to waste
outlets or exterior
2.6 Reinforced Tor steel for various
reinforced concrete Units
Total
m3
1.4 100
140
0
140
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
4.1 200
820
0
820
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.55 1200 1860
0
0
1860
0
0
0
0
0
600
0
0
600
0
0
0
0
0
11 1529
0
0
1529
0
0
0
0
0
1.2 1200
0
0
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
m3
2 300
m2
139
Kg
1000
Sum
6149
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 25 of 8)
Item specification
3.0 Masonry
3.1 Sub-basement stonework in solid
building blocks 20cm thick
3.2 Masonry in hollow building blocks
15cm thick for walls
3.3 Masonry in hollow building blocks,
10cm thick for partitions
Unit
Unit Total Site
Quantity price price Work
m2
42
m2
154
m2
66
Total
4.0 Wall floor coverings and
plastering
4.1 Floated interior plaster finish, Total
thickness 2cm on all visible parts of
masonry, anchorages, lintels, etc..
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
840
0
840
0
0
0
0
0
0
14 2156
0
0
2156
0
0
0
0
0
12
792
0
0
0
0
792
0
0
0
3788
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
Sum
m2
310
3
930
0
0
0
0
0
930
0
0
4.2 Tyrolian plaster on outer walls
4.3 incorporated cement screed, smooth
and rough finishes, 2cm thick
4.4 floor covering in thermoplastic vinyl
Dalflex tiles
m2
110
5
550
0
0
0
0
0
550
0
0
m2
55
4.5 247.5
0
0
0
0
0
247.5
0
0
m2
32
14
448
0
0
0
0
0
448
0
0
4.5 Vitrified clay tiles 2 * 2 cm floors
m2
85
40 3400
0
0
0
0
0
3400
0
0
4.6 Vitrified clay tiles 2 *2 cm on walls
4.7 Dalflex type skirting boards 8 cm
high
4.8 Skirting in 2*2 cm vitrified clay tiles
to height of 8cm
4.9 Stoneware tiles 15*15 cm on
draining area
m2
16
40
640
0
0
0
0
0
640
0
0
m1
38
3.5
133
0
0
0
0
0
133
0
0
m1
46
4
184
0
0
0
0
0
184
0
0
m2
1
60
60
0
0
0
0
0
60
0
0
sum 6592.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1800
0
0
0
450
0
0
0
0
450
0
0
0
Total
5.0 Framework - roofing and
ceiling
5.1 Framework of undressed red timber
with two coats of Creosote
5.2 Barge boards 2*25 cm treated with
two coats of creosote
5.3 Plywood 5 mm thick for ceiling work
skeleton, including small wooden joists
and braces
5.4 Aluminium pantile roofing 6/10ths
Total
m3
2 900 1800
m1
60
7.5
m2
122
15 1830
0
0
0
0
1830
0
0
0
m2
194
35 6790
0
0
0
6790
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
sum
10870
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 26 of 8)
Item specification
6.0 Joinery
6.1 Double entrance door, rebated and
louvered, 2.0 * 2.115 m in red timber,
with solid breast 0.7m high like French
window, night Latch
6.2 Single entrance door, rebated and
louvered 0.93*2.115 m in red timber,
with solid breast 0.7m high, night latch.
6.3 Louvered windows in red timber
a) 2.0 * 1.1m
Unit Total Site
Quantity price price Work
Unit
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 250
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
U
1 150
150
0
0
0
150
0
0
0
0
U
1
U
3 60
U
2
U
6.6 Flush rebated interior doors
U
6.6. a) 0.63 * 2.115
U
3 130
6.6.b ) 0.83 * 2.115
6.7 Kitchen cupboard 0.9*0.7*2.6m
with 4 shelves in plywood 22mm thick
6.8 Bedroom cupboards 2.0 * 0.15*
2.6m with three separate doors. In two
parts hanging cupboard with one high
shelf and rail and the other half
comprising four shelves in 15mm
plywood, 15mm plywood partition.
U
4 145
U
1 295
U
70
0
0
0
70
0
0
0
0
180
0
0
0
180
0
0
0
0
35
70
0
0
0
70
0
0
0
0
2 200
400
0
0
0
400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
390
0
0
0
0
390
0
0
0
580
0
0
0
0
580
0
0
0
295
0
0
0
0
0
295
0
0
3 500 1500
0
0
0
0
0
1500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
7.3 Vinyl paint on ceiling
7.4 Glycerophthalic paint for exterior
and interior joinery, including barge
boards. With glazed and louvered
windows, the surface of the
window opening to be counted twice
(one for the interior and other for the
Interior
Partitions
U
b) 1.6 * 1.1 m
6.4 Louvered sashes in red timber 1.4 *
0.6 m
6.5 Glazed windows 1.6 * 1.1m
comprising NACO type sashes on red
timber frame, double glazed with
3.2mm tinted glass
7.0 Painting
7.1 Alum whitewash, 3 coatings, on all
visible surfaces of exterior masonry and
anchorages
7.2 Interior vinyl paint on all interior
walls and partitions
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
70
sum
3885
m2
193
3
579
0
0
0
0
0
579
0
0
m2
247
3
741
0
0
0
0
0
741
0
0
m2
122
3
366
0
0
0
0
0
366
0
0
m2
111
4
444
0
0
0
0
0
444
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 27 of 8)
Item specification
exterior)
Total
8.0 Plumbing and sanitary
installation
8.1 Stoneware sink 1.2 * 0.6m, two
bowls, including pipes for cold hot water
supply, waste outlets, taps, connection
to the vertical or horizontal pipes
and cupboard under the sink
8.2 Vitreous China standard toilet pan,
including flushing cistern, connection
and draining off
8.3 Floor-fixed bidet in vitreous china,
including taps, connection with hot and
cold water, draining off
8.4 Wash basin on wall bracket in
enamelled cast iron, chromed taps,
cabinet with one vitreous china ledge,
one towel rack in chrome-plated metal
with two fixed rails and a mirror
60*40cm, connection with cold and hot
water, including draining off
8.5 Shower tray in glazed fireclay fitted
with a mixer tap, a shower riser pipe
with threaded rings, an adjustable spray
nozzle, all fittings in chrome-plated
copper, cold and hot water supply
8.6 Interior horizontal pipes dia.10cm,
comprising PVC sewer pipes and
accessories.
8.7 Interior piping diameter 5cm in PVC,
including accessories
8.8 Rainwater down pipe dia.10cm,
comprising pipes for drainage of
rainwater from the gutter to the
horizontal pipes in PVC
8.9 Cold water supply, comprising
connection to mains in street, 15m of
DN 25 galvanized steel pipe, 2 ND 25
stopcocks and 10m of DN 15 pipe in
galvanized steel. Installed with
detachable rings
8.10 Hot water supply comprising 12m
of copper DN 15 pipe and 10m of DN 10
including 13mm mineral wool insulation
Unit Total Site
Quantity price price Work
Unit
sum
2130
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P
1 300
300
0
0
0
0
0
0
300
0
P
1 200
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
200
0
P
2 210
420
0
0
0
0
0
0
420
0
P
2 240
480
0
0
0
0
0
0
480
0
P
2 200
400
0
0
0
0
0
0
400
0
m1
20
6
120
0
0
0
0
0
0
120
0
m1
6
4.5
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
27
0
m1
10
8.5
85
0
0
0
0
0
0
85
0
P
1 450
450
0
0
0
0
0
0
450
0
P
1 300
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 28 of 8)
Unit Total Site
Item specification
Unit Quantity price price Work
8.11 Storage water heater in galvanized
steel, capacity 75 liters connection to
electric mains. Cold and hot water
supply
P
1 595
Total
9.0 Electricity
9.1 Individual customer branches, U
220-380 4*10 cable, attached to 2-piece
clamps
9.2 Distribution panel, in steel housing,
protective equipment, accessories and
interior ducts comprising tiebreaker,
triple pole switch 63A, 10 single pole
16 power switches and 1
transformer 220/12V 50Hz
9.3 Equipment
9.3.a Supply lines and ducts for the
entire house, including cables
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
sum
m1
P
m1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7 320 2240
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2240
1 580
580
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
580
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
96
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
96
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
3.2
9.3.b Equipment
1 Single on/off switch
P
16 10.5
168
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
168
2 Two-way switch
P
9 10.5
94.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
94.5
3 Light bulb holders
P
12 32.5
4 Sockets: 2*10A + earth
P
9
5 Sockets: 3*16A + earth
P
6 Junction box
P
390
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
390
8
72
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
72
3
8
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
1
15
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9.3.c NYM cable
1 NYM cable, 3*1.5*1.5
m1
115
3.2
368
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
368
2 NYM cable, 4*1.5*1.5
m1
25
3.2
80
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
80
3 NYM cable, 5*2.5*2.5
m1
30 4.85 145.5
9.4 Front door bell, complete installation
9.5 Piping for radio and TV aerial with
10m PVC conduits
9.6 Piping for telephone with 10m PVC
conduits
9.7 Earthing according to normal
practice
9.8 Individual earth branch, insulated
cable in duct, from connector to
customer pane, 1*16
Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
145.5
32.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
32.5
55
55
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
55
65
65
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
65
4.5 247.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
247.5
56
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
56
4729
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P
1 32.5
P
1
P
1
m1
55
m1
7
8
sum
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 29 of 8)
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 30 of 8)
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Bungalow: Year 1985
Exterior
Interior
Site Work Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope Partitions
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
13695
1804.5
47620
5970
9210
22904
3380.5
4288.5
10.24098
1.349386
35.60973
4.464302
6.88714
17.12737
2.527902
3.206895
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 31 of 8)
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Terrace Dwellings: Year 1985
Item specification
1.0 Earthwork
1.1 Scrub clearance on work site,
loading and transport to dumping
ground 1km away
1.2 Stripping of topsoil to an average
depth of 20cm, transport and piling-up
work site, up to 300m away
1.3 Excavation for trenches and soak
away, loading and piling-up on work
site, up to 300m away
1.4 Loading and transport 300m of soil
stocked on the work site for filling
around foundation and compacting
1.5 Loading and transport 300m of soil
stocked on work site for filling and
ramming under slab
Unit
Unit Total Site
Quantity price price Work
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
m2
380
3
1140
1140
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m2
380
0.5
190
190
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m2
30
4
120
0
120
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
10.6
2.5
26.5
26.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
32
2.5
80
80
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1556.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
2.0 Drainage
2.1 Plastic pipes for waste water
including elbows and T joints, etc..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1.a Diameter 75 mm
m1
16
3.5
56
56
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1.b Diameter 100mm
m1
16
5.2
83.2
83.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1.c Diameter 125 mm
m1
2.2 Inspection holes outside buildings,
section:0.6*0.6 and 0.8 deep, solid
building block masonry 15cm thick,
U
plastered on interior, with concrete
cover (250kg cement), 10cm thick
2.3 Circular soak away diameter 2m and
depth 3m, dry masonry in solid cement
building blocks 15cm thick, only last
three
U
rows of which to be pointed with
cement mortar reinforced concrete slab
cover 15cm thick, with inspection cover
9
8
72
72
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
100
200
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 1995
1995
1995
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2406.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
65*65cm in concrete, 7cm thick
Total
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 32 of 64)
0
Item specification
Unit
3.1 Foundations concrete is strip footing
(250kg cement) poured in trenches
without formwork
m3
3.2 Reinforced concrete (350kg cement)
for anchorages, lintels and uprights,
0.15*0.2 m including formwork (13.35
m2/m3)
m3
3.3 Reinforced concrete (250 kg cement
for slab 8cm thick, floor slopped to allow
for drain off to waste outlets
m2
Unit Total Site
Quantity price price Work
M&P
0
Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.12
300
1836
0
0
1836
0
0
0
0
0
11
2343
0
0
2343
0
0
0
0
0
5747
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16 412.8
0
412.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
4508
0
0
4508
0
0
0
0
0
288
0
0
288
0
0
0
0
0
5208.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
958.5
0
0
966
0
0
0
0
0
966
0
0
740
0
0
0
0
0
740
0
0
2664.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
213
m2
322
14
m2
24
12
213
4.5 958.5
322
3
370
2
Total
Total
Int/Ext
Finishes
0
1568
25.8
m2
Interior
Partitions
0
0
Total
6.2 6/10th aluminum pantile roofing
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
0
1568
m2
6.0 Frame work and roofing
6.1 frame work in undressed red timber,
treated with two coats of creosote
m3
0
140
sum
5.0 Wall floor coverings and
plastering
5.1 Incorporated cement screed, smooth
and rough finishes 2 cm thick
m2
5.2 Exterior cement plaster (350 kg
cement) 1.5 cm thick, in two coats
m2
5.3 Interior cement plaster (350
cement) , 0.5 cm thick, applied as a fine
plaster
m2
0
1120
Total
4.0 Masonry
4.1 Sub-basement masonry in solid
building block 15cm thick
4.2 Masonry in hollow building blocks
