GENETIC INHERITANCE REVIEW
Chapters
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
The Cellular Basis of Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance
Human Genetics
Frontiers of Genetics
Objectives
1. You should be familiar with the series of experiments that Mendel conducted,
and the conclusions that can be drawn from each.
2. You should be able to complete punnett squares in order to determine the
probability of offspring phenotypes and genotypes.
3. You should be familiar with previous believes about the inheritance of traits, as
well as other non-Mendilian forms of inheritance.
4. You should be familiar with the process of meiosis and how it produces
gametes.
5. You should be familiar with the differences existing between the sex
chromosomes, with non-disjunction errors occurring in meiosis and how such
events lead to offspring genotypes having an abnormal amount of
chromosomes.
6. You should be familiar with basic autosomal and sex-linked inheritance in
humans, and be able to complete pedigrees associated with each form of
inheritance.
7. You should be familiar with the recombinant DNA technologies that were
developed from an understanding of bacterial cell biology.
8. You should be familiar with manners in which DNA technology was used to
sequence the human genome and other societal applications.
9. You should be familiar with those traits that are associated with the human
concept of race and be able to explain how current geneticists support their
conviction that races do not exist.
10. You should be familiar with the blood types, their genotypes, the antigens
each has, the antibodies each produce, as well as which can be given to
which during a blood transfusion.
11. You should be familiar with the difference between normal hemoglobin and
the abnormal hemoglobin associated with sickle cell anemia, and be familiar
with how sickle cell anemia protects those individual in areas where malaria is
prevalent.
Vocabulary
allele
homologous chromosomes
chromatid
meiosis
haploid (n)
meiosis I
gametes
sister chromatids
reduction
diploid (2n)
chromatin
meiosis II
division
telophase I & II
crossing over
polar bodies
prophase I & II
centrioles
Charles Darwin
traits
blending inheritance Gregor Mendel
independent assortment
metaphase I & II
spindle apparatus
sperm
phenotype
pure breeds
homozygous dominant homozygous recessive heterozygous
hybrid
dominance
recessive
3:1 ratio
dihybrid cross
9:3:3:1 ratio
punnett square
testcross
incomplete dominance
multiple alleles
ABO Blood types IA, IB, i
HbA, HbS
recombination
autosomes
SRY gene
crossing over
pedigree
aneuploidy
sex chromosomes
karyotyping
Thomas Morgan
gene mapping
recombinant DNA
DNA sequencing
DNA polymerase
gel electrophoresis
RFLP’s
plasmids
restriction enzymes
Sanger Method
DNA template
normal nucleotides stop nucleotides
genome sequencing PCR
anaphase I & II
nuclear membrane
egg
pea plants
genotypes
allele
monohybrid cross
independent assortment
codominance
Sickle Cell Anemia
x-chromosome
XX (female)
fruit flies
centiMorgans
y-chromosome
XY (male)
gene linkage
X-linked recessive
autosomal recessive autosomal dominant X-linked dominant
non-disjunction
Turner’s Syndrome XO
Klinefelter’s Syndrome XXY
Supermale
XYY
Walter Sutton
chromosome mutations deletions
inversions
translocations
duplications
amniocentesis
gene therapy
DNA primer
labeled nucleotides
DNA fingerprinting