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Linguistics (LINGUIST)
Professor Andrews (Slavic and Eurasian studies), Chair; Associate Professor Andresen (English), Director of
Undergraduate Studies; Professors O'Barr (cultural anthropology), Rosenberg (philosophy), Rubin (psychology),
and Thomas (romance studies); Associate Professors Day (psychology), Mazuka (psychology), and Rasmussen
(German); Assistant Professor Baran; Associate Professor of the Practice Walther (German); Assistant Professor of
the Practice Fellin; Adjunct Assistant Professor Keul (German). Affiliated faculty: Professors Brandon (philosophy),
Cooke (Asian and Middle Eastern Studies), Garci-Gómez (romance studies), and Rubin (psychology); Associate
Professor Güzeldere (philosophy); Assistant Professor Sterrett (philosophy); Professor of the Practice Tufts
(romance studies); Associate Professor of the Practice Kim (Asian and Middle Eastern Studies); Assistant Professor
of the Practice Paredes (romance studies)
A major or a minor is available in this program.
From the earliest philosophers to modern neuroscientists, researchers from a wide range of disciplines have
explored a diverse range of issues concerning the human capacity for language and the diversity of the world's
languages. Linguists work at the intersection of these issues and define linguistics as the science of language and
languages. During the last 150 years, linguists have developed a variety of theoretical paradigms to describe and
explain language history, dialect variation, cross-cultural similarities and differences, the neurological processing
and production of language, and the evolutionary emergence of language.
The linguistics major at Duke is unusual in its range of theoretical approaches coupled to the study of languages
of the world. The required courses for the major stress empirical methods and the global data base; the theory
courses expose the student to the perspectives offered by historical and comparative linguistics, structural
linguistics, generative linguistics, sociolinguistics, semiotics, discourse analysis, philosophy, cognitive linguistics
and psycholinguistics. The major maintains the traditional and mainstream body of linguistic inquiry and, at the
same time, encourages exploration of the most recent developments in language study that issue from cultural and
literary theory and the biological sciences.
112. Haitian Creole for the Recovery in Haiti. CZ One course. C-L: see French 112; also C-L: Latin American
Studies 103, African and African American Studies 106, Cultural Anthropology 146
124FS. Remembering Differently. CCI, CZ, SS The social construction of memory as seen in the different ways
"memory" has functioned in human language, culture and thought, including medical practices, time, group identity,
religion, law and ethics, performance, media new and old, and cultural mythologies. Includes readings from the
Sophists, Plato, Augustine, Matteo Ricci, Bergson, Proust, Freud, and non-Western sources like the Buddha and
Bilhana. Instructor: Liu. One course.
170. Advertising and Society: Global Perspective (DS4). CCI, SS One course. C-L: see Cultural Anthropology
170; also C-L: Sociology 360, Visual and Media Studies 246, Canadian Studies, Policy Journalism and Media
Studies, Women's Studies
170D. Advertising and Society: Global Perspective (DS4). CCI, SS One course. C-L: see Cultural Anthropology
170D; also C-L: Sociology 360D, Visual and Media Studies 246D
190A. Duke-Administered Study Abroad: Special Topics in Linguistics. CCI The study of linguistics and
languages on Duke-approved programs at foreign institutions of higher learning. Topics differ by section. Instructor:
Staff. One course.