15cm thick for walls
4.3 Masonry in hollow building blocks
10cm thick for partitions
0
2.25
325
900
2025
0
0
0
2025
0
0
0
0
35 11375
0
0
0
11375
0
0
0
0
13400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 33 of 64)
7.0 Joinery
7.1 Flush, rebated doors, 34mm thick
0.88*2.115 m to be painted
Item specification
P
Unit
7.2 Louvred sashes in red timber
0.8*1.28 m
P
7.3 Diagonally braced doors in tongue
and groove red timber carefully treated
against damage by insects, mould and
rot 0.65 *1.6
P
10
130 1300
Unit Total Site
Quantity price price Work
0
0
0
0
0
0
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
0
1300
Interior
Partitions
0
0
0
0
0
0
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
145
2900
0
0
0
0
2900
0
0
0
8
400
3200
0
0
0
0
3200
0
0
0
7400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
322
3
966
0
0
0
0
0
966
0
0
95
4
380
0
0
0
0
0
380
0
0
1346
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
9.0 Plumbing and sanitary
installations
9.1 Shower- shower tray in glazed
fireclay, laid and pointed on low wall
built as a part of carcass work; fitted
with a mix tap, shower riser pipe
P
with threaded rings, an adjustable spray
nozzle, a stench trap with strainer. All
fittings in chrome-plated copper
9.2 Drinking-water fountain in stainless
steel mounted on base with connection
and draining off
P
9.3 Communal washroom with six basins
in stoneware, chrome-plated cold water
taps with six hooks for towels,
connection and draining off
P
9.4 Cold water supply comprising 10
meters galvanized steel pipe DN 32, 40
meters pipe DN 20 and a gate valve DN
32
0
20
Total
8.0 Painting
8.1 Three coats of alum whitewash on
all visible surfaces of exterior masonry
and anchorages
m2
8.2 Glycerophthalic paint for interior and
exterior wooden joinery with louvred
windows, the surface of the window
opening to be counted twice
m2
0
8
200
1600
0
0
0
0
0
0
1600
0
1
300
300
0
0
0
0
0
0
300
0
1 1200
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
1200
0
350
350
0
0
0
0
0
0
350
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 34 of 64)
Total
Item specification
3450
Unit
Unit Total Site
Quantity price price Work
10.0 Electricity
10.1 Distribution panel, in steel housing,
protective equipment class IP 55,
accessories and interior ducts (15/30
amperes), comprising one
tiebreaker, one triple-pole 63A switch,
11 single-pole 16 A power switches and
one triple-pole 20 A switch
P
10.2 Equipment supply lines and ducts
for all ten dwellings, comprising
ml
1
650
650
75
3.2
240
a) Equipment single on-off switch
210
P
20 10.5
- Two-way switch
P
2 10.5
21
- Light bulb holders
P
24 32.5
780
- Sockets 2*10 A plus earth
P
22
8.5
187
- Distribution boxes 3*16 A plus earth
P
1
85
85
0
0
0
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
b)
NYM cable 3*1.5*1.5
m1
400
3.2
1280
NYM cable 3*1.5*1.5
m1
200
3.2
640
NYM cable 3*1.5*1.5
m1
200
3.2
640
NYM cable 3*1.5*1.5
10.3 Earthing according to normal
practice
m1
35
3.2
112
m1
40
4.5
180
Total
5025
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 35 of 64)
0
0
Interior
Partitions
0
Int/Ext
Finishes
0
M&P
0
Electrical
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Terrace Dwellings: Year 1985
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Exterior
Interior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
3842.7
2100.8
8975
13400
7400
4010.5
3450
0
7.971745
4.358145
18.61879
27.79852
15.35142
8.319849
7.157082
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 36 of 64)
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Shed System: Year 1985
Item specification
Unit
1.0 Earthwork
1.1 Scrub clearance on work site,
loading and transportation to dumping m2
1.2 Removal of topsoil to an average
depth of 20cm, transport and piling up
of work site up to 300 m away
m3
1.3 Excavation for trenches, loading and
piling up on the work site up to 300 m
away
m3
1.4 Loading and transport of soil
stocked the work site for filling around
the foundations and compacting
m3
1.5 Loading and transport of soil
stocked on work site for ramming under
slab
m3
1.6 Loading and transport of gravel
0.5mm, including compacting
m3
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
200
3
600
600
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
200
5
1000
1000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17.25
7.5
129.5
129.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9.7
2.5
24.25
24.25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31
2.5
77.5
77.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15.5
5
77.5
77.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
1908.65
2.0 Concrete and reinforced
concrete
2.1 Blinding concrete 5 cm thick
2.2 Foundation reinforced concrete for
foundation blocks and longitudinal
beams including formwork
2.3 Reinforced concrete for slab 10cm
thick, including incorporated screed laid
during finishing work on slab
2.4 Reinforcement in Tor steel for
components in reinforced concrete
Site
Work
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
0.65
100
65
0
65
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
7.55
300
2265
0
2265
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
155
12
1860
0
0
1860
0
0
0
0
0
kg
1225
1.2
1470
0
0
1470
0
0
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 37 of 64)
Item specification
Unit
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Total
3.0 Metal frame work and roofing
3.1 Purlins in IPN 80 including fixing to
trusses and framework
3.2 Double-pitched lattice trusses in
angle iron, including gusset plates and
coupling to upright and wind braces
3.3 Wind braces for roof, façade and
gable in angle iron, including couplings
to upright
3.4 HEA section uprights, including
soleplates, gusset plates, and bracing
bolts
3.5 Roofing in self-supporting nervural
aluminum pantiles 6/10th thick,
including fixing to purlins and all
coupling and ridgedboard components
5660
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
kg
800
2.5
2000
0
0
2000
0
0
0
0
0
kg
1200
2.8
3360
0
0
3360
0
0
0
0
0
kg
400
2.8
1120
0
0
1120
0
0
0
0
0
kg
2400
2.8
6720
0
0
6720
0
0
0
0
0
m2
185
35
6475
0
0
6475
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
4.0 Painting
4.1 Brushing and application of at least
two coats of lead paint before assembly
of framework
m2
4.2 Two finishing coats of
glycerophthalic paint after assembly of
framework
m2
Total
Site
Work
19675
160
3
480
0
0
0
0
0
480
0
0
160
4
640
0
0
0
0
0
640
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1120
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 38 of 64)
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Shed System: Year 1985
Site Work
sum
System
Weight (%)
Exterior
Interior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
1908.75
2330
23005
0
0
1120
0
0
6.729564
8.21474
81.10733
0
0
3.948716
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 39 of 64)
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Bridge System: Year 1985
Item specification
Unit Quantity Unit Total
price price
Site Substructure Superstructure
Work
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electric
al
1.0 Earthwork
1.1 Large scale excavation in loose
ground, loading, transport 1 km away
and stocking of soil
1.2 Excavation for foundations in soft
rock, loading, transport to 300m and
stocking
1.3 Excavations in solid rock, otherwise
as for item 1.2
1.4 Filling for abutments and
foundations, loading, transport 3 km
away, placing and compacting at 98%
modified proctor density, 40 cm deep
Total
2.0 Concrete and reinforced
concrete
2.1 Blinding concrete, 8cm thick
m3
1900
0.5
950
0
950
0
0
0
0
0
m3
100
15
1500
0
1500
0
0
0
0
0
m3
40
45
1800
0
1800
0
0
0
0
0
m3
1200
7.5
9000
9000
0
0
0
0
0
0
13250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
23
120 2760
0
2760
0
0
0
0
0
2.2 Reinforced concrete for footings for m3
pillars and abutments
2.3 Rough formwork for item 2.2
m2
182
140 25480
0
25480
0
0
0
0
0
120
12
1440
0
0
1440
0
0
0
0
2.4 Reinforced concrete for pillars
m3
167
140 23380
0
0
23380
0
0
0
0
2.5 Wrought formwork for item 2.4,
including scaffolding
2.6 Reinforced concrete for abutments
m2
460
18
8280
0
0
8280
0
0
0
0
m3
384
140 53760
0
0
53760
0
0
0
0
2.7 Wrought formwork for item 2.6,
including scaffolding
2.8 Reinforced concrete for roadway
m2
1360
18 24480
0
0
24480
0
0
0
0
m3
432
140 60480
0
0
60480
0
0
0
0
2.9 Wrought formwork for item 2.8,
including scaffolding
2.10 Reinforcing in Tor steel for all
reinforced concrete components
m2
1.86
18
33.48
0
0
33.48
0
0
0
0
kg
112000
1.2 13440
0
0
0
134400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 40 of 64)
Total
Item specification
33449
3.5
Unit Quantity Unit Total
price price
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
Site Substructure Superstructure
Work
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
0
0
0
0
M&P Electric
al
3.0 Miscellaneous
3.1 Support for decking in neoprene
reinforced plates, sizes 400*300*42 mm
3.2 Polystyrene 2 cm thick should be
m2
placed in formwork for joints
3.3 Angle iron 80/80/8, including anchor m2
clamps for edges of joints
3.4 Angle iron 50/50/5, including anchor m1
clamps for edges of joints
3.5 Three Coats of bitumen on surfaces m2
below ground
3.6 Metal guard-rail in galvanized iron, m1
uprights every 1.5m, in rectangular pipe
100/60/5, hand rail and lower rail in
square pipe 60/60/5 and
filling in rectangular pipe 60/30/4 every
15 cm.
Total
12
25
300
0
0
300
0
0
0
0
80
12
1200
0
0
1200
0
0
0
0
56
5
280
0
0
280
0
0
0
0
36
5
180
0
0
180
0
0
0
0
1300
35 45500
0
0
45500
0
0
0
0
192
20
0
0
3840
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3840
51300
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 41 of 64)
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Bridge System: Year: 1985
Site Work
sum
System
Weight
Substructure Superstruct Exterior Interior
Int/Ext Finishes
ure
Shell/En Partitions
velope
M&P
Electrical
9000
32490
357553.5
0
0
0
0
0
2.255393
8.141969
89.60263
0
0
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 42 of 64)
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Primary School: Year 1985
Item specification
Unit Quantity Unit Total
price price
1.0 Earthwork
1.1 Scrub clearance on work site,
m2
loading transport to dumping ground 1
km away
1.2 Stripping of topsoil to average depth m2
of 20 cm, transport and piling up of
work site up to 300 m away
1.3 Excavation for trenches, loading and m3
piling up of work site up to 300 m away
1.4 Loading and transport of soil
m3
stocked on work site for filling around
foundations and compacting
1.5 Loading and transport of soil
m3
stocked on work for ramming under slab
Site Substructure Superstructure
Work
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrica
l
1140
0.5
570
570
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1140
0.5
570
570
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
445.3
5 2226.5
0
2226.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
265
3.5 927.5
927.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
360
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.0 Drainage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1 Plastic piping, including elbow and
T-joints etc.. For draining off waste
water
2.1.a Diameter 100 mm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m1
105
6
630
630
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1.b Diameter 125 mm
m1
30
7
210
210
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3 150
450
450
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1290
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
516
0
516
0
0
0
0
0
0
15.48 200 3096
0
3096
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
375
0
0
0
0
0
120
3
Total
4654
2.2 Manholes outside buildings, section U
0.6*0.6m and 0.8m deep, in solid
building block masonry 15 cm thick,
plastered on inside with concrete cover,
10 cm thick.
Total
3.0 Concrete and reinforced
concrete
3.1 Blinding concrete, 5 cm thick
3.2 Foundations concrete in strip
footings 40cm wide and 15cm thick,
including formwork
3.3 Reinforcement under partitions in
reinforced concrete
360
m3
m3
m3
5.16 100
1.25 300
375
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 43 of 64)
Item specification
Unit Quantity Unit Total
price price
1.0 Earthwork
3.4 Reinforced concrete for anchorages, m3
lintels and upright, section 15*20 cm,
including formwork
3.5 Reinforced concrete at 250 kg
m2
cement for concrete slab 8 cm thick,
floor to be sloped so as to allow draining
off to waste outlets
3.6 Reinforced in Tor steel for various kg
reinforced Concrete components
23.25 300 6975
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrica
l
0
0
6975
0
0
0
0
0
790
10 7900
0
0
7900
0
0
0
0
0
5800
1.2 6960
0
0
6960
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
25822
4.0 Masonry
4.1 Sub-basement masonry on solid
building blocks 20cm thick
4.2 Hollow building block masonry 15
cm thick for walls
4.3 Hollow building block masonry 10
cm thick for partitions
Site Substructure Superstructure
Work
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m2
206
18 3708
0
0
3708
0
0
0
0
0
m2
683 14.5 9903.5
0
0
9903.5
0
0
0
0
0
m2
296
0
0
3552
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
5.0 Wall floor coverings and
plastering
5.1 Floated interior plaster covering
m2
Total thickness 2 cm, on all visible parts
of masonry, anchorages, lintels etc..
