ARCH2002
Historical Archaeology
Major Assignment
Matthew Judd
ID: 2063158
Tutor: Heather Burke
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Aims:
Using Archival sources:

Learn some of the history of the first settlers who came to Australia by looking at
the history of both my father’s and my mother’s side of the family and their
descendents.

Learn how my family history fits into the history of Adelaide and South Australia.
Method:

Use records from archives of the South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry
Society to research birth, marriage, death, and shipping records which relate to the
person or family that you are investigating.

Use records held at the Old Systems Section in Adelaide to research the history of
the land ownership in South Australia.

Talk to family members of the descendant so that any information can be traced
and compared with records
Results:
Richard Judd is the first settler on my father’s side of the family to settle in Australia.
Richard was the fifth child, of eight, born to parents James and Elizabeth and was
baptised on the 28 July 1822 (Anders 1981: 11). He was part of the long line of Judds
who could be found in the Winterslow region of Wiltshire County, on the outskirts of the
city of Salisbury in South Western England. Richard is likely to have been baptised in
Winterslow Church as this had been the traditional Judd church for centuries, with many
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Judds buried in its in the Church Yard. The earliest confidently established date of Judd
heritage in the area dating back to the late 1400s with Thomas Judde from the village of
Winterbourne Gunner, one of three neighbouring villages in the Bourne Valley, the two
other towns being Winterbourne Dauntsey and Winterbourne Earls (Anders 1981: 12).
Richard’s family were farmers on their own land, like others in the British countryside,
however, as a result of poor compensation during the time of the Enclosure Acts Richard,
his father and his brothers were forced to become farm hands. However, this did little to
supply an income for the family due to a drop in wages for farm hands, so farmers could
hire more for their money, and as a result it wasn’t long before they became paupers. On
May 13 1851 Richard, at the age of 28, joined his older brother Joseph, his wife Ann and
two children in boarding the ‘Thetis’, a sailing ship bound for Australia, in order to
improve their lives. Richard and Joseph are recorded in shipping logs as having funded
the voyage themselves without relying on assisted passage.
The Thetis arrived in South Australia on September 7 1851 at Port Adelaide. Not many
weeks after arriving Joseph was settled at a farm near Salisbury on the Para Plains with
Richard working as a farmhand as well as living on the property in a second house. They
were some of the earliest to make the settlement as people began to leave the Adelaide
settlement to make their fortunes in agriculture. Not long after settling in Salisbury
Joseph’s wife Ann sent Richard to meet a ship carrying passengers from Ireland. The
purpose of this was to acquire a servant girl to help with the house and children. He
returned with a girl named Catherine Collins who had emigrated from the County of
Cavan.
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In 1853 Richard, Joseph and a man who had also emigrated from Wiltshire County,
named Levi Stone crossed the border into Victoria to make their fortunes in gold. While
Joseph was forced to return to Salisbury after 6 months due to falling ill with no money
to his name, Richard and Levi Stone returned to Salisbury much later with £260-0-0 to
each others names. Richard and Levi along with Joseph, using the money he had eared
from the farm since his return, used there joint funds to purchase two sections of land at
Yatala, 3051 and 3052, making up a total of 128 acres. In a letter which Joseph wrote to a
relative still living in England an account of the cost and what it took to equip the new
land is included (See Appendix 1).
In 1855 Richard Judd married Catherine Collins, the servant girl he had picked up from
the dock for his sister in law Ann (See Appendix 2). There are conflicting dates, however,
on the exact date of the marriage. A notice which appeared in the 3rd of November edition
of the South Australian Register in 1855 records the marriage as occurring on the 18th of
October 1855, while records held by the South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry
Society record the marriage as occurring on the same date at the residence of Richard
Judd and also on the 29 December 1855 at the Registry Office of Salisbury in the district
of Yatala (Cobiac 2001: 983) (See Appendix 3). Both Richard and Catherine were unable
to write as can be seen by their mark of X on the marriage certificates held by the South
Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society and by no letters being written by Richard
back home to England or anywhere else. Richard continued to live and work on Joseph’s
property and on August 26 1856 Catherine gave birth to their first child who they named
Henry Augustin (See Appendix 4).