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195FS. Focus Program Seminar on Linguistics. SS One course. C-L: see English 195FS
201. Introduction to Linguistics. CCI, SS Introduction to the scientific study of linguistics and languages. Topics
include the origin and nature of language, methods of historical and comparative linguistics, theories and schools of
linguistics, empirical and descriptive approaches to the study of language, including phonology, morphology,
semantics, and syntax. Instructor: Butters or Tetel. One course. C-L: International Comparative Studies
202. Languages of the World. CCI, SS The major languages of the world viewed in the context of the
communicative and significate functions of language as parameters that shape and define society. The role of
language in defining and structuring culturally-based relationships from a semiotic point of view. The structure,
writing systems, phonology, morphology, and lexicon of languages from the following groups: Indo-European,
Semitic, Turkic, Finno-Ugric, Caucasian, Afroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Niger-Kordofanian, Dravidian, and Native
American languages. Instructor: Andrews or Tetel. One course. C-L: Cultural Anthropology 202, Russian 362,
International Comparative Studies 210
203S. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. R, SS One course. C-L: see English 203S
204. English Historical Linguistics. SS One course. C-L: see English 204
205. The Law and Language. CCI, CZ, EI, SS Intersections of language and law and legal institutions examined
from a comparative approach, i.e., official state language and national identity; freedom of speech and its
limitations; language as property. One course. C-L: Cultural Anthropology 205
205FS. Language and the Law. CZ, EI, SS One course. C-L: see Slavic and Eurasian Studies 205FS
206. Variety in Language: English in the United States. CCI, SS One course. C-L: see English 206
207. Psychology of Language (C). R, SS One course. C-L: see Psychology 256
208. Philosophy of Mind. CZ, R One course. C-L: see Philosophy 212; also C-L: Visual and Media Studies 302,
Information Science and Information Studies
209. Philosophy of Language. CZ One course. C-L: see Philosophy 209
210FS. The Mind and Language. SS One course. C-L: see English 209FS
210S. The Mind and Language. SS One course. C-L: see English 209S
211FS. The Neuroscience of Reading & Language Comprehension. NS, R Examination of complex cognitive
functions involved in effective language comprehension that involve multiple layers of analysis (e.g., sounds, words,
syntax, discourse), and require extensive computational resources and processes afforded by the brain. Focus on
neural infrastructure that enables language comprehension. Consideration of clinical disorders that result in language
impairment such as semantic dementia and aphasia, and modern research technologies such as fMRI, EEG, and
transcranial magnetic stimulation that can be used to study neurotypical individuals. Includes methodological details
of each technique, and research findings from primary source documents. Instructor: Diaz. One course. C-L:
Neuroscience 111FS
213FS. The Politics of Language. SS One course. C-L: see Slavic and Eurasian Studies 215FS; also C-L: Political
Science 113FS
216FS. Neuroscience and Human Language. NS, SS Same as Linguist 216S; open only to students in the Focus
Program. Prerequistite: Advanced placement credit in Biology. Instructor: Andrews. One course. C-L: Russian
216FS, Neuroscience 216FS
216S. Neuroscience and Human Language. NS, SS The relationship of brain and language explored through a
variety of methodologies and approaches, including first and second language acquisition across cultures,
multilingualism, language disorders, and imaging studies of language acquisition, maintenance and loss. Special
attention to Russian contributions to cognitive neuroscience and linguistic theory. Prerequisite: Advanced Placement
credit in biology. One course. C-L: Russian 216S, Neuroscience 216S
250. Symbolic Logic. CZ One course. C-L: see Philosophy 250; also C-L: Information Science and Information
Studies
302S. French Phonetics. FL One course. C-L: see French 302S
303. Fundamentals of Spanish Linguistics. FL, SS One course. C-L: see Spanish 304
304. French Composition and Translation. CCI, FL One course. C-L: see French 304
305S. Italian Sociolinguistics. CCI, CZ, FL, SS One course. C-L: see Italian 303S
306S. Korean Sociolinguistics. CCI, CZ, SS One course. C-L: see Asian & Middle Eastern Studies 378S
308S. Bilingualism. CCI, SS One course. C-L: see Asian & Middle Eastern Studies 308S
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336S. Issues in Language Development (C, D). CCI, SS, W One course. C-L: see Psychology 336S; also C-L:
Children in Contemporary Society
351S. Cognitive Psychology of Oral Traditions (C). CCI, SS One course. C-L: see Psychology 351S
361. Language Technologies and Culture Acquisition. R, SS, STS One course. C-L: see Russian 361; also C-L:
Information Science and Information Studies
364. Gender and Language (DS4). CCI, R, SS One course. C-L: see Russian 364; also C-L: Cultural
Anthropology 232, International Comparative Studies 207, Women's Studies 232
390A. Duke-Administered Study Abroad: Advanced Special Topics in Linguistics. CCI Advanced study of
linguistics and languages on Duke-Approved programs at foreign institutions of higher learning. Topics differ by
section. Instructor: Staff. One course.