5.2 Tyrolian plaster on exterior walls
m2
5.3 Incorporated cement screed,
m2
smooth and rough finishes, 2 cm thick
5.4 Vitrified clay tile floor covering 2*2 m2
cm
5.5 Vitrified clay skirting boards 2*2 cm m1
and 8 cm high
Total
6.0 Frame work roofing and ceiling
work
6.1 Rough wooden framework, treated m3
12 3552
17163.
5
1250
3 3750
0
0
0
0
0
3750
0
0
755
5 3775
0
0
0
0
0
3775
0
0
554
3 1662
0
0
0
0
0
1662
0
0
236
35 8260
0
0
0
0
0
8260
0
0
315
4.5 1417.5
0
0
0
0
0
1417.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17550
0
0
0
0
18864.
5
19.5 900 17550
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 44 of 64)
Item specification
Unit Quantity Unit Total
price price
Site Substructure Superstructure
Work
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrica
l
1.0 Earthwork
with two coats of creosote
6.2 Barge boards 2*25 cm, treated with m1
two coats of creosote
6.3 Plywood 5 mm thick for ceilings and m2
framework, including small wooden
joists and braces
6.4 Roofing in aluminum pantiles
m2
6/10th thick
200
6 1200
0
0
0
1200
0
0
0
0
790
10 7900
0
0
0
7900
0
0
0
0
975
35 34125
0
0
0
34125
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
60775
7.0 joinery
7.1 Louvred rebates double entrance
doors 1.8*2.75 m in red timber wood,
with solid breast 0.7m high, like French
windows, with a louvred fanlight 0.55,
high
7.2 Louvred rebated double entrance
doors 1.5*2.2 m in red timber, with
solid breasts 0.7 m high, like French
windows
7.3 Louvred windows in red timber
0.75* 0.50
7.4 Windows in red timber, 180*1.8 m ,
in four sections. Lower half: 2 sashes
0.9m wide and 1.25 m high with
adjustable glass panes upper half has 2
sashes 0.9m wide 0.55 m high. Wooden
louvres
7.5 windows in red timber 150*1.2m, in
two parts set one above the other, with
adjustable glass panes
7.6 Internal flush doors
U
6 250 1500
0
0
0
1500
0
0
0
0
U
3 230
690
0
0
0
690
0
0
0
0
7.6.a 0.63* 2.115
U
30
7.6.b 0.83 * 2.2
U
6
U
40
60 2400
0
0
0
2400
0
0
0
0
U
42 150 6300
0
0
0
6300
0
0
0
0
U
8 180 1440
0
0
0
1440
0
0
0
0
Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35 1050
0
0
0
0
1050
0
0
0
40
0
0
0
0
240
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2265
0
0
240
13620
8.0 Painting
8.1 Three coats of alum whitewash on
all visible surfaces of exterior masonry
m2
755
3 2265
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 45 of 64)
Item specification
Unit Quantity Unit Total
price price
Site Substructure Superstructure
Work
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrica
l
1.0 Earthwork
and anchorages
8.2 Interior vinyl paint on all interior
walls and partitions
8.3 Vinyl paint on coatings
m2
1250
4.5 5625
0
0
0
0
0
5625
0
0
m2
790
4.5 3555
0
0
0
0
0
3555
0
0
8.4 Glycerophthalic paint on interior and m2
exterior wooden joinery including barge
boards for glazed and louvred windows,
the surface of the window opening to be
counted twice
560
4.5 2520
0
0
0
0
0
2520
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26 350 9100
0
0
0
0
0
0
9100
0
4 300 1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
1200
0
18 250 4500
0
0
0
0
0
0
4500
0
800
0
0
0
0
0
0
800
0
8 550 4400
0
0
0
0
0
0
4400
0
1 760
0
0
0
0
0
0
760
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
13965
9.0 Plumbing sanitary installation
9.1 Eastern-type toilet pan in enamelled P
stoneware on concrete base, pointed
with rich mortar cast iron flushing
cistern, capacity 10 liters, ball-cocks.
Connection to water supply with stop
valve, galvanized iron chain. Galvanized
steel flushing pipe.
9.2 Standard toilet pan in vitreous china P
including flushing cistern, toilet paper
fixture, connection and draining off
9.3 Syphon- action wall-hung vitreous P
china urinal, push-button flush valve
and flushing pipe in chrome-plated
copper, outlet in chrome-plated copper
with strainer
9.4 Enamelled cast-iron hand basin on P
wall brackets, 0.6*0.5 m, chrome-plated
cold water tap with mirror 0.6*0.4 m ,
one towel-rack in chrome-plated metal
9.5 Communal washroom with
P
enamelled stoneware basins, with three
chrome-plated cold-water taps with
three mirrors 0.6*0.4 m and three
hooks for towels, connection and
draining off
9.6 Cold water supply connection to
P
street mains, 20 m of DN 40 pipe in
steel, 50 m of DN 32 pipe, 75 m DN 20
and 2 DN 40 stop cocks, 3 DN 20 stop
valves
4 200
760
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 46 of 64)
Item specification
Unit Quantity Unit Total
price price
1.0 Earthwork
Total
20760
10.0 Electricity
Site Substructure Superstructure
Work
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrica
l
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10.1 Distribution panel in black steel
housing with one coat of rust-protective
covering and two coats of synthetic
gloss paint, protection type IP 54, cable
NYCWY 4*25/16 mm2, Bush bars 100A,
power switch 3*63 A, 9*16 A, 1*20 A
10.2 Panel in steel housing, under
plaster, protection type: IP 43, bush
bars: 63A, switch: 63A, circuit breakers
12*16A
10.3 Earth connection comprising
anchorages, coupling loops and
distribution network
10.4 Cables for supply lines to
distribution panels NYM 5*16 mm2
10.5 cables for installation of sockets
P
1 700
700
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
700
P
1 850
850
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
850
P
1 100
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
m1
80
10
800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10.5. a) 1 5* 6 mm2 NYM
m1
30
8
240
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
240
10.5 b) 3* 2.5 mm2 NYM
m1
230
6 1380
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1380
10.5 c) 4*1.5 mm2 NYM
m1
20
4.5
90
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
90
10.5 d) 3* 1.5 mm2 NYM
m1
320
3
960
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
960
10.6 Socket 16A 250 volts
P
40
7.5
300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
300
10.7 Two way switch
P
18
10
180
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
180
10.8 Single on /off switch
P
20
10
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
4450
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 47 of 64)
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Primary School: Year 1985
Exterior
Site Work Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
sum
System
Weight (%)
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
3717.5
5838.5
39373.5
73105
1290
32829.5
20760
5800
2.049745
3.219217
21.70966
40.30844
0.711277
18.10144
11.44659
3.197989
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 48 of 64)
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Hospital System: Year 1985
Item specification
Unit Quantity Unit
price
1.0 Earthwork
1.1 Scrub clearance on work site loading
and transporting to the dumping ground
1 km away
m2
1.2 Stripping of top soil to an average
depth of 20cm , transport and piling up
on work site , up to 300m away
m2
1.3 Excavation for trenches, loading and
piling up on work site for filling worksite
up to 300m away
m3
1.4 Loading and transport (300m ) of
soil stocked on work site for filling
around foundations and compacting
m3
1.5 Loading and transport (300m) of soil
stocked on worksite for ramming under
slab
m3
Total
price
Site Substructure Superstructure
Work
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrical
600
0.5
300
300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
600
0.5
300
300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
210
5
1050
0
1050
0
0
0
0
0
0
163
3.5
570.5
0
570.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
47
3.5
164.5
0
164.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
2385
2.0 Drainage
2.1 Plastic piping including elbow and tjoints etc ..for waste water drainage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m1
67
6
402
402
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1.b Diameter 125mm
m1
2.2 Manholes outside buildings, section ;
0.6*0.6 m and 0.6m deep, and solid
building block masonry 15cm thick,
plastered on the inside,
U
with concrete cover, (250 kg cement),
10 cm thick
10
7
70
70
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2 150
300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1.a Diameter 100mm
Total
772
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 49 of 64)
3.0 Concrete and Reinforced
Concrete
Item specification
Unit Quantity Unit
price
3.1 Blinding concrete (150kg cement), 5
cm thick
m3
3.2 Foundations concrete in strip
footings (250kg cement), 40cm wide
and 15cm deep, including form work
(5m2 /m3)
m3
3.3 Reinforcing around terrace and
below partitions in reinforced concrete
(350 kg cement)
m3
3.4 Reinforced concrete (350 kg
cement), for anchorages, lintels, and
uprights, section 0.2*0.15m including
formwork (13.35 m2/m3
m3
3.5 Reinforced concrete (250kg cement)
for slab 8cm thick, floor to be sloped so
as to allow draining off towards waste
outlets
m2
3.6 Reinforcing in Tor steel for various
reinforced concrete components
kg
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrical
0
408
0
0
0
0
0
0
10.2 200
2040
0
2040
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15.3 300
4590
0
0
4590
0
0
0
0
0
310
10
3100
0
0
3100
0
0
0
0
0
3300
1.2
3960
0
0
3960
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2448
0
2448
0
0
0
0
0
0
425 14.5 6162.5
0
0
6162.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
180
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14098
Total
5.0 Wall floor coverings and
plastering
5.1 Floated interior plaster 2cm Total
thickness, on all visible parts of masonry
, anchorages, lintels etc…
m2
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
408
0.5
4.0 Masonry
4.1 Sub-basement masonry in solid
building blocks 20cm thick
m2
4.2 Hollow building block masonry 15cm
thick for walls
m2
4.3 Hollow building block masonry 10cm
thick for partitions
m2
Site Substructure Superstructure
Work
3.4 120
Total
5.2 Tyrolian plaster on exterior walls
5.3 Floor covering in Dalflex type
thermoplastic vinyl tiles
Total
price
136
18
15
12
180
8790
530
3
1590
0
0
0
0
0
1590
0
0
m2
360
5
1800
0
0
0
0
0
1800
0
0
m2
230
14
3220
0
0
0
0
0
3220
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 50 of 64)
5.4 Floor covering in vitrified clay tiles
2*2 cm
5.5 Wall coverings in vitrified clay tiles
2*2 cm
m2
55
35
1925
0
0
0
0
0
1925
0
0
m2
113
35
3955
0
0
0
0
0
3955
0
0
0
0
0
Site Substructure Superstructure
Work
0
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
0
Interior
Partitions
630
Int/Ext
Finishes
5.6"Dalfllex" type skirting boards 8cm
high
Item specification
m1
140
4.5 630
Unit Quantity Unit Total
price price
Total
13120
6.0 Frame work roofing ceiling
work
6.1 Undressed wooden framework
,treated with 2 coats of creosote
m3
6.2 Barge boards 2*25 cm treated with
2 coats of creosote
m1
6.3 Plywood 5mm thick for ceilings and
framework including wooden joists and
braces
m2
6.4 Alumunium pantile roofing 6/10
m2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6975
0
0
0
0
120
6
720
0
0
0
720
0
0
0
0
310
10
3100
0
0
0
3100
0
0
0
0
370
35
12950
0
0
0
12950
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23745
5
350 1750
0
0
0
1750
0
0
0
0
3
200 600
0
0
0
600
0
0
0
0
55
80
0
0
0
4400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1080
0
0
4400
6750
m2
0
900 6975
Total
8.0 Painting
8.1 Three coats of alum whitewash on
all visible surfaces of exterior masonry
and anchorages
0
7.75
Total
7.0 Joinery
7.1 Double louvred rebated entrance
door , 1.6*2.115 m in red timber with
solid breast 0.7 m high to carry window
night latch
U
7.2 Single louvred entrance door
0.93*2.115 m in red timber with solid
breast 0.7 m high night latch
U
7.3 Louvred sashes in red timber 0.8 *
0.65 m
U
0
0
M&P Electrical
360
3
1080
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 51 of 64)
8.2 Interior vinyl paint on all exterior
walls and partitions
m2
530
3
1590
0
0
0
0
0
1590
0
0
8.3 Vinyl paint on ceilings
m2
8.4 Glycerophthalic paint on interior and
exterior wooden joinery including barge
boards for sashes and louvred doors ,
the surface of the window opening
counted twice
m2
310
3
930
0
0
0
0
0
930
0
0
75
4
300
0
0
0
0
0
300
0
0
Site Substructure Superstructure
Work
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
Item specification
Unit Quantity Unit
price
Total
9.0 plumbing sanitary installation
9.1 Stainless steel sink 1.2*0.6 m , two
bowls , cold water supply pipes waste
outlet Units , cupboards under sink and
connection to vertical or horizontal pipes P
9.2 Eastern type toilet pan in enamel
stoneware on a concrete base pointed
with rich mortar , caste iron flushing
cistern capacity 10l , connection to stop
valve galvanized iron chain , flushing
type in galvanized steel
P
9.3 Shower basin in glazed fireclay fitted
with a mixer tap , a shower rising pipe
with threaded rings , an adjustable
shower rose , all fittings in chrome
plated copper , cold and hot water
supply
P
9.4 Enamelled cast iron hand basin on
wall brackets , chrome plated tap and
cabinet with one vitreous china ledge ,
one chrome plated metal towel rack
with two fixed rails and mirror 60*40cm
, connection to cold and hot water
supply including drainage off
P
9.5 Instant electric water heater
capacity 15 l , connection to electric
circuit and cold water stop valve
P
9.6 Storage water heater comprising a
tank in galvanized sheet metal , capacity
75 l , connection to electric circuit
pending , cold and hot water
P
9.7 Interior piping diameter 50cm
comprising sewage piping in PVC and
accessories
m1
Total
price
3900
M&P Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
350 350
0
0
0
0
0
0
350
0
4
250 1000
0
0
0
0
0
0
1000
0
1
180 180
0
0
0
0
0
0
180
0
8
200 1600
0
0
0
0
0
0
1600
0
1
350 350
0
0
0
0
0
0
350
0
6
1500 9000
0
0
0
0
0
0
9000
0
10
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
200
0
200
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 52 of 64)