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In 1857 Levi Stone separated from Richard and Joseph selling his share of the joint
property owned by the three men to the brothers and at the same time Richard
independently bought two more sections of land, not far from the Salisbury railway
station.
The brothers, Richard and Joseph, worked well together since their emigration from
England and had seen each other secure land tenures through droughts and early financial
difficulties. However, the brothers separated approximately 1860 to pursue they’re own
lives. The first part of which took the form of Richard buying the lands which he and
Joseph had first bought upon settling in Australia.
Like his brother, Richard continued farming and continued to purchase further sections of
land across the Para Plains, Munno Para, and Salisbury areas as well as a property at
Mallala. Richard and Catherine gave birth to five more children, who were named
Robert, Mary Ann, Elizabeth, Maria Jane, and George.
Richard continued working his properties but was hindered in 1855 when he broke his leg
and was confined to his home. He refused to be confined for long though as being stuck
at home depressed him greatly and attempted to start working again with the broken leg.
On August 11 1855 Richard’s body was found in a dam on one of his properties where he
had fallen and had been unable to get out due to the broken leg. In his will Richard left all
of his property to his wife Catherine (See Appendix 5) who continued the work which
Richard left behind with her children. Henry Augustin was sent to the property at Mallala
where he rented and cleared the land. Catherine is remembered by the family as being a
‘battle axe’ who ran the properties well. Judd family history has an account that
whenever Catherine visited Henry at Mallala to inspect the rent property he was forced to
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sleep in the barn so that his mother could use the house. Henry married Bridget Isabella
Murphy on April 7 1885, at St Peter and Paul Catholic Church in Gawler, and together
they had five children, George Henry, James Patrick, Bridget Isabella Catherine,
Clarence, Peter Boyce & Richard William.
Catherine died on the 23rd of January 1908 as a result of a Heart Apoplexy, or Heart
Attack. In her will she left her jewellery and household possessions to her daughter
Elizabeth, the property at Mallala to her son Henry, the house she was living in when she
died to her son George (See Appendix 6 & 7), and the main property at Salisbury to her
grandson Richard, suspected because he shared the same name as her late husband, who
was the child of her second child Robert. The new Richard was a drunk and ran the
inherited property poorly and as a result it was eventually sold off. Much of the land is
now commercial property lining Main North Road, and was once the site of the General
Motors Holden Plant. Judd Road, which could be found in Salisbury, was named in
honour of the Judd settlers who were an integral part of the history of Salisbury, but it has
since been renamed Smith Road (Anders 1981: 28).
Peter Boyce (See Appendix 8), the fourth child of Henry and Bridget, was born on the
16th of November 1893. In his adult life Peter Boyce moved away from the farm at
Mallala to Prospect and became a police officer. He married Helene Frances Oswald on
the 15th of November 1922 at St Lawrence Church in North Adelaide and together they
had two sons James and Peter. Peter was born on February 29 1928 and married Laurel
Chapman in 1957. Henry Augustin died on the 9th of March 1940 as a result of Senile
Myocarditis. In 1960 Peter and Laurel gave birth to their first son, Peter Michael, and
later in 1963 their second son, Anthony, was born. Peter Boyce died on the 10th of August
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1971 and was followed by his wife Helene fifteen years later, 1986. Peter Michael
studied to become a teacher and in 1984 he married Gayle Elizabeth Maraun. Peter, Peter
Michael’s father, died of cancer in 1996 and is buried in Centennial Park cemetery on
Goodwood Road.
