Biology Final Exam Review Packet Answers 2012
Page 1: DNA replication worksheet
1. In order to produce another complete set of DNA to be used in a new cell, when the cell divides.
2. A. DNA helicase unwinds and unzips the strand of DNA down the middle, breaking Hydrogen
bonds.
B. DNA polymerase matches up the unpaired N-bases with the corresponding nucleotides.
C. DNA polymerase proofreads the strand and winds back into a double helix.
3. unwinds and unzips the double helix.
4. Matches up unpaired nitrogen bases and proofreads the DNA.
5. S phase (synthesis)
Page 2:
Page 3 & 4:Protein Synthesis worksheet
1. TACCATCGATTGGAA
2. AUGGUAGCUAACCUU
3. UACCAUCGAUUGGAA
4. Methionine, Valine, Alanine, Aspargine, Leucine
5. Transcription
6. Codon
7. GTCCTTAACGAGCTA
8. CAGGAAUUCGUCGAU
9. GUCCUUAAGCAGCUA
10. Glutamine, Glutamic acid, Phenyl alanine, Valine, Aspartic acid
11. AAAGTTAGCTGGTTG
12. UUUCAAUCGACCAAC
13. AAAGUUAGCUGGUUG
14. Phenyl alanine, Glutamine, Serine, Threonine, Asparagine
15. 1
16. Ribosome
17. Amino acids
18. Anit-codons
19. Translation
20. Translation
21. CATGAGTTCCAGATC
22. GUACUCAAGGUCUAG
23. CAUGAGUUCCAGAUC
24. Valine, Leucine, Lysine, Valine, Stop
Page 5: Chapter 10 Concept Mapping
How Proteins Are Made.
Protein synthesis
Includes
Transcription
Which uses
Genes
translation
which results in
RNA
Polymerase
which uses
which makes
RNA
proteins
Amino acids
Page 6: Chapter 12 Section Review 12-3
1. Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA
2. Transcription
3. Polymerase
4. Translation
5. Anticodon
6. Both DNA and RNA consist of a long chain of nucleotides. DNA however, contains the base thymine.
RNA contains uracil in place of thymine. DNA is double-stranded; RNA is a single-stranded. DNA has
a deoxyribose sugar; RNA has a ribose sugar.
7. Messenger RNA carries protein assembly instructions, ribosomal RNA helps to assemble proteins, and
transfer RNA carries amino acids used in the construction of proteins.
8. Answers may vary. Having a sequence of DNA that could be edited into several different mRNA
molecules makes it possible for a single gene to produce several different proteins specifically used in
different tissues. This allows a cell to carry less genetic material. It also makes it possible for very small
changes in DNA sequences to have a large change in gene expression. This is a mechanism for
evolutionary change.
9. The sequence CGCUAUAGC would produce the amino acid sequence arginine, tyrosine, and serine.
10. During transcription, the DNA would produce mRNA in which the third base is C, not A. Translation
however, would be unaffected because the original and the altered codons, CGA and CGC, both specify
the amino acid arginine.
Page 7: Chapter 10 Pretest
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. C
6.
Page 8 & 9: Chapter 10 Chapter Vocab Review
1. Cell Division
2. Centromere
3. Interphase
4. Cell
5. Spindle
6. Mitosis
7. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
8. Cytokinesis
9. Cyclins
10. Cancer
11. A
12. C
13. B
14. A
15. A
16. B
17. D
18. G2 Phase
19. Prophase
20. Metaphase
21. Anaphase
22. Telophase
23. Cytokinesis
24. G1 Phase
25. S Phase
Page 10 & 11: Chapter 11 Chapter Vocab Review
1. I
2. C
3. D
4. G
5. J
6. F
7. A
8. H
9. E
10. B
11. True-breeding
12. Phenotype, Genotypes
13. Independent Assortment
14. Incomplete Dominance, Codomi-nance
15. Crossing-Over
16. B
17. A
18. D
19. C
20. C
21. B
22. D
23. A
24. B
25. D
Page 12 & 13: Chapter 15
Genetics Practice Problems
1. 50% Tt - Tall, 50% tt – Short
2. 100% Ff – Free earlobes
3. 100% Pink
4. Yes, 50% Chance child will be Ao
5. Bo
6. None
7. XNXN – 25%
XNXn – 25%
XNY – 25%
XnY – 25%
8. His parents must be heterozygous so 25% chance
9. Father must be Tt, Mother must be tt, Jacks Chance = 50%
Page 14 & 15: Chapter 14
Chapter Vocab Review
1. Karyotype
2. Sex Chromosomes
3. Autosomes
4. Pedigree
5. Nondisjunction
6. D
7. B
8. B
9. A
10. A
11. D
12. A karyotype will show whether or not a fetus has Down syndrome
13. Because the X and Y chromosomes present in the embryo determines the sex of the child.
14. There are 44 autosomes in a human diploid cell.
15. A pedigree chart show how a trait is passed from one generation to the next.
Page 16 & 17: Chapter 15
Chapter Vocab Review
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. I
5. G
6. J
7. D
8. E
9. F
10. H
11. A theory is a well-supported, testable, explanations of phenomena that have occurred in the natural
world.
12. Artificial selection occurs when humans select naturally occurring variations that they find useful.
13. “Survival of the fittest” is a phrase that implies that those organisms best adapted to their environments
will live the longest and have the most reproductive success.
14. Descent with modification means that each living species has descended with changes from other
species over time.
15. A
16. D
17. B
18. C
19. A
20. A
21. To Darwin, fossils provided a detailed record of the evolution of different life forms over Earth’s long
history.
22. High birth rates lead to potentially large populations that require more resources than are available to
meet their needs.
23. Successful adaptations enable organisms to become better suited to their environment and thus better
able to survive and reproduce.
24. Descent with modification implies that today’s different species have had common ancestors in the
distant past.