9.8 Main ventilation pipe in PVC DN 10 m1
5
7.5 37.5
9.9 Rain water down pipe diameter 10
cm comprising conduits for rain water
drainage from guttering to horizontal
pipes in PVC
m1
16
30 480
9.10 Cold water supply comprising
connection to existing networks , 50 m
of DN 40 pipe in galvanized steel one
stop cock DN 40 ,30 m of DN 25 pipe ,
one DN 25 tap and 90 m of DN 50 pipe
and 7 DN 15 stop cocks
P
1
2200 2200
Item specification
Unit Quantity Unit Total
price price
Total
15397.5
10.0 electricity
10.1 Individual customer branches 220330 4*10 cable attached to 2 piece
clamps
m1
10.2 Distribution panel in steel housing ,
protective equipment ,accessories and
interior ducts comprising one
telebreaker one triple point switch
30Amp , 8 single pole 16 amps power
switches and one transformer 220*12
volts 50 Hz
P
10.3Equipment
10.3.a Supply lines and ducts for the
entire building including cables NYY
5*100
m1
0
0
0
0
0
0
37.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
480
0
0
0
0
Site Substructure Superstructure
Work
0
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
0
Interior
Partitions
0
Int/Ext
Finishes
2200
0
M&P Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
30
210
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
210
1
700 700
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
700
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
562.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
7.5
562.5
10.3.b Equipment
1 Push button telebreaker
P
10
35
350
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
350
2 Single on off switch
P
6
7.5
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
45
3 Two way switch
P
2
10
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
4 Sockets : 3*16 A+ Earth
P
1
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
5 Sockets : 2*10 A+ Earth
P
40
10
400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
400
6 Sockets : 2*16 A+ Earth
P
5
10
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
7 Distribution box 20 A + Earth
P
1
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
8 Junction box
P
1
85
85
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
85
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10.3.c
1 Cable NYM 3*1.5 sq.
m1
200
8
1600
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1600
2 Cable NYM 3*1.5 sq
m1
310
8
2480
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2480
3 Cable NYM 5*2.5 sq
m1
20
10
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
200
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 53 of 64)
10.4 Call buttons complete installations
(bell , 36 push buttons , 50m 3*2*0.6sq
,70 m2 * 0.6sq and one indicator panel
with six indicator lights
10.5 Piping for telephone with 10 m of
protective PVC piping
10.6 Earthing according to normal
practice
10.7 Individual earth branches ,
insulated cabling duct , from connector
to customer panel 1&16
P
1
300 300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
300
P
1
60
60
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
m1
30
40
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1200
m1
15
10
150
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
150
8432.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Hospital System: Year 1985
Site
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
1072
6681
17992.5
30495
0
17020
15397.5
8432.5
1.10164
6.865722
18.48997
31.33815
0
17.49058
15.82322
8.665649
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 54 of 64)
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Office Building System: Year 1985
Item specification
1.0 Earthwork
1.1 Scrub clearance on work site ,
loading and transporting to dumping
ground 1 km away
1.2 Stripping of top soil to an average
depth of 20 cm ,transport and piling up
on work site up to 300 m away
1.3 Excavation for trenches , loading
and piling up on worksite up to 300m
away
1.4 Loading and transport of soil
stocked on work site for filling around
foundations and compacting
1.5 Loading and transport of soil
stocked on work site for ramming under
slab
Unit
Unit Total
Quantity price price
m2
400
3 1200
m2
400
0.5
m3
152
5
m3
127
m3
45
Site
Work Substructure Superstructure
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrical
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
200
0
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
760
0
760
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.5 444.5
0
444.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
Total
135
2739.5
2.0 Drainage
2.1 Plastic pipes including elbow and t
joints for waste water outlets
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m1
45
5.5 247.5
247.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1.b Diameter 125 mm
m1
2.2 Manholes outside building section ;
0.6 * 0.6 m and 80 cm deep in solid
U
15
8.5 127.5
127.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1.a Diameter 100mm
8
95
760
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 55 of 64)
building block masonry 15 cm thick
plastered on the inside with concrete
cover 10 cm thick
Total
1135
3.0 Concrete and reinforced
concrete
3.1 Blinding concrete 150 kg cement 5
cm thick
m3
Item specification
Unit
3.2 Foundations reinforced concrete for
strip and independent footings 350 kg
cement
m3
4 100
400
Unit Total
Quantity price price
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Site
Work Substructure Superstructure
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrical
19 140 2660
0
0
2660
0
0
0
0
0
3.3 Rough formwork for item 3.2
m2
3.4 Reinforced concrete for anchorages
lintels parapet and upright
m3
97
12 1164
0
0
1164
0
0
0
0
0
41 140 5740
0
0
5740
0
0
0
0
0
3.5 Rough formwork for item 3.4
m2
3.6 Reinforced concrete 250 kg for slab
10 cm thick
m2
3.7 Raised ground floor and patio 20 cm
thick in prefabricate reinforced concrete
beams every 60 cm with a hollow brick
in fill 16 cm thick and a slab 4 cm thick
poured inside reinforcing as for item
3.10
m2
3.8 Reinforced concrete 350 kg cement
for stair cases and draining boards and
supports
m3
574
12 6888
0
0
6888
0
0
0
0
0
260
12 3120
0
0
3120
0
0
0
0
0
560 24.5 13720
0
0
13720
0
0
0
0
0
420
0
0
420
0
0
0
0
0
3.9 Wrought from work for item 3.8
m2
3.10 Reinforcing in Tor steel for various
reinforced concrete components
kg
23
276
0
0
276
0
0
0
0
0
1.2 14220
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3 140
11850
12
Total
4.0 Masonry
4.1 Sub basement masonry in solid
building blocks 15 cm thick
4.2 Hollow building block masonry 15
cm thick for walls
4.3 Hollow building block masonry 10
cm thick for partition
48608
m2
131
16 2096
0
0
2096
0
0
0
0
0
m2
824
14 11536
0
0
11536
0
0
0
0
0
m2
25
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
300
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 56 of 64)
Total
13932
5.0 Wall and floor covering and
plastering
5.1 Floated interior plaster coating Total
thickness 2 cm , on all visible parts of
masonry , anchorage lintels etc.
m2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1163
3
3489
0
0
0
0
0
3489
0
0
5.2 Tyrolian plaster on exterior walls
5.3 Floor and staircase in vitrified clay
tiles 2*2 cm
m2
530
5
2650
0
0
0
0
0
2650
0
0
m2
580
14
8120
0
0
0
0
0
8120
0
0
Item specification
Unit
Unit Total
Quantity price price
5.4 Wall covering in vitrified clay tiles
2*2 cm
m2
5.5 Skirting boards in vitrified clay tiles
2*2 cm up to a height of 8 cm
m1
7.4Windows in red wood , glazed with
M&P Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
1925
0
0
530
4
2120
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
120
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8960
0
0
0
400
30
12000
8
15
120
60
35
2100
14220
U
Int/Ext
Finishes
1925
Total
7.3 Flush internal doors 0.83*2.1 m
Interior
Partitions
35
18304
7.0 Joinery and wrought- iron work
7.1 Plywood 5 mm thick for ceilings
including lathing fixed to ceilings
m2
7.2 Double louvred rebated entrance
door 1.6 * 2.1 m in red timber with solid
breast 70 cm high night latch
U
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
55
Total
6.0 Ceiling and rain water drainage
6.1 Multilayer ceiling by 3 layers of
bituminized felt and one layer of
protective felt applied hot including the
upsweep and fixing along the parapets m2
6.2 Basket strainer in galvanized iron
diameter 100mm
U
6.3 Zinc pipes diameter 100 mm for
rainwater down-pipes fixed to walls
m1
Site
Work Substructure Superstructure
560
16
8960
1
250 250
0
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
20
145 2900
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 57 of 64)
adjustable glass panes
7.4.a 0.8 * 0.8 m
U
1
180 180
0
0
0
180
0
0
0
0
7.4.b 2.4 * 1.2 m
U
13
200 2600
0
0
0
2600
0
0
0
0
7.4.c 3.2 * 1.2 m
U
7
260 1820
0
0
0
1820
0
0
0
0
7.4.d 1.6 * 1.2 m
U
3
200 600
0
0
0
600
0
0
0
0
7.4.e 1.6 * 2.1 m
U
1
220 220
0
0
0
220
0
0
0
0
7.4.f 1.6 * 0.8 m
U
1
210 210
0
0
0
210
0
0
0
0
7.4.g 0.8 * 2.1 m
U
7.5 Louvred sash in red timber 0.4 * 3.1
m
U
1
200 200
0
0
0
200
0
0
0
0
1
140 140
0
0
0
140
0
0
0
0
Item specification
7.6 Simple balustrade for staircases
made of tubular sections including
uprights , handrail and rail set halfway
Unit
Unit Total
Quantity price price
m1
9
95
Total
8.0 Painting
8.1 Three coats of alum whitewash on
all visible surfaces of exterior masonry
and anchorages
8.2 Interior vinyl paints on all interior
wall and partitions
855
18935
Site
Work Substructure Superstructure
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
530
3
1590
0
0
0
0
0
1590
0
0
m2
1150
3
3450
0
0
0
0
0
3450
0
0
560
3
1680
0
0
0
0
0
1680
0
0
255
5
1275
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.3 Vinyl paint in ceilings
m2
8.4 Glycerophthalic paint on interior and
exterior wooden joinery and iron work m2
Total
9.0 Plumbing and sanitary
installation
9.1 Standard vitreous china toilet pan
including flushing system connection
and draining off
P
9.2 Enamel cast iron basin on wall
brackets 0.6 * 0.5 m chrome plated cold
water tap with porcelain ledge , chrome
plated metal tower rack with two rails P
7995
6
200 1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
1200
0
6
220 1320
0
0
0
0
0
0
1320
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 58 of 64)
and a mirror 0.6 *0.4 m connection to
cold water stop valve and draining off
9.3 Enamelled cast iron hand basin on
valve brackets 0.4 * 0.3 m chrome
plated cold water tab with hook for
towels and a mirror 0.4 *0.4 m
connection to cold water supply stop
valve and draining off
P
9.4 Cold water supply comprising
connection to mains in streets 20 m of
DN 32 pipe in galvanizes steel , 12 m of
DN 25 pipe , 49 m of DN 15 pipe , 2 DN
25 screw down valve , 1 DN screw down
valve
P
Item specification
Unit
1
200 200
0
0
0
0
0
0
200
0
1
550 550
0
0
0
0
0
0
550
0
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Site
Work Substructure Superstructure
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrical
9.5 Interior horizontal piping in PVC DN
100 pipe including elbow and T joints
and accessories
m1
17
6.5
110.5
0
0
0
0
0
0 110.5
0
9.6 A above in DN 50
10
4.5
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m1
Total
3425.5
10.0 Electricity
10.1 Switch board in black steel housing
with one coat of rust protective covering
and 2 coats of synthetic gloss paint ,
protection type IP 54 , leading in cable
NVYWY 4* 25/16 sq, bus bars 160 A
power switch 3 * 125 A Circuit breakers
6*16 A and 1 * 20 A
P
10.2 Switch boards in steel housing
under plaster painted as in 10.1,
protection type IP 43 , bus bars 63 A ,
switch 63 A , circuit breakers 6 *16 A
P
10.3 Earth connection comprising
anchorage coupling loops and
distribution network
P
10.4 Cables for distribution panel supply
NYH 5*16 sq mm
m1
1
750 750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
1
500 500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
1
40
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
10
10.5 105
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
10.5 Cables for socket installation
10.5.a 5*6 mm2 NYM
m1
30
8.5
255
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
255
10.5.b 3*2.5 mm2 NYM
m1
120
7
840
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
840
10.5.c 4*1.5 mm2 NYM
m1
30
4.5
135
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
135
10.5.d 3*1.5 mm2 NYM
m1
240
3.5
840
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
840
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 59 of 64)
10.6 Socket 15 A 250 V
P
45
8.5
10.7 Two way switch
P
12
10.8 Single on off switch
P
20
10.9 Push button telebreaker
P
10.1 Telebreaker relay
P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
382.5
10.5 126
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
126
10.5 210
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
210
20
10.5 210
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
210
2
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
382.5
40
4433.5
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Office Building System: Year 1985
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Substructure
Superstructure
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
13695
1804.5
47620
5970
9210
22904
3380.5
4288.5
10.24098
1.349386
35.60973
4.464302
6.88714
17.12737
2.527902
3.206895
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 60 of 64)
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Farm Track System: Year 1985
Item specification
1.0 Earthwork
1.1 Scrub clearance in forest zone
including felling of trees and removal of
plant waste matter from cleared area
1.2 Scrub clearance as in item 1.1 in
areas of new growth or in cultivated
zones
