Name: __________________________________ Per:______
Topic & Vocabulary Review for DNA Unit Test
What do you need to know…
1. The structure of DNA; why its built the way it is, how its structured, and general
information about DNA.
2. Structure of chromosomes; role of histones and nucleosomes in chromosomal
packaging, any differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
3. DNA Replication; What, When, Where, Why & How.
4. Transcription & Translation; key players, What, When, Where & How.
5. Mutations; different types (chromosomal & gene mutations) and sub-types, how they
affect the proteins made, what affect they have on the organism.
6. Gene regulation; why we need it, how it’s done in eukaryotes (major players), and HOX
genes role in development.
Adenine
Amino acid
Anticodon
Base pairing
Chromatin
Chromosome
Codon
Complementary
Cytoplasm
Cytosine
Deletion
(mutation)
Deoxyribose
Differentiation
DNA
DNA polymerase
DNA replication
DNA template
Double helix
Exon
Frameshift
mutation
Gene
Guanine
Histones
Hydrogen bond
Insertion
(mutation)
Intron
Inversion
Messenger RNA
(mRNA)
Mutation
Nitrogenous base
Nucleosome
Nucleotide
Nucleus
Operator
Operon
Phosphate
Point mutation
Polypeptide
Promoter
Protein
Ribose
Ribosomal RNA
(rRNA)
Ribosome
RNA polymerase
Substitution
(mutation)
Sugar-phosphate
backbone
Thymine
Transcription
Transfer RNA
(tRNA)
Translation
Uracil
Name: __________________________________ Per:______
Review questions: Answers will be up on class website!
1. A DNA nucleotide does NOT contain:
a. 5-carbon sugar
b. polymerase
c. a nitrogen base
d. a phosphate group
2. In prokaryotes, DNA is located in the…
a. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. ribosome
d. histone
3. The process where DNA makes an exact copy of itself is called…
a. RNA replication
b. Translation
c. Transcription
d. DNA Replication
4. The main enzyme involved in linking DNA nucleotides together is called…
a. tRNA
b. RNA polymerase
c. anticodons
d. DNA polymerase
5. The process by which DNA is copied into a strand of mRNA is called…
a. translation
b. transcription
c. DNA Replication d. transformation
6. In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular
a. nucleotide
b. amino acid
c. purine
d. pyrimidine
7. Changes in the DNA sequence that affect the genetic information are known as
a. replications
b. transformations
c. mutations
c. prokaryotes
8. An expressed gene is one that
a. functions as a promoter
b. is transcribed into RNA
c. codes for only one amino acid
d. is made of mRNA
9. Which of the following is true;
a. RNA is usually single stranded
b. DNA is usually single stranded
c. DNA contains Uracil
d. RNA contains Thymine
10. A promoter is
a. binding site for DNA polymerase
b. binding site for RNA polymerase
c. start signal for replication
d. stop signal for translation
11. Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation
a. inversion
b. point mutation
c. substitution
d. all of the above
Name: __________________________________ Per:______
12. Which of the following is true of gene regulation in eukaryotes
a. promoters determine whether a gene is expressed
b. expressed genes make more DNA
c. RNA polymerase regulates gene expression
d. the TATA box is the stop codon
13. Gene regulation in eukaryotes
a. usually involves operons
b. is simpler than in prokaryotes
c. allows for cell specialization
d. includes the action of an operator region
14. HOX genes determine an animal’s
a. body plan
b. size
c. skin color
d. eye color
15. HOX genes
a. determine when bacteria replicate
b. determine where the flagellum is on the bacteria
c. determine when a dog’s cells replicate
d. determine where a dog’s ears are.
Short answer… Do these questions on another sheet of paper (we’re saving trees here!)
1. What is meant by the term “base-pairing”? How is base pairing involved in DNA
replication?
2. Describe the relationship between DNA, histones, chromatin, and nucleosomes.
3. Explain the process of replication. When a DNA molecule is replicated, how do the new
molecules relate to the old molecule?
4. What is the difference between exons and introns?
5. What is a codon? Give an example.
6. What is an anticodon? What role does it play?
7. Transcribe and translate the following DNA molecule:
AAATATGGCCCGGAT
mRNA:
Protein:
8. Name two major types of mutations. What do they have in common? How are they
different? Give an example of each using the sequence above.
9. Describe how the TATA box helps to position RNA polymerase.
10. Describe the processes of transcription and translation in words, specifying where each
takes place and why.
11. Describe one situation where a mutation would be bad for the protein created. Use an
example to illustrate.
Name: __________________________________ Per:______
Process
Definition
Location
Replication
Enzyme/molecule(s)
involved
Making exact
copies of DNA
DNA used to
make mRNA
Translation
Function
RNA polymerase
Ribosome
**Hint: see info
sheet that went with
translation coloring