Unit 1 – Matter and Change
I.
Chemistry Is a Physical Science
A.
Chemistry (noun) –
B.
Different Branches of Chemistry
1.
Organic – study of most carbon-containing compounds
C.
II.
2.
Inorganic – study of all substances not classified as organic, mainly
those compounds that don’t contain carbon
3.
Physical – study of the properties, changes, and relationships
between energy and matter
4.
Analytical – identification of the components and composition of
materials
5.
Biochemistry – study of substances and processes occurring in living
things
6.
Theoretical – use of mathematics and computers to design and
predict the properties of new compounds
In all areas of chemistry, scientists work with chemicals which are defined
as substances that have a definite composition
Matter and Its Properties
A.
B.
Matter (noun) –
1.
Mass (noun)–
2.
Volume (noun)–
Basic Building Blocks of Matter
1.
Atom (noun)–
2.
Element (noun)–
3.
Compound (noun)–
C.
Properties and Changes in Matter
1.
Properties are used to distinguish between substances and also to
separate them from each other
a.
Physical Properties
1.
Physical properties (noun) are characteristics that
NOTE: physical properties describe the substance
itself…NOT how it can change into other substances
EXAMPLES:
melting point
boiling point
volume
density
physical state (solid, liquid, gas)
2.
b.
mass
color
All physical properties can be further categorized as
being either…
a.
Extensive (adjective)–
b.
Intensive (adjective) –
Chemical Properties
Chemical properties (noun) relate
**In other words…reactivity
EXAMPLES:
all reactions
“burning”
2.
Changes in Matter
a.
Physical changes (noun)– any alterations to a substance that
doesn’t involve a change
EXAMPLES:
D.
b.
Chemical changes (noun)- any changes in which one or more
substances are
c.
When a physical or chemical change occurs, energy is almost
always involved…energy will either be absorbed or released
Classification of Matter
1.
2.
3.
Mixture (noun) – blend of 2 or more kinds of matter; each type of
matter will retain its own identity and properties
a.
Homogeneous (adjective)– also known as a solution;
b.
Heterogeneous (adjective)-
Pure Substance (noun) – substance that has a fixed composition (it
has a symbol or a formula) and differs from a mixture in
the following ways:
a.
Every sample of the substance has exactly the same
chemical and physical properties
b.
Every sample of the substance has exactly the same
composition
In Summary…
III.
Elements
A.
Basic Facts
1.
There are currently 118 accepted elements known to chemists (as of
August 20, 2008)
*
*
2.
B.
Each element is represented by a chemical symbol
a.
Permanent symbols are composed of one or two letters with
only the first letter capitalized
b.
Temporary symbols are composed of three letters and always
begin with a capital “U”
c.
Some elements have symbols that don’t seem to correspond
with their name…this is because
Introduction to the Periodic Table
1.
The elements are organized into rows and columns in the periodic
table.
2.
The vertical columns of the periodic table
3.
a.
Numbered from 1-18
b.
Each group contain elements with
The horizontal rows of the periodic table
C.
Types of Elements
1.
Metals –
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
Nonmetals –
a.
b.
c.
d.
NOTE: Noble Gases – Group 18
*
*
3.
Metalloids –
a.
b.