1.3 Stripping of topsoil to a depth of
20cm and removal outside worksite
1.4 Excavation of soil, transport to a
distance of less than 400m and stocking
1.5 Filling of soil including extraction
loading transportation up to 400m,
unloading and compacting of materials
90% modified proctor density
1.6 Filling as in item 1.5 but excluding
excavation as the soil comes from
excavation
Unit
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Substructure Superstructure
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior Partitions Int/Ext Finishes M&P Electrical
m2
36000
7.5 270000
270000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m2
39000
5 195000
195000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m2
40000
1 40000
40000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
10000
15 150000
0
150000
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
6000
6.5 39000
0
39000
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
8000
5 40000
0
40000
0
0
0
0
0
0
734000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3150
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
2.0 Miscellaneous
2.1 Supply and installation of metal pipes
including filling of excavation after
installation of pipes and compacting of
soil and slopes. The pipes are to be
covered at least half their diameter and
extend 0.3 m from each side of the
slopes to channel
2.1.a. Diameter 60 cm 1.5mm thick
Site
Work
m1
90
35
3150
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 61 of 64)
2.1.b Diameter 80cm 1.9mm thick
m1
18
45
810
810
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1.c Diameter 100cm 2.7mm thick
m1
2.2 Construction and installation of
gabions, including transport of stone to a
distance of 5km supplied by the client
m3
36
65
2340
2340
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
90 27000
27000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.7
100
270
0
270
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
65
180 11700
2.5 Formwork for item 2.4
m2
2.6 Reinforcing in Tor steel for reinforced
concrete components
kg
418
14
5000
1.2
2.3 blinding 150kg cement 5 cm thick
2.4 Reinforced concrete 350kg cement
for box culverts, average thickness of
inverts, sides and floors 16cm
300
m3
Total
0
0
11700
0
0
0
0
0
5852
0
0
5852
0
0
0
0
0
6000
0
0
6000
0
0
0
0
0
57122
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Farm Track System: Year 1985
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Substructure
Superstructure
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
538300
229270
23552
0
0
0
0
0
68.0426
28.98036
2.977038
0
0
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 62 of 64)
Example for the System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Laterite Track System: Year 1985
Item specification
Unit
1.0 Preparation of land
1.1 Scrub clearance in forest area,
including felling of trees and removal of
plant refuse from cleared area
m2
1.2 Scrub clearance as in item 1.1 in
areas of new growth or cultivated area m2
1.3 Stripping of topsoil to a depth to a
depth of 20 cm and removal by
bulldozing outside worksite
m2
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Electrical
Equipment
Underground
Utility
79000
7.5 592500
592500
0
0
0
0
0
0
136000
5 680000
680000
0
0
0
0
0
0
76500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
153000
Total
2.0 Earthwork
2.1 Excavation in loose ground, transport
to a distance less than 400m and
stocking
m3
2.2 Excavation as in item 2.1 in solid rock
requiring the use of explosives or
pneumatic drills
m3
2.3 Filling, including excavation, loading
transport up to 400m, placing and
compacting of materials at 90% modified m3
Site
Work Substructure Superstructure Mechanical Equipment
0.5
76500
1349000
12000
15 180000
0
180000
0
0
0
0
0
11500
45 517500
0
517500
0
0
0
0
0
118000
6.5 767000
0
767000
0
0
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 63 of 64)
Item specification
Proctor density
Unit
Unit Total
Quantity price price
2.4 Filling as in item 2.3 excluding
extraction as the soil comes from
excavations
m3
2.5 Grading of the roadbed to give the
required cross section specifications
including ditches
m3
2.6 Excavation in loose ground for
structures, including loading transport up
to 400m and stocking
m3
13000
5
190000
600
Total
Underground
Utility
0
65000
0
0
0
0
0
5 950000
0
950000
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
2400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2400
33200
30
996000
0
996000
0
0
0
0
0
37400
20
748000
0
748000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1890
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
4.0 Miscellaneous
4.1 Demolition of all kinds of masonry
including removal of materials to a
distance of 400m
4.2 Blinding concrete 150kg cement, 5
cm thick
Electrical
Equipment
65000
2481900
3.0 Carriage way
3.1 Extraction of laterite from borrows
for the improved sub-grade of varying
thickness according to the nature of the
land in general between 15 and 25 cm
after compacting at 95% including
transport up to 1.0 m placing grading of
surface and compacting
m3
3.2 extraction of laterite as in item 3.1 in
this case for the surfacing 20 cm thick
m3
Site
Work Substructure Superstructure Mechanical Equipment
1744000
m3
42
45
1890
m3
2.5
120
300
0
0
300
0
0
0
0
4.3 Foundations concrete 200 kg cement m3
122
140
17080
0
17080
0
0
0
0
0
4.4 Rough formwork for item 4.5
4.5 Reinforced concrete 350kg cement
for box culverts the surface of sloping
inverts to be a quite smooth
m2
350
12
4200
0
0
4200
0
0
0
0
m3
150
180
27000
0
0
27000
0
0
0
0
1000
18
18000
0
0
18000
0
0
0
0
20000
1.2
24000
0
0
24000
0
0
0
0
4.6 Wrought formwork for item 4.5
m2
4.7 Reinforcing in tor steel for reinforced
concrete components
kg
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 64 of 64)
Item specification
Unit
4.8 Pipes in reinforced concrete with
straight pipe vault and finishing joints,
including formwork
4.8.a Diameter 80cm inside thickness 8
cm
m1
4.8.b Diameter 100cm inside and
thickness 10 cm
m1
4.9 Pipe ends reinforced concrete
including formwork
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Site
Work Substructure Superstructure Mechanical Equipment
Electrical
Equipment
Underground
Utility
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
110
45
4950
0
0
4950
0
0
0
0
72
65
4680
0
0
4680
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.9.a Diameter inside 80 cm
16
45
720
0
0
720
0
0
0
0
4.9.b Diameter inside 100 cm
10
65
650
0
0
650
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
103470
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Laterite Track System: Year 1985
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Substructure
Superstructure
Mechanical
Equipment
Electrical
Equipment
Underground
Utility
1350890
4242980
84500
0
0
0
0
23.79010174
74.72179516
1.4881031
0
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 65 of 64)
Example for the System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Metallic Road: Year 1985
Item specification
Unit
1.0 Preparation of land
1.1 Scrub clearance in forest area,
including felling trees and removal of plant
refuse from the cleared area
m2
1.2 Scrub clearance as in item 1.1 in areas
of new growth or cultivated areas
m2
1.3 stripping of topsoil to a depth of 20 cm,
and removal of bulldozing outside work site m2
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Substructure Superstructure Exterior Shell/Envelope Interior Partitions Int/Ext Finishes
230000
7.5 1725000 1725000
0
0
0
0
0
900000
5 4500000 4500000
0
0
0
0
0
750000
1
750000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15 4125000
0
4125000
0
0
0
0
45
585000
0
585000
0
0
0
0
6.5 4940000
0
4940000
0
0
0
0
0
650000
0
0
0
0
Total
2.0 Earthwork
2.1 Excavations in loose ground, transport
to a distance less than 400m and stocking
2.2 Excavations as in item 2.1 in solid rock
requiring the use of explosives or
pneumatic drills
2.3 Filling including extractions, loading ,
transport up to 400m, placing and
compacting at 90% modified proctor
density
2.4 Fillings as in item 2.3 excluding
extraction as the soil has to come from
Site
Work
750000
6975000
m3
275000
m3
13000
m3
760000
m3
130000
5
650000
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 66 of 64)
excavations
2.5 Grading of road bed to give the
required cross section specifications
including ditches
2.6 Excavation in loose ground for
structures, including loading, transport up
to 400 m and stocking
m2
1150000
m3
3500
Total
5 5750000
0
5750000
0
0
0
0
4
0
14000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14000
16064000
3.0 Carriageway
3.2 Extraction of laterite as in item 3.1, in
this case for the road base 15cm thick
m3
3.3 Road surfacing as follows: priming
grade with 1.3kg/m2 cut back bitumen 0/1,
first grade 1.3kg cut-back bitumen 400/600
and 151 stone chips 10/20 per m2, second
grade: 1 kg cut-back bitumen 400/600 and
15 L stone chips 5/10 per m2 including all
suppliers, laying and compacting
m2
3.4 Priming grade with 1.3 kg/m2 cut-back
bitumen 0/1 on shoulders
m2
158000
75
11850000
0
0
11850000
0
0
0
685000
35
23975000
0
0
23975000
0
0
0
100000
45
4500000
0
0
4500000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
47045000
4.0 Miscellaneous
4.1 Blinding concrete 150kg cement, 5 cm
thick
m3
4.2 Reinforced concrete 350 kg cement for
box culverts. The surface of the sloping
invert to be quite smooth
m3
155
100
15500
0
15500
1520
140
212800
0
212800
0
0
0
0
4.3 Wrought formwork for item 4.2
4.4 reinforcing in Tor steel for reinforced
components
4.5 Pipes in reinforcing concrete with vaults
and finishing joints, including formwork
4.5.a Internal diameter 60 cm; thickness 6
cm
4.5.b Internal diameter 80 cm ; thickness
8 cm
4.5.c Internal diameter 100 cm; thickness
10 cm
4.6 Pipe ends in reinforced concrete,
including formwork
m2
10500
18
189000
0
0
189000
0
0
0
kg
125000
1.2
150000
0
0
150000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.6.a Internal diameter 60 cm
m1
260
35
9100
0
0
0
0
9100
0
m1
960
45
43200
0
0
0
0
43200
0
m1
1250
65
81250
0
0
0
0
81250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
U
40
13
520
0
0
0
0
520
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 67 of 64)
4.6.b Internal diameter 80 cm
U
140
14
1960
0
0
0
0
1960
0
4.6.c Internal diameter 100 cm
U
160
16
2560
0
0
0
0
2560
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
705890
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Nigeria; Project Type: Metallic Road: Year 1985
Site Work
Sum
System Weight
(%)
Substructure
SuperStructure
Mechanical
Equipment
Electrical
Equipment
Underground
Utility
6975000
16292300
47384000
0
138590
0
9.853102
23.01501
66.93611
0
0.195777
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 68 of 64)
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Bungalow: Year 1985
Item specification
Unit
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Site
Work
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
BILL OF QUANTITIES
1.0 Earth work
1.1 Bush clearance on building site,
loading and transportation to bumping
ground 1Km away
1.2 Stripping of top soil to an average
depth of 20cm, transport and piling
upon worksite up to 300m away
1.3 Trench excavation, loading and
piling upon worksite up to 300m away
1.4 Loading and transport of soil
stocked on work site for filling around
foundations and compacting
1.5 Loading and transport of soil
stocked on work site for ramming under
slabs
m2
178
3
534
534
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m2
178
4.5
801
89
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
16.3
20
326
0
65.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
8
10
80
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
38
10
380
95
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2121
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
2.0 Concrete and reinforced
concrete
2.1 Blinding concrete (150 kg cement),
50 m thick
m3
1.4
125
175
0
140
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.2 Foundation in concrete, strip
4.1
200
820
0
820
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 69 of 64)
footings, at 250 kg cement, 40cm wide
and 15 cm thick, including formwork (5
m2/m3)
2.3 Reinforce around patio and below
reinforced concrete partitions (350 kg
cement)
m3
2.4 Reinforced concrete (350kg cement)
for anchorages, lintels and uprights 20
cm *15cm, including formwork (13.35
m2/,3)
m3
2.5 Reinforced concrete (250 kg
cement) for slabs, 8cm thick, floor
slopped to allow drain off to waste
outlets or exterior
m2
2.6 Reinforced Tor steel for various
reinforced concrete Units
Kg
Total
Item specification
3.0 Masonry
3.1 Sub-basement stonework in solid
building blocks 20cm thick
3.2 Masonry in hollow building blocks
15cm thick for walls
3.3 Masonry in hollow blocks, 10cm
thick for partitions
Unit
1.55
250
387.5
0
0
1860
0
0
0
0
0
2
250
500
0
0
600
0
0
0
0
0
139
95 13205
0
0
1529
0
0
0
0
0
1000
12 12000
0
0
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sum 27087.5
Unit Total Site
Quantity price price Work
m2
42
m2
154
m2
66
Total
4.2 Tyrolian plaster on outer walls
m2
4.3 Incorporated cement screed, smooth
and rough finishes, 2cm thick
m2
4.4 Floor covering in thermoplastic vinyl
Dalflex tiles
m2
0
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3360
0
840
0
0
0
0
0
0
80 12320
0
0
2156
0
0
0
0
0
70
4620
0
0
0
0
792
0
0
0
20300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
80
Sum
4.0 Wall floor coverings and
plastering
4.1 Floated interior plaster finish, Total
thickness 2cm on all visible parts of
masonry, anchorages, lintels, etc..