Information on the early history of Ludwig Maraun who settled in Australia is extremely
difficult to confidently describe as official documents and simple knowledge either do not
exist or are not easily found. Within the Maraun family, on my mother’s side of the
family, Ludwig Maraun is believed to have married three times, once in Germany and
twice in Australia. However, the records of these marriages have conflicting dates which
make it impossible to confidently write the history of them.
Ludwig Maraun was born in Königsberg in Prussia, Germany, on the 16th of February
1820. During his life in Prussia family knowledge of Ludwig point to him being married
to an unknown woman with a son named Louis. Family knowledge places Ludwig
boarding the Ship ‘Emma’ in 1846 and arriving in Australia during the same year. No
shipping records of Ludwig or his family boarding any vessel called the Emma 1846
could be located. This date and ship name is known as the great grandson of Ludwig,
Munro Stickles, has been told that Ludwig appears in a book recording settlers from
South Australia’s settling up to the year 1846. Shortly after arriving in Australia
Ludwig’s first wife and son died leaving Ludwig alone. After arriving in Adelaide
Ludwig bought a part of town acre 211 on the corner of Pultney Street and Pirie Street,
on Hindmarsh Square. Ludwig was a coach builder and opened a coach house at the site
where the Adelaide Bank building now stands (See Appendix 9). Not long after the death
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of his first wife and child Ludwig is believed to have married again. Records held at the
South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society have a record of Ludwig being married
to an Anna Friedricke Henning who had also emigrated from Prussia, however, the date
of the marriage is unknown. It is known that this marriage gave Ludwig two sons (See
Appendix 10). Their first son was born, 23rd November 1853, who they named Ludwig
Henning (See Appendix 11). This was followed by the birth of another son who they
called Oscar, on the 24th August 1855, as well as daughters, whose history is unknown.
Ludwig wanted his son, Ludwig Henning, to follow in his footsteps as a coach builder
and so sent him back to Vienna to learn the art of coach building as well as learning art.
Ludwig’s second marriage did not last for long, however, as records and family
knowledge of the history show that Ludwig remarried for a third time, this time to Anna
Constanze Horn. However, this was also short lived as Anna Constanze died on April 18
1860 at the age of 37 as a result of Ohthisis, once again leaving Ludwig a widower.
After returning to Australia, Ludwig Henning married Charlotte Ann Schell on the 31st of
August 1891, at Christ Church in Kapunda. He worked at his father’s couch house but
later took to touring the Australian Outback, painting, for which he became acclaimed for
and is recorded on his death certificate as having been a Master Painter. Ludwig, senior,
died of old age on 2nd November 1898 and the coach house was sold off.
Ludwig Henning and Charlotte gave birth to five children, the first of which died and was
buried on the riverbank at Wilcannia. The children that followed were named George
Murray, Frederick Heming, Oscar August and Cecelia Elizabeth. The three boys were
mischievous growing up, so much as to be expelled from Sunday School. George was
sent into the navy by Ludwig to settle him down while Frederick and Oscar both went on
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to work on the railways. With the outbreak of World War I Frederick was amongst the
first waves at Gallipoli and was later captured by Germans at the Battle of the Somme
until the end of the war. Oscar, being only seventeen at the time raised his age and went
on to fight in France. All three brothers returned safely, except for Frederick who was
severely psychologically scarred by his experience as a POW. Oscar struggled to settle
with a job after returning and took on many different jobs, including prison warder and
Commonwealth police officer. Oscar married Maggie Elisabeth Maple Smith on the 15th
November 1922, at St Andrew’s Church Walkerville, and together they had three
children. At the outbreak of World War II Oscar lowered his age and rejoined the army.
Days before he was due to depart, however, Maggie informed the army of Oscar’s real
age and as a result he was dismissed. Ludwig Henning died of myocardial degeneration
and senility on the 19th of August 1948. Munro Stickles is the second child of Oscar and
Maggie and is the father of Gayle Elizabeth Maraun who married Peter Michael Judd.