390S-01. Topics in Spanish Linguistics. CCI, FL One course. C-L: see Spanish 390S-5
396S. Language in Immigrant America. ALP, CCI, R One course. C-L: see English 396S; also C-L: Cultural
Anthropology 397S, Slavic and Eurasian Studies 396S
410S. Linguistics and Law (DS4). SS Topics include surreptitious recordings as criminal evidence; pornography,
slander, defamation, and libel; interpretation of laws and contracts; copyright, patents, and trademarks; jury
instructions; jury selection; courtroom language as a unique register; the language of judges' decisions;
interrogations and confessions; official bilingualism; product warnings; clarity of instructions leading to potential
liability issues. Instructor: Butters. One course.
450S. Junior/Senior Seminar in Linguistics. CCI, R, SS Theory and methods of comparative linguistics.
Diachronic and synchronic approaches to the study of comparative linguistics in phonology, morphology,
morphophonemics, syntax, and lexical categories in the context of the world's languages. Both Indo-European and
non- Indo-European languages included. Topics include theories of reconstruction, languages in contact, abductive
processes, and questions of linguistic typology. Major research paper required. Instructor: Andrews, Butters, or
Tetel. One course.
451. Language and Society. CCI, SS One course. C-L: see English 395; also C-L: Slavic and Eurasian Studies 385,
Cultural Anthropology 212
469SA. Language, Technology and Social Change in India. CCI, SS, STS This course takes an expansive view
of exploring how technological innovations, including information technologies, broadcast media, and
biotechnologies in India, impact cultural practices, ethical norms, language and social structures, especially gender,
class and caste. The role of language policy in education, rural and urban geography, and resource utilization are
each considered in the context of understanding technology-driven social change in diverse global contexts. Offered
as part of the Duke INtense Global Program in Hyderabad, India. Instructor: B. Prasad & L. Prasad. One course.
471S. Language and Politics: Eurasian Perspectives. CCI, SS Will examine the interfaces between language,
migration, and socio-political structures in the newly independent nations of Eurasia. While these interfaces have
long historical antecedents in nation-state formations, their manifestations in the post-national, post-communist era
are novel and complex. Understanding these new dynamics requires viewing language from a political-sociological
perspective that takes into account the interplays between the local, the national and the global. Instructor: Price.
One course. C-L: Slavic and Eurasian Studies 484S, Sociology 471S, Public Policy Studies 208S
472S. Cold War Texts: Politics, Propaganda and Pop Culture. ALP, CCI, EI, SS This course examines the
subtle (and not-so-subtle) ways in which Soviet Russia and Eurasia were strategically constructed and represented
during the Cold War. Students will learn to critically analyse the meanings and ethical implications of a variety of
texts--including political speeches, propaganda films, policy documents, and selections from popular film and
literature--and locate them in the historical, social and political contexts of their production. Students will engage
with theories and methods from a range of disciplines including critical discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and
political sociology. Instructor: Price. One course. C-L: Slavic and Eurasian Studies 434S, Sociology 472S, Public
Policy Studies 213S
473S. Neuroscience and Multilingualism. NS, R, STS In-depth analysis of PET, fMRI, MEG, EEG/ERP studies of
multilingualism and their implications for linguistic theory. A close examination of the neuroanatomical and
neurophysiological aspects of imaging studies and the importance of neurofunctional explanations play a central role
in building new theoretical paradigms of acquisition, maintenance and loss of languages. Instructor: Andrews. One
course. C-L: Russian 439S
493. Research Independent Study. R Individual research and reading in a field of special interest, under the
supervision of a faculty member, resulting in a substantive paper or written report containing significant analysis and
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interpretation of a previously approved topic. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate studies required.