m2
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
310
30
9300
0
0
0
0
0
930
0
0
110
35
3850
0
0
0
0
0
550
0
0
55
35
1925
0
0
0
0
0
247.5
0
0
32
75
2400
0
0
0
0
0
448
0
0
4.5 Vitrified clay tiles 2 * 2 cm floors
m2
85
75
6375
0
0
0
0
0
3400
0
0
4.6 Vitrified clay tiles 2 *2 cm on walls
4.7 Dalflex type skirting boards 8 cm
high
4.8 Skirting in 2*2 cm vitrified clay tiles
to height of 8cm
4.9 Stoneware tiles 15*15 cm on
draining area
m2
16
75
1200
0
0
0
0
0
640
0
0
m1
38
35
1330
0
0
0
0
0
133
0
0
m1
46
35
1610
0
0
0
0
0
184
0
0
m2
1
50
50
0
0
0
0
0
60
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 70 of 64)
Total
sum
5.0 Frame work roofing and ceiling
5.1 Framework of undressed red timber
with two coats of creosote
m3
5.2 Barge boards 2*25 cm treated with
two coats of creosote
m1
5.3 Plywood 5 mm thick for ceiling work
skeleton, including small wooden joists
and braces
m2
122
5.4 Aluminium pantile roofing 6/10ths
194
m2
Total
28040
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1800
0
0
0
420
0
0
0
0
450
0
0
0
96 11712
0
0
0
0
1830
0
0
0
150 29100
2 18000 36000
60
7
0
0
0
6790
0
0
0
0
77232
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 15000 15000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 7500
0
0
0
150
0
0
0
0
sum
6.0 Joinery
6.1 Double entrance door, rebated and
louvred, 2*2.115 m in red timber, with
solid breast 0.7m high like French
window, night latch
U
Item specification
Unit
6.2 Single entrance door, rebated and
louvered 0.93*2.115 m in red timber,
with solid breast 0.7m high, night latch. U
6.3 louvred windows in red timber a) 2
* 1.1m b) 1.6 * 1.1 m
U
6.4 Louvred sashes in red timber 1.4 *
0.6 m
U
6.5 Glazed windows 1.6 * 1.1m
comprising NACO type sashes on red
timber frame, double glazed with 3.2mm
tinted glass
U
7500
Unit Total
Quantity price price
1 7000
Site
Work
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
7000
0
0
0
70
0
0
0
0
3 5600 16800
0
0
0
180
0
0
0
0
2 2700
5400
0
0
0
70
0
0
0
0
2 5600 11200
0
0
0
400
0
0
0
0
6.6 Flush rebated interior doors
U
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.6. a) 0.63 * 2.115
U
3 4700 14100
0
0
0
0
390
0
0
0
6.6.b ) 0.83 * 2.115
U
6.7 Kitchen cupboard 0.9*0.7*2.6m with
4 shelves in plywood 22mm thick
U
6.8 Bedroom cupboards 2*.15*2.6m
with three separate doors. In two parts
hanging cupboard with one high shelf
and rail and the other half
U
comprising four shelves in 15mm
plywood, 15mm plywood partition.
4 6250 25000
0
0
0
0
580
0
0
0
1 15000 15000
0
0
0
0
0
295
0
0
3 10000 30000
0
0
0
0
0
1500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
7.0 Painting
sum
147000
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 71 of 64)
7.1 Alum whitewash, 3 coatings, on all
visible surfaces of exterior masonry and
anchorages
m2
7.2 Interior vinyl paint on all interior
walls and partitions
m2
7.3 Vinyl paint on ceiling
7.4 Glycerophthalic paint for exterior
and interior joinery, including barge
boards. With glazed and louvered
windows, the surface of the
193
12
2316
0
0
0
0
0
579
0
0
247
12
2964
0
0
0
0
0
741
0
0
m2
122
12
1464
0
0
0
0
0
366
0
0
m2
111
32
3552
0
0
0
0
0
444
0
0
10296
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
300
0
window opening to be counted twice
Total
8.0 Plumbing and sanitary
installation
8.1 Stoneware sink 1.2*.6m, two bowls,
including pipes for cold hot water
supply, waste outlets, taps, connection
to the vertical or horizontal pipes
P
sum
1
850
850
and cupboard under the sink
Item specification
Unit
8.2 Vitreous China standard toilet pan,
including flushing cistern, connection
and draining off
P
8.3 Floor-fixed bidet in vitreous china,
including taps, connection with hot and
cold water, draining off
P
8.4 Wash basin on wall bracket in
enamelled cast iron, chromed taps,
cabinet with one vitreous china ledge,
one towel rack in chrome-plated metal P
with two fixed rails and a mirror
60*40cm, connection with cold and hot
water, including draining off
8.5 Shower tray in glazed fireclay fitted
with a mixer tap, a shower riser pipe
with threaded rings, an adjustable spray
nozzle, all fittings in chrome-plated
P
copper, cold and hot water supply
8.6 Interior horizontal pipes dia.10cm,
comprising PVC sewer pipes and
accessories.
8.7 Interior piping diameter 5cm in
PVC, including accessories
8.8 Rainwater down pipe diameter
m1
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Site
Work
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
1
800
800
0
0
0
0
0
0
200
0
2
750
1500
0
0
0
0
0
0
420
0
2
850
1700
0
0
0
0
0
0
480
0
2 3000
6000
0
0
0
0
0
0
400
0
300
0
0
0
0
0
0
120
0
20
15
m1
6
10
60
0
0
0
0
0
0
27
0
m1
10
15
150
0
0
0
0
0
0
85
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 72 of 64)
10cm, comprising pipes for drainage of
rainwater from the gutter to the
horizontal pipes in PVC
8.9 Cold water supply, comprising
connection to mains in street, 15m of
DN 25 galvanized steel pipe, 2 ND 25
stopcocks and 10m of DN 15 pipe in
P
galvanized steel. Installed with
detachable rings
8.10 Hot water supply comprising 12m
of copper DN 15 pipe and 10m of DN 10
including 13mm mineral wool insulation P
8.11 Storage water heater in galvanized
steel, capacity 75 litres connection to
electric mains. Cold and hot water
supply
P
1 2500
2500
1 2500
2500
Item specification
sum
Unit
0
0
0
0
0
450
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2240
1 12000 12000
Total
9.0 Electricity
9.1 Individual customer branches, U
220-380 4*10 cable, attached to 2-piece
clamps
m1
0
7
25
28360
175
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Site
Work
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
9.2 Distribution panel, in steel housing,
protective equipment, accessories and
interior ducts comprising telebreaker,
triple pole switch 63A, 10 single pole
16 power switches and 1 transformer
220/12V 50Hz
P
9.3 Equipment
9.3.a Supply lines and ducts for the
entire house, including cables
m1
1 18000 18000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
580
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
600
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
96
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
20
9.3.b Equipment
1 Single on/off switch
P
16
15
240
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
168
2 Two-way switch
P
9
20
180
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
94.5
3 Light bulb holders
P
12
20
240
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
390
4 Sockets: 2*10A + earth
P
9
100
900
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
72
5 Sockets: 3*16A + earth
P
3
100
300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
6 Junction box
P
1
150
150
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
368
9.3.c NYM cable
1 NYM cable, 3*1.5*1.5
m1
115
10
1150
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 73 of 64)
2 NYM cable, 4*1.5*1.5
m1
25
12
300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
80
3 NYM cable, 5*2.5*2.5
m1
9.4 Front door bell, complete installation P
9.5 Piping for radio and TV aerial with
10m PVC conduits
P
9.6 Piping for telephone with 10m PVC
conduits
P
9.7 Earthing according to normal
practice
m1
9.8 Individual earth branch, insulated
cable in duct, from connector to
customer pane, 1*16
m1
30
15
450
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
145.5
1
250
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
32.5
1
250
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
55
1
250
250
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
65
300 16500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
247.5
300
2100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
56
42035
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
55
7
Total
sum
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Bungalow: Year 1985
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Substructure
Superstructure
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
718
1885.2
7345
7660
5842
10517.5
2482
4729
0.187727
0.4929
1.920407
2.002766
1.527436
2.749882
0.648938
1.236434
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 74 of 64)
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Primary School: Year 1985
Item Specifications
Unit
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Site
Work Substructure Superstructure
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrical
BILL OF QUNATITIES
1.0 Earthwork
1.1 Scrub clearance on work site,
loading transport to dumping ground 1
km away
m2
1.2 Stripping of topsoil to average depth
of 20 cm
m2
1.3 Excavation for trenches, loading and
piling up of work site up to 300 m away m3
1.4 Loading and transport of soil
stocked on work site for filling around
foundations and compacting
m3
1.5 Loading and transport of soil
stocked on work for remaining under
slab
m3
Total
2.0 Drainage
1140
3
3420
570
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1140
4.5
5130
570
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
445.3
20
8906
0
2226.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
265
10
2650
927.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
120
10
1200
360
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21306
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 75 of 64)
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Site
Work Substructure Superstructure
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
Item Specifications
2.1 Plastic piping, including elbow and
T-joints etc.. For draining off waste
water
Unit
M&P Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1.a Diameter 100 mm
m1
105
40
4200
630
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1.b Diameter 125 mm
m1
2.2 Manholes outside buildings, section
0.6*0.6m and 0.8m deep, in solid
building block masonry 15 cm thick,
plastered on inside
U
30
45
1350
210
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3 2000
6000
450
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11550
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
with concrete cover, 10 cm thick.