On the 17th of January 1990 Peter Michael and Gayle Elisabeth gave birth to their first
child, a boy who they named Matthew James. On the 30th of November 1993 they had
their second child, a girl who they named Chantelle Katherine. Matthew James is
currently studying Archaeology at Flinders University while his sister is attending
Concordia College.
Data Analysis:
Documents of birth and sometimes marriage are hard to find, in Australia, as they are
held in the country of the settler’s birth. However, depending on the time period it is
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possible that the documents do not exist. During the period in history when both Richard
and Ludwig Maraun were born, taking records was not a priority and as a result many
statistics are left unknown as the documents do not exist or have been poorly maintained.
There is no known record of Richard Judd’s exact birth date and as a result the date of his
baptism is used to approximately place a date. The records for his emigration to Australia
and his time in Australia, however, have been collated in order to write a family history
of his brother, Joseph. Information of Ludwig’s past in Königsberg, in Prussia is hard to
find at all. Any records which were held in the city have since been destroyed by the
Russian army on its way to Berlin, during the dying days of the Second World War.
Shipping records of German immigrants are also difficult to come by as the official lists
at the South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society have been off the shelves for
updating since early 2008. There are unofficial documents which place a Ludwig Maraun
arriving in Australia four years after the family believes he arrived, but these records also
show that he was a single man which does not fit with the emigration of his wife and son.
It is possible that Ludwig emigrated first and that this later emigration record is his first
wife and son under his name. However, the dates for this possible delayed emigration of
his first wife and son do not fit the possible dates for his second and third marriages or
birth dates of Ludwig Henning and Oscar. Despite the missing records and confusing
records, using accounts from the family it was possible to piece together a history of
Ludwig and his three families. Even in Australia there are no records known which hold
information on the first two families of Ludwig but there is physical evidence of their
existence, in West Terrace Cemetery. However piecing together clues acquired through
the records which are held in archives and by asking family members what they know it
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is possible to put Ludwig’s history together. Even with the collation and piecing together
of documented and oral histories, there are still gaps which. The details of the first few
weeks after Richard’s arrival in Australia is unknown and there are still problems with
the dates of Ludwig Maraun’s marriage.
Discrepancies between official documents also make researching into the history of an
individual difficult. Richard Judd and Catherine Collins are recorded in the South
Australian Marriages Index of Registrations 1842 to 1916 Vol. 3 as having been married
twice almost two months apart. This factor can come down to a cross denomination
marriage, such as a marriage between a Catholic and a member of the Church of England,
a marriage deemed unofficial, ceremony performed by an unordained official or official
notice was not given that the ceremony would be taking place, or the earlier certificate
could simply be a notice of marriage filled out on a marriage certificate.
Discussion/Interpretation:
While there is plentiful amounts of information stored in archives there are just as many,
possibly even more, historical documents which have been lost, deliberately destroyed,
poorly maintained, and or have simply never existed which can or could have been used
by historical archaeologists to research Gaps and discrepancies in the official records.
Oral histories can be used to back up the official documents but it is not always reliable
as the human mind can also have its own discrepancies between memory and reality. As a
result it is not always possible to confidently establish which the information is more
historically correct than the other. In the situations where gaps and discrepancies between
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official documents and historical accounts don’t match up it is best to fill the gaps and
answer the discrepancies with the most logical explanations.
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References:
Anders, L. R. 1981 Joseph Judd: His Ancestors and Descendants c. 1500 to 1981. Hyde
Park Press, Adelaide.
Broughton, M 1975 ‘Why Wiltshire’s Poor Migrated in 1851’, The Chronicle 14
February, page 26.
Thomas, J. & South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society & Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints 1997 South Australian Births Index of Registrations 1842 to 1916
Vol. 5. South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society, Adelaide.
Thomas, J. & South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society & Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints 1997 South Australian Births Index of Registrations 1842 to 1916
Vol. 6. South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society, Adelaide.
Cobiac, A. L. & Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints & South Australian
Genealogy & Heraldry Society 2001 South Australian Marriages Index of Registrations
1842 to 1916 Vol. 3. South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society, Adelaide.