Instructor: Staff. One course.
494. Research Independent Study. R See Linguistics 493. Consent of instructor and director of undergraduate
studies required. Instructor: Staff. One course.
501. Cognitive and Neurolinguistics. NS, R, SS The interrelationship between language and brain as described and
analyzed in cognitive and neurolinguistics. Topics include localization theories, hemispheric dominance in language,
language disorders, invasive and noninvasive scanning and imaging technologies (including ERP, EEG, fMRI,
MEG), encoding and decoding of language at the phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic levels.
Readings include scholarship from theoretical and cognitive linguistics, neurolinguistics, neurobiology,
neuropsychiatry, and neuropsychology. Major research project required in form of research paper, laboratory or
imagining experiment, or IRB document. Instructor: Andrews. One course. C-L: Russian 510, Neuroscience 501S
502S. Language, Brain, and Human Behavior. R, SS, STS Explores the intersection of cognition and language by
looking at a variety of theories of language, including: traditional models that vary according to how much the
capacity for language is attributed to "the genes" or to "the environment" and newer models that question and
redescribe traditional definitions of terms such as "nature," "nurture," genetic code," and "language." How
traditional and new models of language interpret the capacity for language in its relationship to the neurosciences,
the cognitive sciences, and the social sciences. Instructor: Tetel. One course. C-L: Psychology 670S
503S. Language Evolution and Acquisition. R, SS Both the phylogeny and ontogeny of language, i.e., both the
wide and growing variety of scripts for the evolution of language in the human species and the various approaches to
the emergence of language in the individual. The emergence of language in the individual and the particular
language(s) the individual is exposed to, making linguistic relativity an important topic. Instructor: Tetel. One
course. C-L: English 503S
505. Semiotics of Culture. ALP, CCI, CZ, R One course. C-L: see Russian 505
506. Semiotics and Linguistics (DS4). ALP, CCI, R, SS One course. C-L: see Russian 506
510. Brain and Language (B, C). NS Focus on cognitive processes and brain mechanisms involved in language
comprehension and production. Psycholinguistic models and how these models may be implemented in the brain.
Instructor: Andrews. One course. C-L: Psychology 575, Neuroscience 510S
512. Structure of French. FL One course. C-L: see French 512
512S. Topics in Spanish Linguistics. FL, R, SS One course. C-L: see Spanish 512S
528S. Recent and Contemporary Philosophy. CZ One course. C-L: see Philosophy 628S
560. History of the German Language. One course. C-L: see German 560; also C-L: Medieval and Renaissance
Studies 607
561S. Second Language Acquisition and Applied Linguistics. SS One course. C-L: see German 561S
564. Russian and Slavic Linguistics. SS C-L: see Slavic and Eurasian Studies 564
590. Special Topics. CCI, R, SS Study of theoretical and applied linguistics. Contrast and comparison of both
theoretical approaches and language groups is required. Topics to be announced. Instructor: Staff. One course.
590S. Special Topics in Linguistics. CCI, R, SS Same as Linguistics 590 except instruction is provided in a
seminar format. Instructor: Staff. One course.
890. Special Topics in Linguistics. CCI, R, SS Advanced study of linguistic theory. Topics to be announced.
Instructor: Staff. One course.
890S. Special Topics in Linguistics. CCI, R, SS Same as Linguistics 890 except instruction is provided in a
seminar format. Instructor: Staff. One course.