Total
3.0 Concrete and reinforced
concrete
3.1 blinding concrete, 5 cm thick
m3
3.2 Foundations concrete in strip
footings 40cm wide and 15cm thick,
including formwork
m3
3.3 Reinforcement under partitions in
reinforced concrete
m3
3.4 Reinforced concrete for anchorages,
lintels and upright, section 15*20 cm,
including formwork
m3
3.5 Reinforced concrete at 250 kg
cement for concrete slab 8 cm thick,
floor to be sloped so as to allow draining
off to waste outlets
m2
3.6 Reinforced in Tor steel for various
reinforced concrete components
kg
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5.16
125
645
0
516
0
0
0
0
0
0
15.48
200
3096
0
3096
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.25
250 312.5
0
0
375
0
0
0
0
0
23.25
250 5812.5
0
0
6975
0
0
0
0
0
790
95 75050
0
0
7900
0
0
0
0
0
5800
12 69600
0
0
6960
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
4.0 Masonry
4.1 Sub-basement masonry on solid
building blocks 20cm thick
4.2 Hollow building block masonry 15
cm thick for walls
4.3 Hollow building block masonry 10
cm thick for partitions
Total
154516
m2
206
80 16480
0
0
3708
0
0
0
0
0
m2
683
80 54640
0
0
9903.5
0
0
0
0
0
m2
296
70 20720
0
0
3552
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
91840
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 76 of 64)
Item Specifications
Unit
5.0 Wall floor coverings and
plastering
5.1 Floated interior plaster covering
Total thickness 2 cm, on all visible parts
of masonry, anchorages, lintels etc..
m2
5.2 Tyrolian plaster on exterior walls
m2
5.3 incorporated cement screed, smooth
and rough finishes, 2 cm thick
m2
5.4 Vitrified clay tile floor covering 2*2
cm
m2
5.5 Vitrified clay skirting boards 2*2 cm
and 8 cm high
m1
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30 37500
0
0
0
0
0
3750
0
0
755
35 26425
0
0
0
0
0
3775
0
0
554
35 19390
0
0
0
0
0
1662
0
0
236
75 17700
0
0
0
0
0
8260
0
0
315
35 11025
0
0
0
0
0
1417.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
112040
m3
19.5 18000 351000
0
0
0
17550
0
0
0
0
m1
200
1400
0
0
0
1200
0
0
0
0
m2
790
96 75840
0
0
0
7900
0
0
0
0
m2
975
150 146250
0
0
0
34125
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
7.0 Joinery
7.1 Louvred rebates double entrance
doors 1.8*2.75 m in red timber wood,
with solid breast 0.7m high, like French
windows, of 0.55, high
7.2 Louvred rebated double entrance
doors 1.5*2.9 m in red timber, with
solid breasts 0.7 m high
7.3 Louvred windows in red timber
0.75* 0.50
7.4 Windows in red timber, 180*1.8 m ,
in four sections. Lower half: 2 sashes
0.9m wide and 1.25 m high with
adjustable glass panes upper half has 2
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
1250
Total
6.0 Frame work roofing and ceiling
work
6.1 Rough wooden framework, treated
with two coats of creosote
6.2 Barge boards 2*25 cm, treated with
two coats of creosote
6.3 Plywood 5 mm thick for ceilings and
framework, including small wooden
joists and braces
6.4 Roofing in aluminum pantiles
6/19th thick
Site
Work Substructure Superstructure
7
574490
U
6 15000 90000
0
0
0
1500
0
0
0
0
U
3 12000 36000
0
0
0
690
0
0
0
0
U
40
800 32000
0
0
0
2400
0
0
0
0
U
42 5000 210000
0
0
0
6300
0
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 77 of 64)
Item Specifications
sashes 0.9m wide 0.55 m high
Unit
7.5 Windows in red timber 150*1.2m, in
two parts set one above the other, with
adjustable glass panes
U
Unit Total
Quantity price price
8 3000 24000
7.6Iinternal flush doors
Site
Work Substructure Superstructure
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
0
0
0
1440
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.6.a 0.63* 2.115
U
30 2000 60000
0
0
0
0
1050
0
0
0
7.6.b 0.83 * 2.2
U
6 3000 18000
0
0
0
0
240
0
0
0
470000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9060
0
0
0
0
0
2265
0
0
12 15000
0
0
0
0
0
5625
0
0
Total
8.0 Painting
8.1 Three coats of alum whitewash on
all visible surfaces of exterior masonry
and anchorages
8.2 Interior vinyl paint on all interior
walls and partitions
m2
755
12
m2
1250
8.3 Vinyl paint on coatings
m2
8.4 Glycerophthalic paint on interior and
exterior wooden joinery including barge
boards
m2
790
12
9480
0
0
0
0
0
3555
0
0
560
32 17920
0
0
0
0
0
2520
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
800 20800
0
0
0
0
0
0
9100
0
4
800
3200
0
0
0
0
0
0
1200
0
18
500
9000
0
0
0
0
0
0
4500
0
4
650
2600
0
0
0
0
0
0
800
0
8
850
6800
0
0
0
0
0
0
4400
0
1 2500
2500
0
0
0
0
0
0
760
0
Total
9.0 Plumbing sanitary installation
9.1 Eastern-type toilet pan in enamelled
stoneware on concrete base pointed
with rich mortar cast iron flushing
cistern, capacity 10 liters,
P
9.2 Standard toilet pan in vitreous china
including flushing cistern, toilet paper
fixture, connection and draining off
P
9.3 Syphon- action wall-hung vitreous
china urinal, push-button flush valve
and flushing pipe in chrome-plated
copper, outlet in chrome-plated copper P
9.4 Enamelled cast-iron hand basin on
wall brackets, 0.6*0.5 m, chrome-plated
cold water tap with mirror 0.6*0.4 m ,
one towel-rack in chrome-plated
P
9.5 Washroom with basins, with three
mirrors 0.6*0.4 m and three hooks for
towels, connection and draining off
P
9.6 Cold water supply connection to
street mains, 20 m of DN 40 pipe in
steel, 50 m of DN 32 pipe, 75 m DN 20 P
51460
26
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 78 of 64)
Item Specifications
and 2 DN 40 stop cocks, 3 DN 20 stop
valves
Unit
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Site
Work Substructure Superstructure
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 20000 20000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
700
1 20000 20000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
850
1 25000 25000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
800
Total
44900
10.0 Electricity
10.1 Distribution panel in black steel
housing with gloss paint, protection type
IP 54, cable NYCWY 4*25/16 mm2, bus
bars 100A, power switch 3*63 A, 9*16
A, 1*20 A
P
10.2 Panel in steel housing, under
plaster, protection type: IP 43, bus bars:
63A, switch: 63A, circuit breakers
12*16A
P
10.3 Earth connection comprising
anchorages, coupling loops and
distribution network
P
10.4 Cables for supply lines to
distribution panels NYM 5*16 mm2
m1
Exterior
Shell/Envelope
80
10
800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10.5 Cables for installation of sockets
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10.5. a) 1 5* 6 mm2 NYM
m1
30
8
240
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
240
10.5 b) 3* 2.5 mm2 NYM
m1
230
8
1840
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1380
10.5 c) 4*1.5 mm2 NYM
m1
20
8
160
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
90
10.5 d) 3* 1.5 mm2 NYM
m1
320
8
2560
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
960
10.6 Socket 16A 250 volts
P
40
60
2400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
300
10.7 Two way switch
P
18
35
630
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
180
10.8 Single on /off switch
P
20
35
700
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
74330
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 79 of 64)
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Primary School: Year 1985
Exterior
Site Work Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
3717.5
5838.5
39373.5
73105
1290
32829.5
20760
5800
0.231413
0.363445
2.450991
4.550768
0.080302
2.043628
1.292305
0.361049
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 80 of 64)
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Metallic Road: Year 1985
Unit
Item Specification
Unit Quantity price
1.0. Drainage of ground and other
work
1.1 Providing and installation of 10 cm
diameter plastic perforated underground
pipe to a depth of 1.0m including transport
25 km public road
m
100
155
1.2 Providing, placing and compacting of
sandy gravel 5/15 mm into drainage
trenches up to 5 cm above the top of
tubes transport 5 km
m3
16
300
1.3 Providing placing and compacting of
sandy gravel 15/55 mm into drainage
trenches transport 5 km
m3
120
300
1.4 Paving of drainage trenches with
precast concrete tiles 30*30*5 cm put in a
bed of mortar of 3 cm and a layer of 15
cm concrete No.1 joints have to be closed
with mortar transport 5 km
m2
320
475
Total
2.0. Pavement Works
2.1 Road base providing, placing and
compacting of pebble gravel diameter 8/60
Total
Price
400
350
Substructure Superstructure Mechanical Equipment
Electrical
Equipment
Underground
Utility
0
0
0
0
0
0
15500
0
0
0
0
0
15500
4800
0
0
0
0
0
4800
36000
0
0
0
0
0
36000
152000
0
0
0
0
0
152000
0
0
0
0
0
208300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
140000
0
0
0
0
208300
m3
Site
Work
140000
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 81 of 64)
mm, two Layers 20 cm thick %95 modified
Proctor. Transport 5 km
2.2 Providing , placing and compacting of
gravel 35 mm for shoulders layers 10 cm
thick transport 5 km
2.3 Bituminous binder 6 cm thick dense
bituminous base course including hauling
25 km
2.4 Bituminous wearing course 4 cm thick,
including hauling 25 km
2.5 On shoulders bituminous emulsion
with chippings
Total
m3
30
225
6750
0
6750
0
0
0
0
m2
743.75
80
59500
0
59500
0
0
0
0
m2
700
65
45500
0
0
45500
0
0
0
m2
300
45
13500
265250
0
13500
59000
0
0
206250
0
0
0
0
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Metallic Road: Year 1985
Site Work
Sum
System Weight
(%)
Substructure
Superstructure
Mechanical Equipment
Electrical
Equipment
Underground
Utility
0
80250
59000
0
0
208300
0
15.62652127
11.48865738
0
0
40.56080226
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 82 of 64)
0
0
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Bridge System: Year 1985
Item Specification
1.0 Earth work
1.1 Large scale mechanical excavation
for cuts, up to a depth of 3m, loading
and piling upon work site, up to a
distance of 300m
1.2 Mechanical excavation in rocks
1.3 Loading and transport of soil,
stocked on work site, for fillings of cuts
after work's realization, placing in 20 cm
thick layer and compacting
1.4 Providing, placing and compacting in
20cm thick layer of appropriate soil for
fillings of cuts and abutments after
work's realization, transport 5 km
Unit
Quantity
Unit
price
Total
Price
Site
Work
Substructure Superstructure Mechanical Equipment
Electrical
Equipment
Underground
Utility
m3
53
50
2650
0
2650
0
0
0
0
m3
100
250
25000
0
25000
0
0
0
0
m3
153
20
3060
3060
0
0
0
0
0
m3
605
30
18150
18150
0
0
0
0
0
21210
27650
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7860
0
0
7860
0
0
0
Total
48860
2.0. Reinforcement
3.1 Supply, Cut, bend and fix mild steel
reinforcement diameter. 10 mm
kg
3.2 Diameter 12mm
3.3 Diameter 16 mm
3.4 Diameter 20 mm
655
12
kg
153
12
1836
0
0
1836
0
0
0
kg
5390
12
64680
0
0
64680
0
0
0
kg
3025
12
36300
0
0
36300
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 83 of 64)
Item Specification
3.5 Diameter 25 mm
3.6 Supply, cut, bend and fix stainless
steel reinforcement 18/8 – diameter 20
mm
Unit
Quantity
Unit
price
kg
4964
12
kg
114
25
Total
3.0 Water Proofing
3.1 Provide and place horizontal heavy
duty bitumen water proof membrane.
Include for priming coat, corners and
laying to chases
3.2 Provide, place and fix joint filler
20mm thick to expansion joints at central
pier and along cover slabs for beam and
parapet ends as detailed. Include for
trimming and paring of same to suit joint
3.3 Provide and place 2*1.2 cm
polysulphide sealant to expansion joints
at ends of bridge deck, central pier and
along slabs for beam and parapet ends
3.4 Provide and place 28 cm wide
banded rubber deck flashing as specified
3.5 Provide and place layers of sand
asphalt over bibuthene on roadway;
thickness 12 cm transport 25 km.
