UNIT #3 – ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
CHAPTER #5 – PROPERTIES AND CHANGES
Key Concepts:
-how matter is described and classified
-what changes in matter show that a physical or a chemical change has occurred
-why there are different types of mixtures
-who contributed to the development of chemistry as a science and to our understanding of matter
-how simple tests and careful measurements of certain properties help to identify pure substances
Key Terms:
particle theory of matter
solute
chemical change
scientific model
quantitative physical property
alloy
homogeneous
atom
law of definite proportions
suspension
physical change
solution
Dalton’s atomic theory
colloid
combustibility
electrolysis
qualitative physical property
solvent
Tyndall effect
density
mechanical mixture
compound
chemical property
element
law of conservation of mass
philosopher
precipitate
heterogeneous
physical property
alchemist
CHAPTER #6 – MEET THE ELEMENTS
Key Concepts:
-how to write symbols for the elements
-what a chemical formula represents
-what elements make up Earth’s atmosphere, hydrosphere, and crust
-how metals are extracted from minerals
-how families of elements in the periodic table illustrate patterns of physical and chemical properties
Key Terms:
smelting
chemical formula
molecule
metallurgy
ore
periodic table
element symbol
period
mineral
metals
atmosphere
hydrosphere
reactivity
modification
group
tempering
chemical family
non-metals
metalloids
CHAPTER #7 – MODELS OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Key Concepts:
-how scientists discovered electrons and protons by experimenting with tubes similar to the tube in a television set or a
computer monitor
-how radioactivity was discovered, and how it was used to probe the structure of atoms
-why different models of the atom were suggested as a result of new technology and new experiments
-how the structure of the atom explains the position of elements in the periodic table
-why atoms of the same element may have different masses
Key terms:
spectrum
gas discharge tube
neutron
subatomic particle
nuclear medicine
anode
electron cloud
nucleus
atomic mass unit
beta particle
cathode
nuclear energy
radioactivity
X-ray
atomic number
cathode ray
electron shell
isotope
gamma ray
proton
electron
Bohr-Rutherford model
alpha particle
mass number
CHAPTER #8 – CHEMICAL BONDING
Key Concepts:
-how ions form, and how ionic bonding occurs
-how bonding occurs in substances that do not have ionic bonds
-why substances with different types of bonding have different properties
-how chemicals play an important role in your life
Key Terms:
alkaline earth metals
stable octet
covalent bond
molecular compounds
ion
graphite
ionic compound
ionic bond
diamond
valence electrons
crystal lattice
polymer