Cobiac, A. L. & Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints & South Australian
Genealogy & Heraldry Society 2000 South Australian Deaths Index of Registrations
1842 to 1915 Vol. 3. South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society, Adelaide.
Cobiac, A. L. & Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints & South Australian
Genealogy & Heraldry Society 2007 South Australian Deaths Index of Registrations
1916 to 1972 Vol. 5. South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society, Adelaide.
Cobiac, A. L. & Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints & South Australian
Genealogy & Heraldry Society 2007 South Australian Deaths Index of Registrations
1916 to 1972 Vol. 6. South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society, Adelaide.
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Statton, J. (ed) & South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society 1986 Biographical
Index of South Australians 1836 to 1885 Vol. 2. South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry
Society, Adelaide.
Statton, J. (ed) & South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society 1986 Biographical
Index of South Australians 1836 to 1885 Vol. 3. South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry
Society, Adelaide.
Deaths for the District of Adelaide Book 9 [Microfiche]. Viewed at the South Australian
Genealogy Society.
Deaths for the District of Adelaide Book 256 [Microfiche]. Viewed at the South
Australian Genealogy Society.
Deaths for the District of Gawler Book 622 [Microfiche]. Viewed at the South Australian
Genealogy Society.
Deaths for the District of Hindmarsh Book 731 [Microfiche]. Viewed at the South
Australian Genealogy Society.
Marriages for the District of Yatala Book 23 [Microfiche]. Viewed at the South
Australian Genealogy Society.
Marriages for the District of Yatala Book 24 [Microfiche]. Viewed at the South
Australian Genealogy Society.
1855, South Australian Register 3 November, page 2, Column B.
1893, The Advertiser 1 September.
1908, The Advertiser 24 January, page 252, Column B.
1908, The Advertiser 24 January, Page 2, Funeral Notices.
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Thankyou to Laurel Judd, and Munro, Paul, Meredith Maraun and Gayle Judd for their
help in allowing me to borrow the history they were knowledgeable of and helping to
piece all the information together.
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Appendix:
Appendix 1:
Page 1 of a Letter written by Joseph Judd telling of Richard Judd’s and Levi Stone’s
return from the Victorian goldfields.
Provided by Laurel Judd
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Appendix 2:
Richard and Catherine Judd
Photo appeared in ‘The Chronicle’ 1851.
Broughton, M 1975 ‘Why Wiltshire’s Poor Migrated in 1851’, The Chronicle 14
February, page 26.
Provided by Laurel Judd
17
Appendix 3:
Richard and Catherine Judd’s Marriage Certificate
Provided by Laurel Judd
18
Appendix 4:
Young Henry Augustin Judd.
Provided by Laurel Judd.
Henry Augustin Judd and Bridget Isabella Judd.
Provided by Laurel Judd
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Appendix 5:
The Will of Richard Judd.
Provided by Laurel Judd.
20
Appendix 6:
Page 2 of Catherine Judd’s Will.
Provided by Laurel Judd.
21
Appendix 7:
Geroge Judd’s House, formerly Catherine Judd’s
Provided by Laurel Judd
Appendix 8:
A young Peter Boyce.
Provided by Laurel Judd.
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Appendix 9:
Site of Ludwig Maraun’s Coach House.
Provided by Paul Maraun.
Pirie Street during the 1800s with Coach house still standing.
Provided by Paul Maraun
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Site of the Coach House today.
Picture from Google Maps.
http://maps.google.com.au/
Appendix 10:
Ludwig Maraun with wife Anna Friedericke, Ludwig Henning (Right) and Oscar (left).
Provided by Munro Maraun.
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Appendix 11:
Ludwig Henning Maraun.
Provided by Munro Maraun.
Appendix 12:
Catherine’s death in the January 24th 1908 Advertiser
1908, The Advertiser 24 January, page 252, Column B.
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