Total
Total
Price
Site
Work
Substructure Superstructure Mechanical Equipment
59568
0
0
Electrical
Equipment
Underground
Utility
59568
0
0
0
2850
0
0
2850
0
0
0
173094
0
0
173094
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m2
235
200
47000
m2
19
250
4750
m2
20
40
800
0
0
1320
0
0
0
m2
33
40
1320
0
0
1980
0
0
0
m2
235
75
17625
71495
0
210
3510
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 84 of 64)
0
0
0
0
0
0
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Bridge System: Year 1985
Site Work
Sum
System Weight
(%)
Substructure
Superstructure
Mechanical
Equipment
Electrical
Equipment
Underground
Utility
21210
27650
176604
0
0
0
4.113638039
5.36266345
34.2520006
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 85 of 64)
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Concrete Road System: Year 1985
Item Specification
1.0. Earthwork
1.1Stripping topsoil medium thickness
15 cm, transport and piling up of topsoil
on work site up to a distance of 300 m
1.2 Mechanical excavation on large
surface for leveling on ground, loading
and piling on work site, up to a distance
of 300m, average depth of 1.3m
1.3 Mechanical excavation of drains and
inspections pits hole up to a depth of
2.5m, loading and piling up on work site,
up to a distance of 300m
1.4 Leveling of grader of bottom of cuts,
compacting to proctor density 95% of
simple proctor
1.5 Correcting mechanically sloping walls
of cuts
1.6 Loading and transport of soil,
stocked on work site, for fillings of cuts
after work realization placing in 20cm
thick layer and compacting
1.7 Loading and transport of topsoil and
spreading in 20 cm thick layer
1.8 Seeding top soil including raking,
light compacting and good moistening of
Unit
Unit Quantity price
Total
Price
Site
Work Substructure SuperStructure
Electrical
Equipment
Mechanical Equipment
Underground
Utility
m3
300
12
3600
3600
0
0
0
0
0
m3
2450
11
26950
26950
0
0
0
0
0
m3
112
13
1456
0
1456
0
0
0
0
m2
1500
3
4500
0
4500
0
0
0
0
m2
600
1.5
900
0
900
0
0
0
0
m3
96
15
1440
0
1440
0
0
0
0
m2
740
7
5180
5180
0
0
0
0
0
m2
740
9
6660
6660
0
0
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 86 of 64)
surfaces
Total
2.0. Surfacing Work
3.1 Supply and placing of plastic
membrane
3.2 Supply and placing of sand stabilizer
with cement under road and shoulders
3.3 Concrete 30 cm thick reinforced with
metal fibers under the road and
shoulders
3.4 Concrete bearing course 23 cm thick
in slab 3.5*6 m
3.5 Class 2 concrete 15 cm thick for
shoulders
3.6 Expansion joints
Total
50686
42390
8296
0
0
0
0
m2
1000
15
15000
0
0
15000
0
0
0
m3
330
320
105600
0
0
105600
0
0
0
m3
1000
1400
1400000
0
0
1400000
0
0
0
m2
700
340
238000
0
0
238000
0
0
0
m2
300
210
63000
0
0
63000
0
0
0
m
466
25
11650
1833250
0
11650
1833250
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 87 of 64)
0
0
0
0
0
0
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: Pakistan; Project Type: Concrete Road System: Year 1985
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Substructure
SuperStructure
Mechanical
Equipment
Electrical
Equipment
Underground
Utility
42390
8296
1833250
0
0
0
2.203296
0.431199
95.28643
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 88 of 64)
Example for System Weight Calculations
Country: India; Project Type: Bungalow: Year 2005
Item specification
Unit
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Site
Work
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
BILL OF QUANTITIES
1.0 Earth work
1.1 Bush clearance on building site,
loading and transportation to dumping
ground 1Km away
1.2 Stripping of top soil to an average
depth of 20cm, transport and piling
upon worksite up to 300m away
1.3 Trench excavation, loading and
piling upon worksite up to 300m away
1.4 Loading and transport of soil
stocked on work site for filling around
foundations and compacting
1.5 Loading and transport of soil
stocked on work site for ramming under
slabs
m2
178
15
2670
2670
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m2
178
18
3204
3204
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
16.3
285 4645.5
0
4645.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
8
185
1480
0
1480
0
0
0
0
0
0
m3
38
185
7030
7030
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sum 19029.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
2.0 Concrete and reinforced
concrete
2.1 Blinding concrete (150 kg cement),
50 m thick
m3
2.2 Foundation in concrete, strip
footings, at 250 kg cement, 40cm wide
and 15 cm thick, including formwork (5
m2/m3)
m3
2.3 Reinforce around patio and below
reinforced concrete partitions (350 kg
cement)
m3
2.4 Reinforced concrete (350kg cement)
for anchorages, lintels and uprights 20
cm *15cm, including formwork (13.35
m2/,3)
m3
2.5 Reinforced concrete (250 kg
cement) for slabs, 8cm thick, floor
slopped to allow drain off to waste
outlets or exterior
m2
2.6 Reinforced Tor steel for various
reinforced concrete Units
Kg
1.4
285
399
0
399
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.1
200
820
0
820
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.55 3500
5425
0
0
5425
0
0
0
0
0
2 3500
7000
0
0
7000
0
0
0
0
0
139
600 83400
0
0
83400
0
0
0
0
0
1000
36 36000
0
0
36000
0
0
0
0
0
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 89 of 64)
Item specification
Unit
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Total
3.0 Masonry
3.1 Sub-basement stonework in solid
building blocks 20cm thick
3.2 Masonry in hollow building blocks
15cm thick for walls
3.3 Masonry in hollow blocks, 10cm
thick for partitions
Sum
133044
Site
Work
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
m2
42
250 10500
0
10500
0
0
0
0
0
0
m2
154
550 84700
0
0
84700
0
0
0
0
0
m2
66
450 29700
0
0
0
0
29700
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Sum
4.0 Wall floor coverings and
plastering
4.1 Floated interior plaster finish, Total
thickness 2cm on all visible parts of
masonry, anchorages, lintels, etc..
m2
4.2 Tyrolian plaster on outer walls
m2
4.3 Incorporated cement screed, smooth
and rough finishes, 2cm thick
m2
4.4 Floor covering in thermoplastic vinyl
Dalflex tiles
m2
124900
310
110 34100
0
0
0
0
0
34100
0
0
110
150 16500
0
0
0
0
0
16500
0
0
55
105
5775
0
0
0
0
0
5775
0
0
32
95
3040
0
0
0
0
0
3040
0
0
4.5 Vitrified clay tiles 2 * 2 cm floors
m2
85
85
7225
0
0
0
0
0
7225
0
0
4.6 Vitrified clay tiles 2 *2 cm on walls
4.7 Dalflex type skirting boards 8 cm
high
4.8 Skirting in 2*2 cm vitrified clay tiles
to height of 8cm
4.9 Stoneware tiles 15*15 cm on
draining area
m2
16
95
1520
0
0
0
0
0
1520
0
0
m1
38
25
950
0
0
0
0
0
950
0
0
m1
46
25
1150
0
0
0
0
0
1150
0
0
m2
1
125
125
0
0
0
0
0
125
0
0
70385
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
sum
5.0 frame work roofing and ceiling
5.1 Framework of undressed red timber
with two coats of creosote
m3
5.2 Barge boards 2*25 cm treated with
two coats of creosote
m1
5.3 Plywood 5 mm thick for ceiling work
skeleton, including small wooden joists
and braces
m2
5.4 Aluminium pantile roofing 6/10ths
Total frame work roofing and ceiling
m2
2
900
1800
0
0
0
0
1800
0
0
0
60
7.5
450
0
0
0
0
450
0
0
0
122
15
1830
0
0
0
0
1830
0
0
0
194
35
6790
0
0
0
6790
0
0
0
0
10870
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
sum
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 90 of 64)
Item specification
Unit
6.0 Joinery
6.1 Double entrance door, rebated and
louvered, 2*2.115 m in red timber, with
solid breast 0.7m high like French
window, night latch
U
6.2 Single entrance door, rebated and
louvered 0.93*2.115 m in red timber,
with solid breast 0.7m high, night latch. U
6.3 Louvred windows in red timber a) 2
* 1.1m b) 1.6 * 1.1 m
U
6.4 Louvred sashes in red timber 1.4 *
0.6 m
U
6.5 Glazed windows 1.6 * 1.1m
comprising NACO type sashes on red
timber frame, double glazed with 3.2mm
tinted glass
U
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Site
Work
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 2000
2000
0
0
0
2000
0
0
0
0
1 1500
1500
0
0
0
1500
0
0
0
0
3
575
1725
0
0
0
1725
0
0
0
0
2
385
770
0
0
0
770
0
0
0
0
2
200
400
0
0
0
400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.6 Flush rebated interior doors
U
6.6. a) 0.63 * 2.115
U
3
385
1155
0
0
0
0
1155
0
0
0
6.6.b ) 0.83 * 2.115
U
6.7 Kitchen cupboard 0.9*0.7*2.6m with
4 shelves in plywood 22mm thick
U
6.8 Bedroom cupboards 2*.15*2.6m
with three separate doors. In two parts
hanging cupboard with one high shelf
and rail and the other half
U
comprising four shelves in 15mm
plywood, 15mm plywood partition.
4
825
3300
0
0
0
0
3300
0
0
0
1
325
325
0
0
0
0
0
325
0
0
3 1500
4500
0
0
0
0
0
4500
0
0
sum
15675
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
7.0 Painting
7.1 Alum whitewash, 3 coatings, on all
visible surfaces of exterior masonry and
anchorages
m2
7.2 Interior vinyl paint on all interior
walls and partitions
m2
7.3 Vinyl paint on ceiling
7.4 Glycerophthalic paint for exterior
and interior joinery, including barge
boards. With glazed and louvered
windows, the surface of the
193
105 20265
0
0
0
0
0
20265
0
0
247
250 61750
0
0
0
0
0
61750
0
0
m2
122
295 35990
0
0
0
0
0
35990
0
0
m2
111
385 42735
0
0
0
0
0
42735
0
0
160740
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
window opening to be counted twice
Total
8.0 Plumbing and sanitary
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 91 of 64)
Item specification
installation
Unit
8.1 Stoneware sink 1.2*.6m, two bowls,
including pipes for cold hot water
supply, waste outlets, taps, connection
to the vertical or horizontal pipes
P
and cupboard under the sink
8.2 Vitreous China standard toilet pan,
including flushing cistern, connection
and draining off
P
8.3 Floor-fixed bidet in vitreous china,
including taps, connection with hot and
cold water, draining off
P
8.4 Wash basin on wall bracket in
enamelled cast iron, chromed taps,
cabinet with one vitreous china ledge,
one towel rack in chrome-plated metal P
with two fixed rails and a mirror
60*40cm, connection with cold and hot
water, including draining off
8.5 Shower tray in glazed fireclay fitted
with a mixer tap, a shower riser pipe
with threaded rings, an adjustable spray
nozzle, all fittings in chrome-plated
P
copper, cold and hot water supply
8.6 Interior horizontal pipes dia.10cm,
comprising PVC sewer pipes and
accessories.
m1
8.7 Interior piping diameter 5cm in
PVC, including accessories
m1
8.8 Rainwater down pipe dia.10cm,
comprising pipes for drainage of
rainwater from the gutter to the
horizontal pipes in PVC
m1
8.9 Cold water supply, comprising
connection to mains in street, 15m of
DN 25 galvanized steel pipe, 2 ND 25
stopcocks and 10m of DN 15 pipe in
P
galvanized steel. Installed with
detachable rings
8.10 Hot water supply comprising 12m
of copper DN 15 pipe and 10m of DN 10
including 13mm mineral wool insulation P
8.11 Storage water heater in galvanized
steel, capacity 75 liters connection to
electric mains. Cold and hot water
supply
P
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Site
Work
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
1 2000
2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
2000
0
1 5500
5500
0
0
0
0
0
0
5500
0
2 4500
9000
0
0
0
0
0
0
9000
0
2 4500
9000
0
0
0
0
0
0
9000
0
2 8800 17600
0
0
0
0
0
0 17600
0
20
350
7000
0
0
0
0
0
0
7000
0
6
250
1500
0
0
0
0
0
0
1500
0
10
450
4500
0
0
0
0
0
0
4500
0
1
820
820
0
0
0
0
0
0
820
0
1
300
300
300
1 11000 11000
11000
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 92 of 64)
Item specification
Unit
Unit Total
Quantity price price
Total
Exterior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope
Interior
Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
68220
9.0 Electricity
9.1 Individual customer branches, U
220-380 4*10 cable, attached to 2-piece
clamps
m1
9.2 Distribution panel, in steel housing,
protective equipment, accessories and
interior ducts comprising telebreaker,
triple pole switch 63A, 10 single pole
P
16 power switches and 1
transformer 220/12V 50Hz
9.3 Equipment
9.3.a Supply lines and ducts for the
entire house, including cables
Site
Work
m1
P
2 Two-way switch
3 Light bulb holders
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7 1200
8400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8400
1 5500
5500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6790
0
0
0
22500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
192
30
750 22500
9.3.b Equipment
1 Single on/off switch
0
16
12
192
0
0
0
P
9
16
144
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
144
P
12
15
180
0
0
0
150
0
0
0
180
4 Sockets: 2*10A + earth
P
9
85
765
0
0
0
70
0
0
0
765
5 Sockets: 3*16A + earth
P
3
148
444
0
0
0
180
0
0
0
444
6 Junction box
P
1
45
45
0
0
0
70
0
0
0
45
0
0
0
400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3910
9.3.c NYM cable
1 NYM cable, 3*1.5*1.5
m1
115
34
3910
0
0
0
0
2 NYM cable, 4*1.5*1.5
m1
25
45
1125
0
0
0
0
390
0
0
1125
3 NYM cable, 5*2.5*2.5
m1
30
54
1620
0
0
0
0
3300
0
0
1620
9.4 Front door bell, complete installation P
9.5 Piping for radio and TV aerial with
10m PVC conduits
P
9.6 Piping for telephone with 10m PVC
conduits
P
9.7 Earthing according to normal
practice
m1
9.8 Individual earth branch, insulated
cable in duct, from connector to
customer pane, 1*16
m1
1
125
125
0
0
0
0
0
325
0
125
1
550
550
0
0
0
0
0
4500
0
550
1
550
550
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
550
500 27500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27500
175
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
175
73725
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
55
7
25
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 93 of 64)
Summary for System Weight Calculations
Country: India; Project Type: Bungalow: Year 2005
Site Work
Sum
System
Weight (%)
Exterior
Interior
Substructure Superstructure Shell/Envelope Partitions
Int/Ext
Finishes
M&P
Electrical
12904
17844.5
216525
20845
41925
240775
68220
73725
1.907215
2.637423
32.00247
3.080898
6.196529
35.58662
10.08294
10.89658
DRAFT-Internatio na l Comparison of Cost for the Con struction Sector by Walsh & Sawhney (P age 94 of 64)