THE MAJOR
The major is composed of ten courses, eight of which must be at the 200 level or above. The courses combine
empirical methods with theory. They are devised to provide depth and breadth in linguistic theory, the different
schools of linguistics, the history and development of linguistic thought, and the interdisciplinary aspects of
linguistics in the context of languages and cultures. Majors must take Linguistics 101 and 102, which define the
fundamental questions of linguistic theory in the context of the world's languages; and in the junior or senior year
the capstone course Linguistics 215S, which adds cohesion to the major. For depth, the student is required to take
three courses from the list of theory courses, which provide the necessary theoretical and empirical constructs for the
study of linguistics. In addition, two courses are required in one of the concentrations in a specific area of
linguistics. All majors are required to take at least two foreign language courses at or above the 100-level. Students
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may petition to add courses to the list of courses that count toward the Theory and Disciplinary areas below (II and
III).
MAJOR REQUIREMENTS
I. Introductory Linguistics Courses (2):
201. Introduction to Linguistics
202. Languages of the World
II. Theory: Three (3) courses in the study of theoretical linguistics. Courses to be chosen from the following list:
REGULARLY SCHEDULED LINGUISTICS COURSES:
250. Symbolic Logic
203S. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics
209. Philosophy of Language
207. Psychology of Language (cross-listed)
204. English Historical Linguistics
308SS. Bilingualism
216S. Neuroscience and Human Language
364. Gender and Language
206. Variety in Language
493. Research Independent Study
494. Research Independent Study
501. Cognitive and Neurolinguistics
502S. Language, Brain, and Human Behavior
506. Semiotics and Linguistics
410S. Liniguistics and Law
561S. Second Language Theory and Practice
510. Brain and Language
SPECIAL TOPICS COURSES, OFFERED PERIODICALLY:
English
490-1. Current Topics in Linguistics
Linguistics
590. Special Topics
590S. Special Topics Seminar
III. Disciplinary Areas. Two (2) courses in one of the areas listed below. No course taken for credit as theory may
be counted to fulfill the disciplinary concentration requirement. Qualifying courses are listed above under the
heading "Linguistics Program Courses." Disciplines include:
Asian and Middle Eastern Studies
Cultural Anthropology
English
German
Philosophy
Psychology
Romance Studies
Slavic and Eurasian Studies
Spanish
IV. Junior/Senior Seminar in Linguistics. (Linguistics 215S). The capstone course for the major, usually taken in
the junior or senior year.
V. Language Requirement. Two (2) semester courses in a single language other than English at or above the 100
level, excluding languages in which the student possesses native proficiency in speech and writing. Students with
advanced placement credits or other evidence of foreign language proficiency are not exempted from this
requirement. Advisor's approval is required in order to determine the language chosen for the major. The specific
language courses are too numerous to list here. Advisors should also be consulted for specific approval of the
language choice if it does not conform to the list below or in the case of a tri-lingual student: Arabic, Chinese,
French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish.
Departmental Graduation with Distinction
The Linguistics Program offers work leading to Graduation with Distinction. See the program chair.
Procedure for Selection of Students. An overall GPA of 3.3 and GPA of 3.5 in the major are required. The
process for admission to the Graduation with Distinction program is initiated by the submission of a research
proposal to a faculty advisor by the end of the second semester of the junior year.
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Expected Product. The central requirement is an honors thesis prepared by the student under faculty
supervision. The thesis generally consists of three to five chapters with an extensive bibliography.
Evaluation Procedure. Completion of the thesis, its evaluation, and its defense before a three-member faculty
committee warrants Graduation with Distinction.
Levels of Distinction. The honors thesis committee will decide to grant distinction and at what level
(Distinction, High Distinction, Highest Distinction) based on the quality of the completed work.
Special Courses Required. The program consists of two courses. 1) Linguistics 493, Research Independent
Study, taken in the fall semester of the senior year, is devoted to development of the honors thesis and includes close
supervision of the writing stage of the project by a faculty member selected by the student. (This study can also be
listed as a special topics course, Linguistics 590S, if it is titled "Honors Thesis.") 2) The second course is Linguistics
450S, Senior Seminar in Linguistics, which is the capstone course specifically designed for doing comparative
research.
THE MINOR
Requirements: Five courses, in linguistics, three of which must be at the 200 level or above. Usually, two of
these courses are Linguistics 201 and Linguistics 202.